"GRDSLAB" --- CONCRETE SLAB ON GRADE ANALYSIS

Program Description:
"GRDSLAB" is a spreadsheet program written in MS-Excel for the purpose of analysis of concrete slabs on
grade. Specifically, a concrete slab on grade may be subjected to concentrated post or wheel loading. Then
for the given parameters, the slab flexural, bearing, and shear stresses are checked, the estimated crack width is
determined, the minimum required distribution reinforcing is determined, and the bearing stress on the dowels
at construction joints is checked. Also, design charts from the Portland Cement Association (PCA) are included
to provide an additional method for determining/checking required slab thickness for flexure. The ability to
analyze the capacity of a slab on grade subjected to continuous wall (line-type) load as well as stationary,
uniformly distributed live loads is also provided.
This program is a workbook consisting of eight (8) worksheets, described as follows:

Worksheet Name

Description

Doc
Slab on Grade
PCA Fig. 3-Wheel Load
PCA Fig. 7a-Post Load
PCA Fig. 7b-Post Load
PCA Fig. 7c-Post Load
Wall Load
Unif. Load

This documentation sheet

Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis for Concentrated Post or Wheel Loading
PCA Figure 3 - Design Chart for Single Wheel Loads
PCA Figure 7a - Design Chart for Post Loads (k = 50 pci)
PCA Figure 7b - Design Chart for Post Loads (k = 100 pci)
PCA Figure 7c - Design Chart for Post Loads (k = 200 pci)
Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis for Wall Load
Concrete Slab on Grade Analysis for Stationary Uniform Live Loads

Program Assumptions and Limitations:

1. This program is based on the following references:
a. "Load Testing of Instumented Pavement Sections - Improved Techniques for Appling the Finite Element
Method to Strain Predition in PCC Pavement Structures" - by University of Minnesota, Department of Civil
Engineering (submitted to MN/DOT, March 24, 2002)
b. "Principles of Pavement Design" - by E.J. Yoder and M.W. Witczak (John Wiley & Sons, 1975)
c. "Design of Concrete Structures" - by Winter, Urquhart, O'Rourke, and Nilson" - (McGraw-Hill, 1962)
d. "Dowel Bar Opimization: Phases I and II - Final Report" - by Max L. Porter (Iowa State University, 2001)
e. "Design of Slabs on Grade" - ACI 360R-92 - by American Concrete Institute (from ACI Manual of Concrete
Practice, 1999)
f. "Slab Thickness Design for Industrial Concrete Floors on Grade" (IS195.01D) - by Robert G. Packard
(Portland Cement Association, 1976)
g. "Concrete Floor Slabs on Grade Subjected to Heavy Loads"
Army Technical Manual TM 5-809-12, Air Force Manual AFM 88-3, Chapter 15 (1987)
2. The "Slab on Grade" worksheet assumes a structurally unreinforced slab, ACI-360 "Type B", reinforced only
for shrinkage and temperature. An interior load condition is assumed for flexural analysis. That is, the
concentrated post or wheel load is assumed to be well away from a "free" slab edge or corner. The original
theory and equations by H.M. Westergaard (1926) as modified by Reference (a) in item #1 above are used for
the flexual stress analysis. Some of the more significant simplifying assumptions made in the Westergaard
analysis model are as follows:
a. Slab acts as a homogenous, isotropic elastic solid in equilibrium, with no discontinuities.
b. Slab is of uniform thickness, and the neutral axis is at mid-depth.
c. All forces act normal to the surface (shear and friction forces are assumed to be negligible).
d. Deformation within the elements, normal to slab surface, are considered.
e. Shear deformation is negligible.
f. Slab is considered infinite for center loading and semi-infinite for edge loading.

g. Load at interior and corner of slab distributed uniformly of a circular contact area.
h. Full contact (support) between the slab and foundation.

