Dont become a terrorist to fight terrorism Is possible to think of war as a moral always measured in why and how thought, and always possible to 3 traditions, ways of thinking about war as interlocking traditions of different forms of moral argument o 1) Instinctive terms are contradictory Pacifism systematic argument that war is always immoral rooted in religion or ethical o 2) Direct contradiction of pacifist Classical Realism no room for morality realism - Classical realist position Athenians challenged by Melayans people we will say we are declining the strong do what they will and the weak do what they must there is no room for moral considerations was is outside the moral universe o 3) Just War 5th century essential assertion that counters both of the above some uses of war are morally acceptable Task build a structured framework to address war o 2 audiences Public policy hold its own in political strategic debate Individuals statespersons or military or citizens how do we judge when the states says it is time to large scale taking of human life When can force be used, why can it be used, Presumption exception a rationally excepted case by which one lives by that are because of the we live by a principle of doing no harm to neighbors; an exception is not an excuse or a rationalization or just saying it sin our interest to go to war Absolute rule admits no exception How can one build a reason for war o Why what kinds of events give the right its now time to engage in large-scale taking of human life 3 situations 1. To defend life when there is aggression with another people or state, human rights, taking life 2. To defend justice to defend against genocide, large scale of violations of human rights 3. Domestic politics when people live under a government in which a government deprives people of human rights. Aquinas when the government becomes the enemy of everybody. To defend fundamental order in human affairs
o When When it is legitimate
Augustine of Hippo Tradition of turn the other cheek in 5 century he made a distinction I will give my life, but if there is another party, those who have responsibility have broader duties and rights to defend lives as part of the sovereign state (e.g. who has right to duty The right intention what is the logic moralist must probe the case Last resort Demonstrate good faith by actions short of war diplomacy, sanctions, (Not just always one more conference in Geneva) Moral possibility of success force should be used thinking of ends and means than the reason for winning Proportionality if justification is to prevent a great harm, then dont do a greater harm 1956 Hungarians against Soviets even if just we could not put NATO into Hungary would have led to larger war o How is war fought when its justified War is obviously measured by how it is fought more important now such as air power and nuclear weapons War is a blunt justification with unintended consequences