Annotated Bibliographies

Primary Sources:
Formal military formations were rare in Tay Ninh. In this case, four members of the
PRU were awarded Bronze Stars for bravery during an operation with the US
Armys 25th Infantry Division. Photo courtesy of the author. Digital image.
Central Intelligence Agency. N.p., 12 June 2007. Web. 30 Nov. 2014.
<https://www.cia.gov/library/>.
The image used shows four men receiving bronze stars for their bravery in the
U.S. Army's 25th Infantry Unit, which helped understand the significance of their
help to the U.S.
The Man Nobody Knew. Dir. Carl Colby. Prod. Carl Colby, Grace Guggenheim, and
David Johnson. Perf. Barbra Colby and Carl Colby. First Run Features, 2011. The
Man Nobody Knew. 23 Sept. 2011. Web. 26 Nov. 2014.
<https://play.google.com/store/movies/details/The_Man_Nobody_Knew>.
This movie was beneficial to my project; it gave me a different perspective on my
topic. It was very insightful and helped me understand William Egan Colby.
The Tay Ninh Provincial Reconnaissance Unit (PRU) and Its Role in the Phoenix
Program, 1969-70. Digital image. Central Intelligence Agency. N.p., 12 June
2007. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. <https://www.cia.gov/library/>.
The image used had a map of Vietnam on it and how each part was sectioned off and
the names of them. This helped show where the Phoenix Program was working.
William Colby pictured on a poster attacking the Phoenix program. CIA History Staff file
photo. Date unknown. Digital image. Central Intelligence Agency. N.p., 12 June
2007. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. <https://www.cia.gov/library>.
This showed that the Vietnamese had found out what was going on and needed to
react. So the Vietnamese made this poster. This also helps me understand how the
VietCong felt about William Colby.
William Egan Colby, 10th Director of Central Intelligence. 1970's. Central
Intelligence Agency, Langley, Virginia. The CIA World Factbook. Web. 26
Nov. 2014. <http://www.cia.gov/>.
The picture was one of the best I had seen and found it as a primary source through
the CIA World Factbook.

Interview:
Colby, Carl. "Carl Colby- The Son of the CIA Director." E-mail interview. 11 Jan.
2015.

I did a personal interview with William Colbys son, Carl Colby. A renowned
film producer and director who filmed The Man Nobody Knew about his
father and his life as a legendary CIA spymaster. Mr. Carl Colby was able to
shed some light and answer questions about William Colby which helped me
better understand the his lifes decisions.

Secondary Sources:
AeonPax. "Phoenix Program." - The NewsTalkers. The Newstalker, 23 Dec. 2014.
Web. 27 Dec. 2014. <http://thenewstalkers.com
I found the badge or patch that the CIA Phoenix Program Organization had
issued to their members and found it very interesting to see the Vietnamese
undertones in it.
Cartoon Book 2554. Digital image. PSYOP OF THE STRATEGIC HAMLET IN
VIETNAM. N.p., Sept. 1962. Web. 11 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.psywarrior.com
This is a picture is a cartoon of the Vietnamese civilians in their hamlet, all of the
civilians are happy because of all of the help from the U.S. troops.
Chilman, Timothy. "Phoenix." Phoenix. Academia, n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.academia.edu/4604294/Phoenix>.
On this website, theres a picture of a hamlet or, a small settlement which is
generally smaller than a village, but in these hamlets they have defensive
walls.
"Combat." Australia and the Vietnam War. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2015. <http://vietnamwar.commemoration.gov.au/combat/the-other-side.php>.
In this picture, it shows three men who were captured and are on the waiting
list for interrogation. Also, on the website, there was a picture that I used to
show that they would capture anybody that might have or has any relevance
with the Viet Cong.
Department of Defense. "Vietnamese Paratroopers Jump from U.S. Air Force C-123."
National Archives - OPA - Online Public Access. Department of the Air Force, Mar.
1963. Web. 10 Jan. 2015. <http://research.archives.gov/description/542293>.
This image shows that there would be hundreds of paratroopers being dropped at
once, behind enemy lines to flank the VietCongs.
"Flash Slideshow." Cincopa. N.p., 2015. Web. 12 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.cincopa.com/media-platform/flash-slideshow>.
I used this website to make a panel of articles that are used to help describe the
relation to the 21st century
Hampton, Howard. "William Colby." Academic Search Elite. EBSCO, n.d. Web. 1

Nov. 2014. <http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/.

This source helped me acquire a factual timeline and information about William
and his covert operations that were conducted in Sweden and Italy for U.S. policy
objective, his involvement as a director of Civil Operations and Rural Development
Support (CORDS), and when served as a deputy Director of Operations.
JoczProductions. "The Cold War & the Domino Theory." YouTube. YouTube, 3 May
2014. Web. 03 Jan. 2015.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=1JNHyDOWdYw>.
This video helped me show how devastating the theory was and how the U.S.
Government needed to stop the spread of Communism so the surrounding
countries wouldnt collapse to communism.
Lewis, Jon E. "The Phoenix Program." The Mammoth Book of Covert Ops. London:
Robinson, 2014. 457-89. Print.
I used this book for my bibliographies because it taught me about different U.S
Military organizations during that time. For instance, the S.M.M. (Saigon Military
Mission) and the O.S.S. (Office of Strategic Services). I learned that the C.I.A.s
P.R.U.s (Provincial Reconnaissance Units).
"M I L I T A R Y R O O M." : Miliitary Operation In History Part 3. Selasa, 29 Apr.
2014. Web. 27 Dec. 2014. <http://military-room.blogspot.com
This picture showed the men who were supposed members of the Viet Cong.
Page, Tim. "Tim Page on History." Photography and the Vietnam War. Radio Australia, 20
May 2013. Web. 11 Jan. 2015. <http://www.radioaustralia.net.au
In the image I used, it shows a man pointing a gun at another man. The picture also
showed that the members of the Phoenix Program had no respect for people of the
Viet Cong.
Prados, John. "Exhilaration of War." Lost Crusader: The Secret Wars of CIA Director
William Colby. New York: Oxford UP, 2003. 164-88. Print.
I used this book to aid me in my search, and I found that Kong Les militants
called neutralists reintegrated with the royalists. Also I learned that Hmong had
a secret army of 19,000 troops and growing into a sum of 23,000
troops.
Robberson, Tod. "Book Review: Shadow Warrior: The Life of William Egan Colby, by
Randall B. Woods." Book Review: Shadow Warrior: The Life of William Egan
Colby,. Randall B. Woods, 6 Apr. 2013. Web. 10 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.dallasnews.com/entertainment/books
I used this webpage to find pictures of William E. Colby in his military
when he was younger, before the CIA

