CHAPTER 9 CELL RESPIRATION

2) What is the term used for the metabolic pathway in which glucose (C6H12O6) is
degraded to carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and water?
A) cellular respiration
B) glycolysis
C) fermentation
D) citric acid cycle
E) oxidative phosphorylation
Answer: A
3) Which of the following statements concerning the metabolic degradation of glucose
(C6H12 O6) to carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and water is (are) true?
A) The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water is exergonic.
B) The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water has a free energy change of
-686 kcal/mol.
C) The breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water involves oxidation-reduction
or redox reactions. D) Only A and B are correct.
E) A, B, and C are correct.
Answer: E
4) Which of the following statements is (are) correct about an oxidation-reduction (or
redox) reaction? A) The molecule that is reduced gains electrons.
B) The molecule that is oxidized loses electrons.
C) The molecule that is reduced loses electrons.
D) The molecule that is oxidized gains electrons.
E) Both A and B are correct.
Answer: E
5) Which statement is not correct with regard to redox (oxidation-reduction) reactions?
A) A molecule is reduced if it loses electrons.
B) A molecule is oxidized if it loses electrons.
C) An electron donor is called a reducing agent.
D) An electron acceptor is called an oxidizing agent. E) Oxidation and reduction always
go together.
Answer: A
12) Which of the following statements about NAD+ is false?
A) NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. B) NAD+
has more chemical energy than NADH.
C) NAD+ is reduced by the action of dehydrogenases.
D) NAD+ can receive electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation.
E) In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis cannot function.
Answer: B
13) In order for NAD+ to remove electrons from glucose or other organic molecules,
which of the following must be true?
A) The organic molecule or glucose must be negatively charged in order to reduce the
positively charged NAD +.
B) Oxygen must be present to oxidize the NADH produced back to NAD+.

C) The free energy liberated when electrons are removed from the organic molecules
must be greater than the energy required to give the electrons to NAD+.
D) A and B are both correct.
E) A, B, and C are all correct.
Answer: C
18) Which of the following statements about glycolysis false?
A) Glycolysis has steps involving oxidation-reduction reactions.
B) The enzymes of glycolysis are located in the cytosol of the cell.
C) Glycolysis can operate in the complete absence of O2 .
D) The end products of glycolysis are CO2 and H2O.
E) Glycolysis makes ATP exclusively through substrate-level phosphorylation.
Answer: D
32) In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be
catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a carbon,
which is given off as a molecule of CO2, 2) is oxidized to form a two carbon compound
called acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A. These three steps result in the
formation of
A) acetyl CoA, O2, and ATP.
B) acetyl CoA, FADH2, and CO2.
C) acetyl CoA, FAD, H2 , and CO2.
D) acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2 .
E) acetyl CoA, NAD+, ATP, and CO2.
Answer: D
36) All of the following are functions of the citric acid cycle except
A) production of ATP.
B) production of NADH.
C) production of FADH2.
D) release of carbon dioxide.
E) adding electrons and protons to oxygen, forming water.
Answer: E

39) Starting with one molecule of citrate and ending with oxaloacetate, how many ATP
molecules can be formed from oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis)?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 11
E) 12
Answer: D
40) How many ATP molecules could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation
plus oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) if you started with three molecules of
succinyl CoA and ended with oxaloacetate? A) 6
B) 12
C) 18
D) 24
E) 36
Answer: C

43) Starting with citrate, how many of the following would be produced with three
turns of the citric acid cycle?
A) 1 ATP, 2 CO2 , 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2
B) 2 ATP, 2 CO2 , 1 NADH, and 3 FADH2
C) 3 ATP, 3 CO2 , 3 NADH, and 3 FADH2
D) 3 ATP, 6 CO2 , 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2
E) 38 ATP, 6 CO2, 3 NADH, and 12 FADH2
Answer: D
46) A young relative of yours has never had much energy. He goes to a doctor for help
and is sent to the hospital for some tests. There they discover his mitochondria can
use only fatty acids and amino acids for respiration, and his cells produce more lactate
than normal. Of the following, which is the best explanation of his condition?
A) His mitochondria lack the transport protein that moves pyruvate across the outer
mitochondrial membrane .
B) His cells cannot move NADH from glycolysis into the mitochondria.
C) His cells contain something that inhibits oxygen use in his mitochondria.
D) His cells lack the enzyme in glycolysis that forms pyruvate.
E) His cells have a defective electron transport chain, so glucose goes to lactate
instead of to acetyl CoA.
Answer: A
49) Where do the catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter into the citric acid
cycle?
A) pyruvate
B) malate or fumarate
C) acetyl CoA
D) -ketoglutarate
E) succinyl CoA
Answer: C
56) Which metabolic process is most closely associated with intracellular membranes?
A) substrate-level phosphorylation
B) oxidative phosphorylation
C) glycolysis
D) the citric acid cycle
E) alcohol fermentation
Answer: B
59) During aerobic cellular respiration, a proton gradient in mitochondria is generated
by ________ and used primarily for ________.
A) the electron transport chain; ATP synthesis
B) the electron transport chain; substrate-level phosphorylation
C) glycolysis; production of H2O
D) fermentation; NAD+ reduction
E) diffusion of protons; ATP synthesis
Answer: A
61) A major function of the mitochondrial inner membrane is the conversion of energy
from electrons to the stored energy of the phosphate bond in ATP. To accomplish this

