Hindi Script Book - Sarvabhashin

Hindi
n d i
sarvabhshin
Script
The Hindi letters and words described in this book are each accompanied by a pronunciation key in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Please refer to these IPA keys for the exact pronunciation of a Hindi letter or word. The IPA is a scientific notation used for accurately transcribing the sounds of most human languages. More about the IPA can be found at http://www.yorku.ca/earmstro/ipa/ and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipa . The similarities describedin this book between the pronunciations of Hindi letters and corresponding English letters are only guidelines and should be considered as such.
http://tiny.cc/sarvabhashin
This letter has a sound similar to k in skip
This letter has a sound similar to g in go
These are the letters weve just seen
This letter has a sound similar to p in speak
This letter has a sound similar to b in bat
These are the letters weve seen so far
This letter has a sound similar to tch in catch
10
This letter has a sound similar to dge in badge
11

12
Notice that all the letters weve seen so far have this sign below them
in
If we remove this sign, then the pronunciation of the letters changes slightly. The letters are then pronounced with this vowel after them
This vowel is pronounced similar to a America
13
This is how the letters look when the sign
is removed,
that is, when the vowel is added to them

14
This sign has a sound similar to i in pin This sign is written before a letter
15
This is how the sign for is written

Note that the sign
16

below the letter is removed for writing this sign b
This sign has a sound similar to u in bull Thissign is written below a letter
17

Note that the sign
18

below the letter is removed for writing this sign b
Look at these sequences made from the letters and signs weve just seen

ppp
kkk

bbb

Notice how letters in a word are all joined by the line at the top
19
Some more sequences

In short
kkk
but
kkk
Notice the change in shape of the letters?
+ +
= =
kk
kk
20
Have a look at this list

of the forms having
Therefore, the half letter forms are like a different version
below them
They occur at the beginning or in between a word, but not at the end of a word
21
Here are combinations of the half letter forms of the letters weve seen, along with the forms containing the vowel

b p
+ + + + + +
= = = = = =
kk
p b
pp bb

22

b p
+ + + + + +
= = = = = =
kk
p b
pp
bb

23
Similar combinations containing the vowel
kk
+ + + + + +
= = =
pp
bb
Notice anything different?

24
The half letters appear after the sign

containing the sign
So, if a half letter has to appear along with a letter
the half letter appears after this sign
25
Lets try some more combinations of joining letters
+ + = + +
k p b
kb

kp
+ + =
26
This letter has a sound similar to y in yo-yo
27
This letter has a sound similar to r in Italian Roma This is a rolled /r/, as in Spanish or Italian
28
This letter has a sound similar to l in lad
29
This letter has a sound similar to v in victory
30

31
This is how the sign for is written on these letters

Note that the sign

below the letter is removed for writing this sign
32

Note that the sign
33

Note that the sign
Also, notice the special form of the letter r
34
Look at these combinations containing the half letter forms of the letters weve just seen

lll
jjj
rrr
35
r likes being different from the rest
The half letter form of
r jumps on top of the next letter

lrl
jrj
rrr
36
This is how the half letter forms of these letters look (besides
r)
Weve already seen the behavior of the half letter form of on the previous page
37
+ + + +
= = = =
jj
rr
ll
38
+ + + +
= =
jj
rr
= =
ll
Watch out for rr
39
Similar combinations containing the vowel
jj
+ + + +
= =
rr
ll
r and its derivatives trouble us again, this time rr
40
Some more heartache caused by
Look at these letter combinations

b p
+ + + + + +

41
= = = = = =
kr r pr br r r
r r r r r
More to come J
+ + +
= = =
jr lr r
r r
Remember how rr is written
42
These letters look similar and behave similarly
43
In Hindi, when the sound ends a word, sit is usually not pronounced
So, for instance
kr
not
is pronounced
kr
44
These are some actual Hindi words Can you read them?
45
Here are their pronunciations and meanings kr b rk l
do r
save p r
stop
flower p l
fall lb
but r
era ppl
bridge
lip kkr
pride pr

slipper blkl world j

circular motion festival totally, completely victory
46
This letter has a sound similar to s in sit
47
This letter has a sound similar to sh in ship
48
This letter has a sound similar to h in hat
49
50
This is how the signs for , and are written on these letters

