Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources

Pictures
"NYPD's Controversial 'Stop and Frisk' Policy Ruled Unconstitutional." NY Daily
News. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.
This picture shows how people are against the stop and frisk law. They are against
it because they believe cops just stop people for being a certain race. So they fight
against it. This help my NHD group because we are now aware of the good and
the bad things about the stop and frisk law. We now know both sides of the story.
Ohio Historical Markers: Detective Martin J. McFadden This is my Cleveland. 3 January
2013. Web. 2 November 2014.
<https://thisismycleveland.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/100_3051.jpg>

The picture of the memorial is about the detective who illegally searched two
men who seemed suspicious and they had weapons in their possession. It not only
gives me a more detailed summary of McFaddens search and arrest, but also the
information of how the city embraced and uplifts him by making a memorial for
him.
"Stop and Frisk." TheFreeDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2014."
This website defines what stop and frisk is. It clearly states what it is. This site
will help us with our project because it gives us a clear statement as to what stop
and frisk actually means.
"Stop-and-Frisk Data | New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU) - American Civil
Liberties Union of New York State." Stop-and-Frisk Data | New York Civil
Liberties Union (NYCLU) - American Civil Liberties Union of New York State.
N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2014.
This website will help my group with our project because it is data of New Yorkers being stopped and frisked. Most of these people were innocent but it will help
us show people who see our project understand that the Terry V. Ohio influenced
the stop and frisk law quite a lot.

Terry v. Ohio." Americancivics9spsd -. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.

This website includes a picture of a man being frisked. The Terry V. Ohio is all
about being stopped and frisked. This picture will help with our project it shows
that this law was and still is in action. They took the law seriously and is still being used today.
Warren Case. N.d. N.p.
This picture will help me with my NHD project because it shows the judges of a
different case that were going through almost the same trial as the Terry V. Ohio
case. It shows the judges who were for and against the issue
Videos
"Understanding Stop & Frisk and Vehicle Stop Procedures." YouTube. N.p., n.d.
Web. 20 Nov. 2014.
This video will help my group better understand what stop and frisk really is. It is
a video showing exactly what they do and the process that goes with it. This will
help us with NHD because we can use this video to show what the Terry V Ohio
case created.
Websites
A report on arrests arising from the New York City Police Departments Stop-and-Frisk
practices New York State Office of the Attorney General. Eric T. Schneiderman. November 2013. Web. 15 October 2014.
<http://www.ag.ny.gov/pdfs/
OAG_REPORT_ON_SQF_PRACTICES_NOV_2013.pdf>

This file is the official report of the arrests in the New York Police Department
from the stop and frisk practices. This document provides the patterns, charges,
cases, and perspectives of the SQF arrests. I am able to understand why and how
the stop and frisk practice was deemed unconstitutional from the evidence, statistics, and court cases.

A Resource Guide on Racial Profiling Data Collection Systems US Department of Justice.North Eastern University. November 2000. Web. 15 October 2014.
<https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/bja/184768.pdf>

This document provides opinions, findings, and conclusions on the racial profiling
and the decrease in crime rate. This guides purpose is the inform citizens that the
trust between the police and the population must be upheld and maintained.
Through this resource guide, I am able to collect information of the racial profiling from law enforcement officers, and the effect it had especially with the stop
and frisk law.

"Fourth Amendment." LII / Legal Information Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct.
2014.
This website will help with my research because it explains what the fourteenth
amendment is. This is important to understand because the case we are covering
is mostly about what the fourteenth amendments is implying.
Report on Arrest of John Wodall Terry, Richard D. Chilton, and Karl Katz. Police Department Cleveland, Ohio Departmental Information. Martin McFadden. 31 October 1963. Web. 19 November 2014.
<http://chiefweems.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/mcfadden-form-1.jpg>

This document is a police report written by Detective Martin McFadden to Sargent Michael Haney. He was reporting the search he did on Terry, Chilton, and
Katz, where he found that two of them were in possession of guns. He requesting
for the two guns to be turned into ballistics and will be used as evidence. From
this document, I learned more details on McFaddens arrest, like the time, the
place, and his observations.
Supreme Court hears city Stop-Frisk case Western Reserve Historical Society. Press Washington Bureau.12 December 1967. Web. 2 November 2014
<http://www.stokescleveland.org/timeline/Stop-Frisk.pdf>

This is a newspaper article before the jurisdiction of the Supreme Courts ruling
of the Stop-Frisk case regarding the protection of the Fourth Amendment.
Through this document, I am able to comprehend first hand, the publics views of
the court case and different views on whether it

Terry v. Ohio- Oral Argument Oyez. The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of
Law. 12 December 1967. Web. 02 November 2014.
<http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1967/1967_67#argument>

This website provides the audio version and also the transcript text of the Terry v.
Ohio case. It also gives an overview of the Supreme Court members, and the
cases basic facts. I obtained the almost realistic experience of the court room and
the debate through the oral argument. The oral argument will benefit my project
because it will enhance a different spectrum and creates a variety in the recourses
I have.