uniform

"Stop Torture." Stop Torture RSS. The Harvard Anti-Torture Coalition, 17 Oct. 2007. Web.
11 Jan. 2015. <http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/stoptorture/2007/10/17/>.
The soldiers in Vietnam were using the waterboarding technique on an
uncooperative enemy suspect near Da Nang in 1968 to try to collect information
from him.
Smith, Brandon. "The CIA's Phoenix Assassination Program LewRockwell.com."
LewRockwell, 28 Aug. 2014. Web. 12 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.lewrockwell.com
This article was very helpful because it helped describe the assassinations that were
planned in various missions
"SoundBible.com." Military Helicopter Sounds. N.p., 18 May 09. Web. 27 Dec. 2014.
<http://soundbible.com/323-Military-Helicopters
This was a sound file that I used to add the sound of helicopters that were in the
Vietnam time era.
The Huey became a symbol of U.S. combat forces in Vietnam. Digital image. Helicopter
History. N.p., 1997. Web. 2 Dec. 2014. <http://www.helis.com/60s/h_h1nam.php>.
I loved this image and found it very beneficial because its exactly what I
pictured in my mind that South Vietnam would look like.
Thomas, Marshall G. "Phoenix Program Vietnam (#42)." YouTube. YouTube, 11 Dec. 2006.
Web. 27 Dec. 2014. <https://www.youtube.com/watch
I used this to help describe what the Phoenix Program did and how it effected the
United States of America.
Thomas, Evan. "The Reluctant Spymaster." Academic Search Elite. EBSCO, n.d. Web. 1
Nov. 2014. <http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?
While reading this source I found out that he was considered the ultimate
soviet double agent and during the 60's and 70's the Phoenix Program, that he was
in charge of, had eliminated 20,000 Vietnamese.
"Tiki Toki." Tiki Toki. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2015. <http://tikitoki.com/>.
I used this website to make a timeline for my topic to show when William was
involved in organizations like for instance the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) or
the Office of Strategic Services (OSS).
"US Led Forces Kill 4 Civilian Afghan Women." Jafria News. N.p., 16 May 2011. Web. 15
Jan. 2015. <http://jafrianews.com/2011/05/17/us-led-forces-kill-4-civilian-afghanwomen/>.
This site helped me show that when the U.S. was targeting suspected terrorists, they
would even kill women and children

Valentine, Douglas. "Phoenix, Assassination and Blowback in Iraq." CounterPunch -- Tells

the Facts, Names the Names. CounterPunch, 8 Apr. 2004. Web. 12 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.counterpunch.org
I used this article to help me better describe my topic and become the expert and
learn more about the topic.
"Vietnam War: Leaders." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 10 Jan.
2015. <http://www.history.com/photos/vietnam-war-presidents-and-policymakers/photo6>.
In this image it shows John Kennedy talking about the main spot of the
and where they will be placing troops.

VietCong

William Colby and the Phoenix Program. Digital image. Blogspot. N.p., n.d. Web. 27
Dec. 2014. <http://1.bp.blogspot.com/
This image really helped me show his work with the South Vietnamese
the help he gave them.
"William Egan Colby." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. 6th ed. New York:
UP, 2013. Academic Search Elite. Web. 10 Oct. 2014.
<http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/command/detail

citizens and
Colombia

I used this source from this database and I found out that, he served in the
Office of Strategic Services, to then be dropped behind enemy lines, in German
occupied France with a parachute, also that the Phoenix Program was actually called
the Phoenix Intelligence Program.
Woods, Randall Bennett. Shadow Warrior: William Egan Colby and the CIA. New
York: Basic, 2013. Print.
This quote proves that over time Colbys counter insurgent techniques would
become beneficial only if we remained vigilant. Also, William Colby was the
Director of the Phoenix Program. This program led
to the gathering of
intelligence that played a key role in the US military forces fight against the
Viet Cong.
Zoroya, Gregg. "How the IED Changed the U.S. Military." USA Today. Gannett, 19 Dec.
2013. Web. 15 Jan. 2015.
<http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/12/18/ied-10-years-blastwounds-amputations/3803017/>.
This site helped me show that the U.S. was trying to make new weapons for the
military to use to make the warfare in Afghanistan quicker and more efficient.
"2015 Theme & Topic Ideas." National History Day in Rhode Island. National History Day,
2014. Web. 03 Dec. 2014. <http://www.nhdrhodeisland.org/2015-theme--topicideas.html>.

I found the theme to be benefitting for my website, and I enjoyed the visual
effect it had on my website.