Note that the sign
51
below the letter is removed for writing these signs
These are the half letter forms of the letters weve just seen
52
Have a look how When
r combines with the letters weve just seen
r is the first letter in the combination
rs
rs rs rs
+ =
r r
+ =
r r
r r r
r r r
53
When
r is the second letter in the combination
sr
+ =
r r
sr sr sr
+ =
r r
r r r
+ =
r r r
Notice the special form of r and its derivatives
54
causes the pronunciation of certain vowels before and after it to change slightly.
Rule If the vowel immediately before Then the sequence becomes and becomes is
sounds like ai in fair
Note that this rule does not apply if the vowel immediately after is a long vowel.
We will come across long vowels later in this book.
Some pronunciation examples will make this vowel-change rule a little clearer.
55
Can you read these Hindi words?
56
Here are their pronunciations and meanings b s s b s r
enough sr
all ss k
decoration p l s
every k

melody r sob s police lr tell pr
stay
endure r

wave kl 1/8 of a day kr

reason ()* city, town spr appearance, form sr Venus rs()*

world
touch
heaven
short
*() in brackets means that this vowel may or may not be pronounced, or pronounced very lightly
57
This letter has a sound similar to n in new
58
This letter has a sound similar to m in mother
59
60

Note that the sign
61

below the letter is removed for writing these signs m m
62
rn
rn rn rn
+ =
r m rm
+ =
rm rm rm
63
When
nr
+ =
m r
mr
nr nr nr
+ =
mr mr mr
64
Some actual Hindi words
65
Heres how they sound and what they mean m n km km l mk
mind rn

less mln lotus mk shine rm

refuge sm meeting rsm fragrance nm hot mbl

body nmr() custom pm birth Chambal, a river in central India nnm
polite spn()

west prrm hell smpnn
dream

hard work completed, acquired
66
This letter has a sound similar to t in Spanish toro To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue touches the back of your front teeth
67
This letter has a sound similar to d in Spanish diez To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue touches the back of your front teeth
68
69

Note that the sign
70

Note how d
has no special half letter form
71
However, both these letters have special half forms other than the ones on the previous page when they join with themselves
t t
+ =
d d
d d
t t t t t t
+ =
d d d d
d d
72
also has a special shape when it joins with j j d j
+ =
d j d j d j
73
rt
rt rt rt
+ =
r m rm
+ =
rm rm rm
74
When
t r
+ =
m r
mr
t r t r t r
+ =
Note the slightly unexpected shape of t r
mr mr mr
and its derived forms
75
Here are some Hindi words with the new letters weve just seen
76
And heres how you pronounce them, and what they mean d m d m t l d l
breath d n

tail m d d

sesame d mn
heart s mrp t

day help bt r enemy s t t r surrendered m d d t
d d

better d jt seventy pt r() period, time interval d rj( )
limit, boundary mt t ()

importance electricity holy, sacred liquid
77
This letter has a sound similar to t in ash tray To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue curls right back and touches the roof of your mouth
78
This letter has a sound similar to d in rushe d To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue curls right back and touches the roof of your mouth
79
80

Note that the sign
81

Note how neither of themgenerally turns into a half letter
82
However, both these letters have special half forms other than the ones on the previous page when they join with themselves
+ =

+ =
83
Both these letters also have special half forms other than the ones on the previous pages when they join with j
+ =
j j
j j j
+ =
j j j
Note that it isnt the letters weve just seen whose shape changes It is j
that changes its shape
84
r
r r r
+ =
r r
+ =
r r r
85
When
r
r r r
+ =
r r
+ =
Note the special shape of r of a combination with these letters
r r r
when it is the second letter
86
87
And heres how you pronounce them, and what they mean t mr r

be determined nr coast green peas, pisum sativum path, track kkr
fearless

hog, boar t r

cruel
kr
error
88
Remember this letter?
The letter below is pronounced just like the one above, except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air
It has a sound similar to ck-h in brick-house

89
It has a sound similar to ggh in e gghead

90
It has a sound similar to ph in uphold

91
It has a sound similar to bh in clubhouse

92
It has a sound similar to ch-h in church-house

93
It has a sound similar to dgeh in ba dgeholder

94

95

Note that the sign
96

below the letter is removed for writing these signs b

Note that the sign
97

Note that the sign
98
These letters look and sound similar
ppp
ppp
99
These are the half forms of the letters weve just seen
Note the slightly different half form of
100
rk
rk
rk
rk
rp
rp
rp
rp
rb
rb
rb
rb
101
When
k r
kr
kr
kr
r r
r r
pr pr
pr
pr
br br br
br
r r
r r
r r
and its derivatives
Note the slightly different shape of r
102

103
Here are their pronunciations and meanings rk sk p r k

keep r member of the Sikh faith d k insight n

house kpt sadness suffocation p

consumption pl closely packed, crowded nkkr

melt blockhead, dolt
104
Some more words with some of the letters just seen

105
Here are their pronunciations and meanings

subterfuge sm roof
understanding six k
some, a little k
bend
hesitation kk fretting mrm

splash, scatter crocodile
106
And even more words with some of these new letters
107
Here are their pronunciations and meanings k p br p pr

phlegm plk fill b j tambourine brm again p

board spl fear d rlb successful rare

split, burst d rb Vidarbha, region in south-central India
delusion
108
It has a sound similar to th-h in bath-house