Secondary Source
Websites
A Long Step Down the Totalitarian Path: Justice Douglass Great Dissent in Terry V.
Ohio. Mississippi Law Journal. Butler, Paul. 15 December 2009. Web. 18 November
2014.
<http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/ncjrl/pdf/2009%20Butler.pdf>

This document provides insight on Justice Douglass view of the Terry v. Ohio
case. The decision and voting of the case was eight to one, Douglas was that one
vote. This document is an article written by Paul Butler writing about Douglass
life. It includes how Terry from the Terry v Ohio case relates to Douglas, and his
background life growing up, as well as his opinions on police actions and discrimination. With this information, I am able to not only get an opposing view on the
Terry V Ohio case, but also a better understanding of how police officers abuse
their power.

ARTICLES.Jurimetrics Journal 10.2 (1969): 73-77. Stopping the Usual Suspects:

Race a nd the Fourth Admendment. Web.
<defaultfilespdFNYULawReview-74-4-Thompson.pdf>.
This article is about the fourth amendment and the Terry v. Ohio case, and
how these cases helped stop crime in the United States. This article explains
how the crime rate dropped and why it was so important for that to happen.
All the evidence and reasons to stop the crime rate are described in this article.
FBIFBI, 17 Mar. 2010. Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/crimestats>.
This site gives the statistics of the police and the crime rates dropping. It was very
crucial for these statistics to come out because it made a major difference in the
crime rates. This site also explains what and how the rates dropped.
"Floyd v. City of New York." - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 20
Nov. 2014.
This website is about another court case dealing with the same issues as the Terry
V Ohio case. By looking at this case my NHD group and I will be able to compare
and contrast both cases and see how this has been a big issue in the past.
"Historical Events for 1960." HIstory Orb. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2014."
This website will help me with historical events that were going on before and
after the Terry V. Ohio case. We will be able to discuss what was going on before
the case, and find out why exactly the case went to court.
Landmark Supreme Court Cases United States Courts. Administrative Office of the US
courts.n.d. web. 15 October 2014.
<http://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/get-informed/supreme-court/landmark-supreme-court-cases.aspx>

This site provides the jurisdiction and summary of some Supreme Court cases,
including the Terry vs. Ohio case 1968. This summary includes the statement that
Stop and Frisks do not violate the Constitution under certain circumstances. This
summary of the case allows me to understand the Supreme Courts decision of the
case.

"Marker #65-18 Detective Martin J. McFadden." Remarkable Ohio. N.p., n.d. Web.
17 Oct. 2014.
This website will help me with my NHD project because it goes in detail about
the main person who was involved in the case we are researching. It gives valuable information about him and helps me understand where he is coming from,
from his opinions.
"News and Events of 1970." Infoplease. Infoplease, n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.
This website will help my group with our NHD project figure out longer term
consequences of the Terry V. Ohio case. We can see how this case effected future
historical events, whether it be good or bad.
"Stop-and-Frisk Is All but Gone From New York." The New York. Times. Bostock, Mike,
and Ford Fessenden. 18 Sept. 2014. Web. 18 November 2014.
<http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/09/19/nyregion/stop-and-friskis-all-but-gone-from-new-york.html?_r=0>

This site has graphs, charts, and statistics on how the stop and frisk has affected
crime rates in different cities in New York. With this information I am able to see
the short term and long term effects from the courts decision and ruling. I have
learned which cities have had more stops from police officers and how those stops
correlate with crimes. I am also able to see an overview of the entire stop and
frisk acts by police in the whole city of New York, along with the statistics of
stops according to ethnicity.
Stop-and-Frisk didnt make New York safer The Atlantic. Donald Braman. 26 March
2014. Web. 15 October 2014.
<http://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2014/03/stop-and-frisk-didnt-makenew-york-safer/359666/>

The article published online about the Stop and Frisk debates whether the new
law provided support in decreasing crime in New York. It provides many statistics
on the rate of crime in not only New York but other cities that have a high rate of
criminal activity. With this data, I am able to compare the differences of the rate
of crime and also get a better understanding of the opposing view on Stop and
Frisk.