3. Other basic assumptions used in the flexural analysis of the "Slab on Grade" worksheet are as follows:
a. Slab viewed as a plate on a liquid foundation with full subgrade contact (subgrade modeled as a series
of independent springs - also known as "Winkler" foundation.)
b. Modulus of subgrade reaction ("k") is used to represent the subgrade.
c. Slab is considered as unreinforced concrete beam, so that any contribution made to flexural strength by
the inclusion of distribution reinforcement is neglected.
d. Combination of flexural and direct tensile stresses will result in transverse and longitudinal cracks.
e. Supporting subbase and/or subgrade act as elastic material, regaining position after application of load.
4. The "Slab on Grade" worksheet allows the user to account for the effect of an additional post or wheel load.
The increase in stress, 'i', due to a 2nd wheel (or post) load expressed as a percentage of stress for a single
wheel (or post) load generally varies between 15% to 30% as is to be input by the user.
5. All four (4) worksheets pertaining to the PCA Figures 3, 7a, 7b, and 7c from Reference (f) in item #1 above are
based on interior load condition and other similar assumptions used in the "Slab on Grade" worksheet.
Other assumed values used in the development of the Figures 3, 7a, 7b, and 7c are as follows:
a. Modulus of elasticity for concrete, Ec = 4,000,000 psi.
b. Poisson's Ratio for concrete, = 0.15.
6. In the four (4) worksheets pertaining to the PCA Figures 3, 7a, 7b, and 7c, the user must manually determine
(read) the required slab thickness from the design chart and must manually input that thickness in the
appropriate cell at the bottom of the page. An interation or two may be required, as when the slab thickness
is input, it may/may not change the effective contact area. Note: the user may unprotect the worksheet (no
password is required) and access the Drawing Toolbar (select: View, Toolbars, and Drawing) to manually
draw in (superimpose) the lines on the chart which are used to determine the required slab thickness.
7. This program contains numerous comment boxes which contain a wide variety of information including
explanations of input or output items, equations used, data tables, etc. (Note: presence of a comment box
is denoted by a red triangle in the upper right-hand corner of a cell. Merely move the mouse pointer to the
desired cell to view the contents of that particular "comment box".)

"GRDSLAB.xls" Program
Version 1.4

CONCRETE SLAB ON GRADE ANALYSIS

For Slab Subjected to Interior Concentrated Post or Wheel Loading
Assuming ACI-360 "Type B" Design - Reinforced for Shrinkage and Temperature Only
Job Name:
Subject:
Job Number:
Originator:
Checker:

###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Input Data:
Slab Thickness, t =
Concrete Strength, f 'c =
Conc. Unit Weight, wc =
Reinforcing Yield, fy =
Subgrade Modulus, k =
Concentrated Load, P =
Contact Area, Ac =
Factor of Safety, FS =
Dowel Bar Dia., db =
Dowel Bar Spacing, s =
Const. Joint Width, z =
Joint Spacing, L =
Temperature Range,T =
Increase for 2nd Wheel, i =

8.000
5000
150
60000
100
12500.00
114.00
2.00
0.750
12.000
0.2500
20.000
50.00
15

Check Slab Bearing Stress:

fp(actual) =
Fp(allow) =

109.65
2672.86

Check Slab Punching Shear Stress:

bo =
42.708
fv(actual) =
20.91
Fv(allow) =
171.83
Shrinkage and Temperature Reinf.:
Friction Factor, F =
1.50
Slab Weight, W =
100.00
Reinf. Allow. Stress, fs =
45000
As =
0.033

Wheel

psi
pcf

Top/Slab

psi
pci
lbs.

Contact Area, Ac

in.^2
(Subgrade)
in.
in.

Lubricate this end

ft.

of all Dowels

deg.
%

in.
psi
psi
ft-k/ft.
in.
in.
psi
psi
psi

psi
psi

in.
psi
psi

psf
psi
in.^2/ft.

###
###
###
###
###

Concrete Slab on Grade

in.

Results:
Check Slab Flexural Stress:
Effective Load Radius, a =
6.024
Modulus of Elasticity, Ec = 4286826
Modulus of Rupture, MR =
636.40
Cracking Moment, Mr =
6.79
Poisson's Ratio, =
0.15
Radius of Stiffness, Lr =
36.985
Equivalent Radius, b =
5.648
1 Load: fb1(actual) =
267.58
2 Loads: fb2(actual) =
307.72
Fb(allow) =
318.20

Post
in.

