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Fr.

Hearly on Just War

Can think about war strategically, morally,


Dont become a terrorist to fight terrorism
Is possible to think of war as a moral always measured in why and
how thought, and always possible to
3 traditions, ways of thinking about war as interlocking traditions of
different forms of moral argument
o 1) Instinctive terms are contradictory Pacifism systematic
argument that war is always immoral rooted in religion or
ethical
o 2) Direct contradiction of pacifist Classical Realism no room
for morality realism - Classical realist position Athenians
challenged by Melayans people we will say we are declining
the strong do what they will and the weak do what they must
there is no room for moral considerations was is outside the
moral universe
o 3) Just War 5th century essential assertion that counters both
of the above some uses of war are morally acceptable
Task build a structured framework to address war
o 2 audiences
Public policy hold its own in political strategic debate
Individuals statespersons or military or citizens how do
we judge when the states says it is time to large scale
taking of human life
When can force be used, why can it be used,
Presumption exception a rationally excepted case by which one lives
by that are because of the we live by a principle of doing no harm to
neighbors; an exception is not an excuse or a rationalization or just
saying it sin our interest to go to war
Absolute rule admits no exception
How can one build a reason for war
o Why what kinds of events give the right its now time to engage
in large-scale taking of human life
3 situations
1. To defend life when there is aggression with
another people or state, human rights, taking life
2. To defend justice to defend against genocide,
large scale of violations of human rights
3. Domestic politics when people live under a
government in which a government deprives people
of human rights. Aquinas when the government
becomes the enemy of everybody. To defend
fundamental order in human affairs

o When When it is legitimate


Augustine of Hippo Tradition of turn the other cheek in 5
century he made a distinction I will give my life, but if
there is another party, those who have responsibility have
broader duties and rights to defend lives as part of the
sovereign state (e.g. who has right to duty
The right intention what is the logic moralist must probe
the case
Last resort Demonstrate good faith by actions short of
war diplomacy, sanctions, (Not just always one more
conference in Geneva)
Moral possibility of success force should be used thinking
of ends and means than the reason for winning
Proportionality if justification is to prevent a great harm,
then dont do a greater harm 1956 Hungarians against
Soviets even if just we could not put NATO into Hungary
would have led to larger war
o How is war fought when its justified War is obviously measured
by how it is fought more important now such as air power and
nuclear weapons
War is a blunt justification with unintended consequences

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