Stop and Frisk: The Human Impact. Center for Constitutional Rights. July 2012. Web. 20
November 2014.
<http://stopandfrisk.org/the-human-impact-report.pdf>

This report is a collection of interviews of New Yorkers provided by the Center of

Constitutional Rights. These interviews include peoples experiences with police
officers who have stopped and frisked them, and their opinions and views of
how the officers acted and their misuse of stop and frisk. With this information
and the interviews I am able to see a different point of view of the stop and frisk
and how officers conduct themselves.
"Terry v. Ohio | Casebriefs." Casebriefs. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2014. <http://
www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/criminal-procedure/criminal-procedure-keyed-toweinreb/the-fourth-amendment-arrest-and-search-and-seizure/terry-v-ohio-4/>.
This site provided exact information about the history and facts of the Terry v.
Ohio case, and it has summaries about this case to explain to the readers about
this case. This site also includes explanation about the amendments.
"Survey Finds Violent Crime Increase for Second Year in a Row." PBS. PBS,
n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/survey-finds-violent-crimeincrease-for-second-year-in-a-row/>.
This site gives the statistics of the police and the crime rates dropping. It was very
crucial for these statistics to come out because it made a major difference in the
crime rates. This site also explains what and how the rates dropped.
"Terry v. Ohio | Law Enforcement Today." Law Enforcement Today. N.p., n.d. Web.
20 Nov. 2014.<http://www.lawenforcementtoday.com/tag/terry-v-ohio/>.
This site gives the significance of the Terry v. Ohio court case and it has
summaries about this case to explain to the readers in an easier format. This
site also includes explanation about the the crime rates dropping, and why
that was so significant.
Terry v. Ohio." LII / Legal Information Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Oct. 2014.
This primary source will help me with my research on the Terry V. Ohio case because in goes into great detail about the entire and is an official legal document. It
will help me understand both sides of the cases more and comprehend why they
decided what they did.

"Terry v. Ohio - Significance, The Supreme Court Decision, Stop And Frisk
Searches." - Officer, Petitioner, Constitutional, and Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d.
Web. 20 Nov. 2014
This website talks about the significance of the Terry V Ohio case. It also talks
about the short and long term consequences of the stop and frisk law. This help
my NHD group because we can put this information on our website under short
and long term consequences.
TERRY v. OHIO. Terry v. Ohio. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.oyez.org/cases/1960-1969/1967/1967_67>.
This site provided exact information about the history and facts of the Terry v.
Ohio case, and it has summaries about this case to explain to the readers about
this case. This site also includes explanation about the amendments.
The Effectiveness of Stop and Frisk in the United States.Lamberth Consulting. Lamberth,
John. n.d. web. 20 November 2015. http:www.jjay.cuny.eduUS_Lamberth_The_Effectiveness_of_Stop_and_Frisk_in_the_United_StatesFinal.pdf

This article written by John Lamberth includes data, statistics, and an overall
summary about the effectiveness of stop and frisk. It provides a bar graph that
compares cities throughout time corresponding to police searches. With the data I
am able to see the effects of stop and frisk nationwide.
Violent and Property Crime in the US--Crime in America." Crime in America.
N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.crimeinamerica.net/crime-rates-united-states/>.
This site gives the statistics of the police and the crime rates dropping. It was very
crucial for these statistics to come out because it made a major difference in the
crime rates. This site also explains what and how the rates dropped.
"When Can the Police Stop and Frisk You on the Street?" Legalzoom.com. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2014.
This website is about when and where police can perform the stop and frisk law. It
even talks a little bit how the Terry V Ohio case has influenced this law. This
website will help my group because it tells you when it is appropriate to do this
procedure.

Why did you draw your gun? How the law encourages police brutality Salon. Joshua
Michtom. 31 October 2014. Web. 2 November 2014.
<http://www.salon.com/2014/10/31/why_did_you_draw_your_gun
%e2%80%9d_how_the_law_encourages_police_brutality/>

This article in the newspaper gives me insight of the objectives of the court case
Terry v. Ohio, and the defense of why it should not be permitted. It may be somewhat biased and against the governments decision, however I am able to see a
different point of view of the case.
"What Reduced Crime in New York City." What Reduced Crime in New York City.
N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2014. <http://www.nber.org/digest/jan03/
w9061.html>.
This site gives the statistics of the police and the crime rates dropping. It was very
crucial for these statistics to come out because it made a major difference in the
crime rates.
"72 St. John's Law Review 1998 Terry v. Ohio: A Practically Perfect Doctrine Terry
and the Fourth Amendment: Marvel or Mischief." 72 St. John's Law Review
1998 Terry v. Ohio: A Practically Perfect Doctrine Terry and the Fourth
Amendment: Marvel or Mischief. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov
2014.<handle=hein.journals/stjohn72&div=38&id=&page=>.
This site gives the significance of the Terry v. Ohio court case and it has
summaries about this case to explain to the readers in an easier format. This site
also includes explanation about the the crime rates dropping, and why that was so
significant.
"74 Mississippi Law Journal 2004-2005 Terry v. Ohio at Thirty-Five: A Revisionist
View Symposium - The Tools to Interpret the Fourth Amendment." 74
Mississippi Law Journal 2004-2005 Terry v. Ohio at Thirty-Five: A Revisionist
View Symposium - The Tools to Interpret the Fourth Amendment. N.p., n.d.
Web. 20 Nov. 2014.<http:mislj74&div=23&id=&page=>.
This site gives the significance of the Terry v. Ohio court case and it has
summaries about this case to explain to the readers in an easier format. This site
also includes explanation about the the crime rates dropping, and why that was so
significant.