Direction of pour
Stop slab reinf. (As) at joint
Min. of
1/8"-1/4" x t/4 formed joint

###

t/3 or 2"
t/2

fb1(actual) =
fb1(actual) =
3/4" Plain Dowels @ 12"
=
Typical Construction Joint for Load Transfer
=
(assuming unreinforced slab with interior load condition)
=
a = SQRT(Ac/)
Ec = 33*wc^1.5*SQRT(f 'c)
Check Sla
MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c)
fp(actual) =
Mr = MR*(12*t^2/6)/12000 (per 1' = 12" width)
Fp(allow) =
= 0.15 (assumed for concrete)
Lr = (Ec*t^3/(12*(1-^2)*k))^0.25
Check Sla
b = SQRT(1.6*a^2+t^2)-0.675*t , for a < 1.724*t
bo =
fb1(actual) = 3*P*(1+)/(2**t^2)*(LN(Lr/b)+0.6159) fv(actual)
(Ref. 1) =
fb2(actual) = fb1(actual)*(1+i/100)
Fv(allow) =
Fb(allow) = MR/FS
Fb(allow) >= fb(actual), O.K.
Shrinkage
(assuming working stress)
(Ref. 4)
fp(actual) = P/Ac
W=
Fp(allow) = 4.2*MR
Fp(allow) >= fp(actual), O.K. fs =
As =
(assuming working stress)
(Ref. 4)
bo = 4*SQRT(Ac) (assumed shear perimeter)
Slab Reinf
fv(actual) = P/(t*(bo+4*t))
fr =
Fv(allow) = 0.27*MR
Fv(allow) >= fv(actual), O.K. fs =
=
(assuming subgrade drag method)
(Ref. 3)
F = 1.5 (assumed friction factor between subgrade and slab)
As =
W = wc*(t/12)
fs = 0.75*fy
Slab Reinf
As = F*L*W/(2*fs)
fr =

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As =

Determine Estimated Crack Width:

(assuming no use of stabilized or granular subbase)
Slab Reinf
Slab-base Frict. Adjust., C =
1.00
C = 1.0 (assumed value for no subbase)
As =
Thermal Expansion, = 0.0000055 in./in./deg = 5.5x10^(-6) (assumed thermal expansion coefficient) As =
Shrinkage Coefficient, = 0.00026 in./in.
= 3.5x10^(-4) (assumed coefficient of shrinkage)
As =
Est. Crack Width, L =
L = C*L*12*(*T+)
0.1284
in.
Check Bearing Stress on Dowels at Construction Joints with Load Transfer:

(Ref. 2)

Pt
Le

Le
s

di

d4

d3

d2

d1

0*Pc
(1-(4-1)*s/Le)*Pc
(1-(3-1)*s/Le)*Pc
(1-(2-1)*s/Le)*Pc

d2

d3

d4

di

0*Pc
(1-(4-1)*s/Le)*Pc
(1-(3-1)*s/Le)*Pc
(1-(2-1)*s/Le)*Pc
1.0*Pc

=
A=
Ecm =
L=
As =

Determine
C=
=
=
L =

Assumed Load Transfer Distribution for Dowels at Construction Joint

Le =
36.985
in.
Effective Dowels, Ne =
3.11
bars
Joint Load, Pt = 6250.00 lbs.
Critical Dowel Load, Pc = 2011.88 lbs.
Mod. of Dowel Suppt., kc = 1500000 psi
Mod. of Elasticity, Eb = 29000000 psi
Inertia/Dowel Bar, Ib =
0.0155
in.^4
Relative Bar Stiffness, =
0.889
fd(actual) = 5299.09 psi
Fd(allow) = 5416.67 psi

