"great traditions"

"small traditions"

Alexander

Alexandria

aqueduct

Heritages including a written

language, common legal and
belief systems, ethical codes,
and other intellectual attitudes

Local customs and beliefs

Philip's son and heir; Crossed

over into Asia, defeated the
Persian forces of King Darius
III, and reached to the Punjab
region of modern Pakistan

First of the new cities laid

out by Alexander himself,
in Egypt

Long elevated or
underground conduits

Armenia

Ashoka

Augustus

Bantu

Bhagavad-Gita

In eastern Anatolia, a
battleground between Iranian
states to the south and east and
Mediterranean states to the
west
Chandragupta's son; Outstanding figure
in early Indian history; Engaged military
campaigns, converted to Buddhism and
preached nonviolence, morality, and
moderation

One of the many honorific

titles that the Roman Senate
gave Octavian ; connotes
prosperity and piety

Branch of the Niger-Congo

family consisting of more
than 300 languages spoken
south of the Equator

A self-contained episode
set in the midst of the
events in Mahabharata

Buddha

Byzantine Empire

Chang'an

Constantine

Cyrus

"the Enlightened one",

founder of Buddhism

Derived from
Constantinople's original
name, was a term for teh
empire in the Eastern realm
Base of Han dynasty from 23 to
220 C.E.; protected by a ring of
hills, surrounded by a wall of
pounded earth and brick for 15
miles.

King of the Roman Empire

from 306-337 C.E.,
reunited the entire empire
under his sole rule by 324
AKA Kurush, son of a Persian chieftain and a
Median princess; United the various Persian
tribes and overthrew the Median monarch
around 550 B.C.E.; placed Medes and
Persians in positions of responsibility and
retained the framework of Median rule

Darius I

democracy

equites

Ethiopia

Funan

(522-468 B.C.E) extended Persian

control eastward as far as Indus Valley
and westward into Europe; Promoted the
development of maritime routes;
Completed a canal linking Red Sea with
Nile

Exercise of political power

by all free adult males in
Greece
Class of well-to-do Italian
merchants and landowners
second in wealth and social
status only to the senatorial
class; allies of Augusutus

A country where Christian

missionaries were sent

First major Southeast

Asian center, labeled by
Chinese visitors

gentry

Gupta Empire

Han

Hellenistic Age

Herodotus

Class next in wealth below

the aristocrats

Another empire, smaller

than Mauryan Empire, of
India

Ruling dynasty of China

from 206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.

Epoch ushered in by the conquests of

Alexander, because the lands in
northeastern Africa and western Asia
that came under Greek rule were
powerfully influenced by Greek culture

(485-425 B.C.E.) Published his

Histories, which consisted of
geographic and ethnographic
reports, legends, folktales,
marvels, and wars

Hinduism

hoplite

Evolving of Vedic religion;

religion of hundreds of
millions of people in South
Asia today
Warfare developed by the Greeks
consisting of heavily armored
infantrymen who fought in close
formation; Protected by a helmet, a
breastplate, leg guards, shield, and
thrusting spear

Indian Ocean Maritime

System

Trade network across the

Indian Ocean and the
South China Sea

jati

Birth groups; castes

Jesus

A young carpenter from

the Galilee region in
northern Israel; Believed
to be the Messiah

karma

Mahabharata

Mahayana Buddhism

Malay peoples

Mauryan Empire

Deeds of a human life

Pageant that tells the story

of 2 sets of cousins whose
quarrel over succession of
the throne leads to a battle

Embraced popular new

features of Buddhism

Dominant population in
Southeast Asia; product of
several waves of migration
from southern China beginning
around 3000 BCE

India's first centralized

empire

moksha

"liberation"

monsoon

Seasonal wind

Parthians

A people originally from

the east of the Caspian Sea

patron/client relationship

Paul

Complex ties of obligation

bound together individuals and
families; Clients sought the
help and protection of patrons,
men of wealth and influence

A Jew from the city of Tarsus

in southeast Anatolia who
converted to Christianity;
Tried to spread Christianity

pax romana

Peloponnesian War

Pericles

Persepolis

Persian Wars

"Roman Peace", the safety

and stability guaranteed by
Roman might
War between Athenians
and Spartans; Dragged on
for nearly 30 years; Sparta
was victorious
Son of Pisistratus; took last
steps in the evolution of
Athenian democracy,
transferring all power to
popular organs of government
Built by Darius I and his son; used for
ceremonies of special importance to the
Persian king and people- coronations,
royal weddings, funerals, and the New
Year's festival.

2 Persian attacks on
Greece in the early fifth
century

polis

Ptolemies

Qin

Roman Principate

Roman Republic

Greek city-state consisting of

an urban center and the rural
territory that it controlled;
Various sizes and populations

Dynasty that ruled Egypt and sometimes

laid claim to Syria-Palestine; Able to take
over much of the administrative structure
of the pharaohs and to extract the
surplus wealth of the land

State of the Wei Valley;

created China's first
empire (221-206 B.C.E.)
Period following the Roman
Republic; Military dictators
being called "princeps",
first among equals
(507-31 B.C.E.) Non-democratic
republic where the sovereign power
resided in several assemblies, male
citizens were eligible to vote, but
wealthier classes had more of a say

Roman Senate

Romanization

sacrifice

Sahel

Sasanid Empire

Real center of power; Advisory

council, first to kings, then to
changing Republican officials;
Made policy and goverened

Spread of Latin language

and Roman way of life

central ritual of Greek religion;

performed at altars in front of
temples; Consisted of cakes,
wines, animals/meat

literally "the coast" in

Arabic

Empire in Iran that

brought a continuation of
the rivalry between Rome
and the Parthians

satrap

savanna

Shi Huangdi

Silk Road

Socrates

Persian governor who was

likely to be related or connected
by marriage to the royal family;
Collected and sent tribute to
the king

Tropical mass of land

covered by long grasses
and scattered forest

Founder of the Qin Empire

Trade route linking the

Mediterranean with China
by way of Mesopotamia,
Iran, and Central Asia
A philosopher who spread
ideas contrary to traditional
religious beliefs and
undermining morality.

steppes

stirrup

sub-Saharan Africa

Tamil kingdoms

theater-state

Flat semiarid masses of

land

One of the most important

inventions that came from the
Kushan people; gave rider far
greater stability in the saddle

Portion of Africa south of

the Sahara

Kingdoms of southern
India who were in frequent
conflict with one another
Relationship of ruler and
subjects through solemn
rituals, dramatic ceremonies,
and exciting cultural events

Theravada Buddhism

third-century crisis

trans-Saharan caravan
routes

trireme

tropical rain forest

Followed most of the

original teachings of the
founder in Buddhism
The period from 235-284 C.E.,
when political, military, and
economic problems beset and
nearly destroyed the Roman
Empire.

Trade routes via caravan

over the Sahara

A sleek, fast vessel

powered by 170 rowers,
warship of the Greeks

Mass of land with large

amounts of rainfall and
flora

tyrant

varna

Vedas

Zoroastrianism

A person who seized and held

power in violation of the
normal political institutions
and traditions of the
community

Class system dividing

based on "color"/"class"

Religious texts that are our

main source of information
about the Vedic age
Religion of the Persians/
Origins are said to be from
Zoroaster. He revealed that the
world had been created by
Ahuramazda