function, the inner mitochondrial membrane must have all of the following features
except
A) carrier proteins to accept electrons from NADH.
B) integral, transverse ATP synthase.
C) proton pumps embedded in the membrane.
D) the electron transport chain of proteins.
E) high permeability to protons.
Answer: A
65) The primary function of the mitochondrion is the production of ATP. To carry out
this function, the 14 mitochondrion must have all of the following except
A) the membrane-bound electron transport chain carrier molecules.
B) proton pumps embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
C) enzymes for glycolysis.
D) enzymes for the citric acid cycle.
E) mitochondrial ATP synthase.
Answer: C
66) Which process could be compared to how rushing steam turns a water wheel? A)
the citric acid cycle
B) ATP synthase activity
C) formation of NADH in glycolysis
D) oxidative phosphorylation E) the electron transport system
Answer: B
67) How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be released from the
complete aerobic respiration of a molecule of sucrose (C12 H22 O11), a disaccharide?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 6
D) 12
E) 38
Answer: D
74) When glucose (C6H12O6) is oxidized to CO2 and water in cellular respiration,
approximately 40% of the energy content of glucose is transferred to
A) the citric acid cycle.
B) glycolysis.
C) ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
D) heat.
E) oxygen (O2 ).
Answer: C
77) Fermentation takes place in the
A) cytosol.
B) mitochondrial outer membrane.
C) mitochondrial inner membrane.
D) mitochondrial intermembrane space.
E) mitochondrial matrix.
Answer: C

80) Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation convert pyruvate to ________, and in this step
gain ________.
A) lactate; ATP
B) alcohol; CO2
C) alcohol; ATP
D) ATP; NADH2
E) lactate; NAD+
Answer: E
18 84) Which of the following is not true concerning the cellular compartmentation of
the steps of respiration or fermentation?
A) Acetyl CoA is produced only in the mitochondria.
B) Lactate is produced only in the cytosol.
C) NADH is produced only in the mitochondria.
D) FADH2 is produced only in the mitochondria.
E) ATP is produced in the cytosol and the mitochondria.
Answer: C
87) Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have
evolved? A) It produces much less ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation.
B) It is found in the cytosol, does not involve oxygen, and is present in most
organisms.
C) It is found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells.
D) It relies on chemiosmosis which is a metabolic mechanism present only in the first
cells-prokaryotic cells.
E) It requires the presence of membrane-enclosed cell organelles found only in
eukaryotic cells.
Answer: B
88) Molecules that can potentially be converted to intermediates of glycolysis and/or
the citric acid cycle include A) amino acids and proteins.
B) glycerol and fatty acids.
C) glucose and sucrose.
D) starch and glycogen.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
89) Which of the following organic molecules cannot be converted to an intermediate
of glycolysis?
A) fatty acids
B) amino acids
C) glucose and sucrose
D) glycerol
E) starch and glycogen
Answer: A
90) Which of the following is not a true statement?
A) Glycerol can be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, an intermediate of
glycolysis.

B) Beta oxidation breaks fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments that can enter the
citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA.
C) A gram of glucose oxidized by cellular respiration produces more than twice as
much ATP as a gram of fat oxidized by cellular respiration.
D) Proteins can be used as a fuel for cellular respiration, but their constituent amino
acids must first be converted to intermediates of glycolysis or the citric acid cycle.
E) Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are hydrolyzed to their constituent
monosaccharides before they are used as fuel molecules for respiration.
Answer: C