Le = 1.0*Lr = applicable dist. each side of critical dowel

Le =
Ne = 1.0+2*(1-d(n-1)*s/Le) (where: n = dowel #)
Pt = Table
0.50*Pfor(assumed
Determining
loadthe
transferred
Total Number
across
of Dowel
joint) Bars Effective in Tra
Pc = Pt/Ne
Dowel #
kc = 1.5x10^6 (assumed for concrete)
###
Eb = 29x10^6 (assumed for steel dowels)
###
Ib = *db^4/64
= (kc*db/(4*Eb*Ib))^(1/4)
Ne =
fd(actual) = kc*(Pc*(2+*z)/(4*^3*Eb*Ib))
Pt =
Fd(allow) = (4-db)/3*f 'c
Fd(allow) >= fd(actual), O.K. Pc =
kc =
Eb =
Ib =
References:
=
1. "Load Testing of Instumented Pavement Sections - Improved Techniques for Appling the Finite Element
Method to Strain Predition in PCC Pavement Structures" - by University of Minnesota, Department fd(actual)
of Civil =
Engineering (submitted to MN/DOT, March 24, 2002)
Fd(allow) =
2. "Dowel Bar Opimization: Phases I and II - Final Report" - by Max L. Porter (Iowa State University, 2001)
3. "Design of Slabs on Grade" - ACI 360R-92 - by American Concrete Institute (from ACI Manual of Concrete
Practice, 1999)
Iteration #
4. "Slab Thickness Design for Industrial Concrete Floors on Grade" (IS195.01D) - by Robert G. Packard
##
(Portland Cement Association, 1976)
##
##
Comments:
##
##
##
##
##
##
#
#

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CONCRETE SLAB ON GRADE THICKNESS ANALYSIS

For Slab Subjected to Single Wheel Loading from Vehicles with Pneumatic Tires
Per PCA "Slab Thickness Design for Industrial Concrete Floors on Grade" - Figure 3, page 5
Job Name:
Subject:
Job Number:
Originator:
Checker:

###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Effective Load Contact Area Based on Slab Thickn

Load Contact
Area, Ac (in.^2)
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
Figure 3 Design Chart for Axles with Single Wheels
###
Input Data:
Ac Index:
Concrete Strength, f 'c =
3000
Instructions for Use of Figure 3:
###
psi
Subgrade Modulus, k = 200.00 pci
1. Enter chart with slab stress = 9.86
Ac
Axle Load, Pa = 25000.00 lbs.
2. Move to right to eff. contact area = 113.64 ###
Wheel Spacing, S =
37.00
3. Move up/down to wheel spacing = 37
in.
Tire Inflation Pressure, Ip = 110.00 psi
4. Move to right to subgrade modulus = 200
Factor of Safety, FS =
2.00
5. Read required slab thickness, t
Results:
Wheel Load, Pw = 12500.00
Tire Contact Area, Ac = 113.64
Effective Contact Area, Ac(eff) = 113.64
Concrete Flexual Strength, MR = 492.95
Concrete Working Stress, WS = 246.48
Slab Stress/1000 lb. Axle Load =
9.86
Slab Tickness, t =
7.900

lbs.
in.^2
in.^2
psi
psi
psi
in.

9 of 20

Pw = Pa/2 (1/2 of axle load for 2 wheels/axle)

Ac = Pw/Ip
Ac(eff) = determined from Figure 5, page 6
MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c) (Modulus of Rupture)
WS = MR/FS
Ss = WS/(Pa/1000)
t = determined from Figure 3 above

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CONCRETE SLAB ON GRADE THICKNESS ANALYSIS

For Slab Subjected to Concentrated Post Loading (for k = 50 pci)
Per PCA "Slab Thickness Design for Industrial Concrete Floors on Grade" - Figure 7a, page 9
Job Name:
Subject:
Job Number:
Originator:
Checker:

###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Effective Load Contact Area Based on Slab Thickn

Load Contact
Area, Ac (in.^2)
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
Figure 7a Design Chart for Post Loads, subgrade k = 50 pci
###
###
Input Data:
Ac Index:
Concrete Strength, f 'c =
5000
Instructions for Use of Figure 7a:
###
psi
Subgrade Modulus, k =
50.00
1. Enter chart with slab stress = 16.32
Ac
pci
Post Load, P = 13000.00 lbs.
2. Move to right to eff. contact area = 76.34
###
Post Spacing, y =
98.00
3. Move to right to post spacing, y = 98
in.
Post Spacing, x =
66.00
4. Move up/down to post spacing, x = 66
in.
Load Contact Area, Ac =
64.00
5. Move to right to slab thickness, t
in.^2
Factor of Safety, FS =
3.00
Results:
Effective Contact Area, Ac(eff) =
Concrete Flexual Strength, MR =
Concrete Working Stress, WS =
Slab Stress/1000 lb. Post Load =
Slab Tickness, t =

76.34
636.40
212.13
16.32
10.800

in.^2
psi
psi
psi
in.

11 of 20

Ac(eff) = determined from Figure 5, page 6

MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c) (Modulus of Rupture)
WS = MR/FS
Ss = WS/(P/1000)
t = determined from Figure 7a above

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CONCRETE SLAB ON GRADE THICKNESS ANALYSIS

For Slab Subjected to Concentrated Post Loading (for k = 100 pci)
Per PCA "Slab Thickness Design for Industrial Concrete Floors on Grade" - Figure 7b, page 10
Job Name:
Subject:
Job Number:
Originator:
Checker:

###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Effective Load Contact Area Based on Slab Thickn

Load Contact
Area, Ac (in.^2)
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
Figure 7b Design Chart for Post Loads, subgrade k = 100 pci
###
###
Input Data:
Ac Index:
Concrete Strength, f 'c =
5000
Instructions for Use of Figure 7b:
###
psi
Subgrade Modulus, k = 100.00 pci
1. Enter chart with slab stress = 16.32
Ac
Post Load, P = 13000.00 lbs.
2. Move to right to eff. contact area = 70.03
###
Post Spacing, y =
98.00
3. Move to right to post spacing, y = 98
in.
Post Spacing, x =
66.00
4. Move up/down to post spacing, x = 66
in.
Load Contact Area, Ac =
64.00
5. Move to right to slab thickness, t
in.^2
Factor of Safety, FS =
3.00
Results:
Effective Contact Area, Ac(eff) =
Concrete Flexual Strength, MR =
Concrete Working Stress, WS =
Slab Stress/1000 lb. Post Load =
Slab Tickness, t =

70.03
636.40
212.13
16.32
9.800

in.^2
psi
psi
psi
in.

13 of 20

Ac(eff) = determined from Figure 5, page 6

MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c) (Modulus of Rupture)
WS = MR/FS
Ss = WS/(P/1000)
t = determined from Figure 7b above

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CONCRETE SLAB ON GRADE THICKNESS ANALYSIS

For Slab Subjected to Concentrated Post Loading (for k = 200 pci)
Per PCA "Slab Thickness Design for Industrial Concrete Floors on Grade" - Figure 7c, page 11
Job Name:
Subject:
Job Number:
Originator:
Checker:

###
###
###
###
###
###
###

Effective Load Contact Area Based on Slab Thickn

Load Contact
Area, Ac (in.^2)
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
Figure 7c Design Chart for Post Loads, subgrade k = 200 pci
###
###
Input Data:
Ac Index:
Concrete Strength, f 'c =
3000
Instructions for Use of Figure 7c:
###
psi
Subgrade Modulus, k = 200.00 pci
1. Enter chart with slab stress = 12.64
Ac
Post Load, P = 13000.00 lbs.
2. Move to right to eff. contact area = 68.02
###
Post Spacing, y =
98.00
3. Move to right to post spacing, y = 98
in.
Post Spacing, x =
66.00
4. Move up/down to post spacing, x = 66
in.
Load Contact Area, Ac =
64.00
5. Move to right to slab thickness, t
in.^2
Factor of Safety, FS =
3.00
Results:
Effective Contact Area, Ac(eff) =
Concrete Flexual Strength, MR =
Concrete Working Stress, WS =
Slab Stress/1000 lb. Post Load =
Slab Tickness, t =

68.02
492.95
164.32
12.64
9.200

in.^2
psi
psi
psi
in.

15 of 20

Ac(eff) = determined from Figure 5, page 6

MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c) (Modulus of Rupture)
WS = MR/FS
Ss = WS/(P/1000)
t = determined from Figure 7c above

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CONCRETE SLAB ON GRADE ANALYSIS

For Slab Subjected to Continuous Line Loading from Wall
Job Name:
Job Number:

Subject:
Originator:

Slab Thickness, t =
Concrete Strength, f 'c =
Subgrade Modulus, k =
Wall Load, P =

Checker:

Wall

Input Data:
8.000
4000
100
800.00

Wall

P
in.

P
Dowel
(at Joint)

psi

###
###
###
###
###
###
###
Top/Slab

pci

=
Bx =

lb./ft.

Pc =
###

(Subgrade)

Concrete Slab Loaded Near Center or at Joint

Pe =
###

Wall
P
Top/Slab

Iteration #
##
t
##
##
##

(Subgrade)

Results:

Concrete Slab Loaded Near Free Edge

Design Parameters:
Modulus of Rupture, MR =
Allow. Bending Stress, Fb =
Factor of Safety, FS =
Section Modulus, S =
Modulus of Elasticity, Ec =
Width, b =
Moment of Inertia, I =
Stiffness Factor, =
Coefficient, Bx =

##
MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c)
##
Fb = 1.6*SQRT(f 'c) (as recommended in reference below) ##
psi
FS = MR/Fb
##
S = b*t^2/6
#
in.^3/ft.
Ec = 57000*SQRT(f 'c)
#
psi
b = 12" (assumed)
#
in.
I = b*t^3/12
#
in.^4
= (k*b/(4*Ec*I))^(0.25)
#
Bx = coef. for beam on elastic foundation
#
#
Wall Load Near Center of Slab or Keyed/Doweled Joints:
#
Pc = 4*Fb*S*
Allowable Wall Load, Pc =
1040.30 lb./ft.
#
= 12.8*SQRT(f 'c)*t^2*(k/(19000*SQRT(f 'c)*t^3))^(0.25) #
Pc(allow) >= P, O.K. #
Wall Load Near Free Edge of Slab:
#
Pe = Fb*S*/Bx
Allowable Wall Load, Pe =
806.68
#
lb./ft.
= 9.9256*SQRT(f 'c)*t^2*(k/(19000*SQRT(f 'c)*t^3))^(0.25) #
Reference:
Pe(allow) >= P, O.K. #
"Concrete Floor Slabs on Grade Subjected to Heavy Loads"
#
Army Technical Manual TM 5-809-12, Air Force Manual AFM 88-3, Chapter 15 (1987)
#
#
Comments:
#
#
#
#
569.21
101.19
5.625
128.00
3604997
12.00
512.00
0.0201
0.3224

psi

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CONCRETE SLAB ON GRADE ANALYSIS

For Slab Subjected to Stationary Uniformly Distributed Live Loads
Job Name: INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX CHILCA
Job Number:

###
###
###
###
wLL(allow) =

Input Data:
*Aisle Width

Slab Thickness, t =
Concrete Strength, f 'c =
Subgrade Modulus, k =
Factor of Safety, FS =
Uniform Live Load, wLL =

7.500
3000
800
2.000
2700.00

in.

###
###

Subject: LOSA DE CONCRETO

Originator: JMC
Checker: JBE

wLL

wLL

psi

Top/Slab

pci

psf
(Subgrade)

Concrete Slab on Grade with Uniform Loads

*Note: in an unjointed aisleway between uniformly distributed load areas,

Iteration
negative bending moment in slab may be up to twice as great
as
positive moment in slab beneath loaded area. Allowable uniform
load determined below is based on critical aisle width and as a
result, there are no restrictions on load layout configuration or
uniformity of loading.

Results:
Design Parameters:
Modulus of Rupture, MR =
Allow. Bending Stress, Fb =
Modulus of Elasticity, Ec =
Poisson's Ratio, =
Radius of Stiffness, Lr =
Critical Aisle Width, Wcr =

492.95
246.48
3122019
0.15
19.36
3.56

psi
psi

in.
ft.

Stationary Uniformly Distributed Live Loads:

wLL(allow) = 2786.39 psf

MR = 9*SQRT(f 'c)
Fb = MR/FS
Ec = 57000*SQRT(f 'c)
= 0.15 (assumed for concrete)
Lr = (Ec*t^3/(12*(1-^2)*k))^0.25
Wcr = (2.209*Lr)/12

wLL(allow) = 257.876*Fb*SQRT(k*t/Ec)
wLL(allow) >= wLL, O.K.

Reference:
1. "Concrete Floor Slabs on Grade Subjected to Heavy Loads"
Army Technical Manual TM 5-809-12, Air Force Manual AFM 88-3, Chapter 15 (1987)
2. "Slab Thickness Design for Industrial Concrete Floors on Grade" (IS195.01D)
by Robert G. Packard (Portland Cement Association, 1976)
Comments:

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"GRDSLAB.xls" Program
Version 1.4
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