109
It has a sound similar to dh in adhere

110
111

Note that the sign
112

below the letter is removed for writing these signs d d
These are the half forms of the letters weve just seen
113
This is how
When
rt
rt
rt
rt
rd
rd
rd
rd
When
t r
t r
t r
t r
d r d r
d r
d r
114
d also has a special form

when it joins as the second letter with
d d
d d d d
+ =
d d
115
116
And heres how you pronounce them, and what they mean t k pt kt k pt t r
be tired, exhausted d rm
path d r

Kathak, a north Indian dance form m d j() Stone st t
religion, faith jd d
name of the pole star prsd d

central located s r()prt m
war
famous

foremost
117
It has a sound similar to th in penthouse

118
It has a sound similar to dh in madhouse

119
120
Note that the sign

121
These letters look and sound similar

d d d
122
Note how neither of them generally turns into a half letter
123
However, both these letters have special half forms when they join with j
+ =
j j
j j j
+ =
j j j
Note that it isnt the letters weve just seen whose shape changes It is j
that changes its shape
124
This is how
When
When
Note the special shape of r
when it is the second letter
of a combination with these letters
125
126
And heres how you pronounce them, and what they mean
cover
reading
pn
framework
wait

lid, covering
kkn

lumpy, knotty
127
This letter has a sound similar to ng in sing It is not pronounced like the ng in finger
128
This letter has a sound similar to ni gne in in in onion French montagne Spanish Espa a
129
This letter has a sound similar to n in wander To pronounce this letter, the tip of your tongue curls right back and touches the roof of your mouth
130
131

Note that the sign

132
Note how
does not generally turn into a half letter
133
134
And some more
135
And here are their meanings and pronunciations. How did you fare? l r s

lameness k

colour l

group sm

conch nl jungle mnl confluence, meeting nrnn

fickle, playful prpn charming, pleasant rnt devoid of passion knit

universe delighted Note that in all the above examples, somewhat
and occur in combination with other letters

In fact,
and and never occur in their full forms in Hindi;

always in combination , the pronunciation of is like n
136
Note that when combining with
Here are the meanings and pronunciations of the remaining words np t r smr
skilful, accomplished brm

young ()r
remembrance t ()r

wandering, roaming d description m distribution mp

punishment pt

circle pr

pavilion erected for festivities kj()

scholar

tremendous
from the throat, guttural
137
has a special form when it combines with j
+ =
j j j
So, not only does the combination letter have a special form, it also has a different pronunciation
In other words,
138
Here are some Hindi words with this combination letter
jj( )
sacrificial rite sj()
intelligent srj()
all-knowing, omniscient jpt

release, announcement
139
Do you notice any similarity in how these letters sound?
kkk
kkk
All these letters are articulated at the same area of the mouth, that is, at the back of the roof of the mouth.
140
And what about in these letters?

All these letters are articulated at the same area of the mouth, that is, at the middle part of the roof of the mouth.
141
These letters dont all look similar, but they sound similar
All these letters are articulated at the same area of the mouth, that is, with the tongue curled back and touching the roof of the mouth.
142
These letters look similar, but dont sound similar
In fact, both these letters look and behave exactly the same, the only difference being the additional dot beside
143
Some more similar-sounding letters, which weve already seen

nnn d d d
t t t

d d d
t t t
All these letters are articulated at the same area of the mouth, that is, with the tongue touching the front teeth.
144
And even more similar-sounding letters, which weve already seen

mmm bbb
ppp

bbb
ppp
All these letters are articulated at the same area of the mouth, that is, with the lips touching each other.
145
This sign is a shortcut sign for the following letters n m
Its pronunciation depends on what letter comes after it.
Have a look at these words and their pronunciations k

conch r

colour
146
nl

fickle, playful rnt

delighted kj()
from the throat, guttural pt

scholar smpnn

mbl
completed, acquired

147
Chambal, a river in central India
Lets look at it in a little more detail. In these words,
is like a shortcut for

r
In these words, nl

rnt
In these words, kj()

pt
In these words, s mpnn
is like a shortcut for m

mbl
148
Have a look at these words s n t
saint rn t

book b n d

closed sn d

fragrance

as well as its shortcut is dental n ,
In these words, the pronunciation of
n,
that is, the tongue touches the back of the front teeth just like it does when you pronounce
t t
d d
149
We can see a pattern over here.
If
occurs before the following letters

k k
then its pronunciation is

t d d

p p b b

150
Now, have a look at these words n
clan ns
swan Note - the pronunciation of
in these words is n n
- the only way of writing these words is with our shortcut letter that is, they cannot be written with
So
If
occurs before the following letters

s
then its pronunciation is
151
Great.
Now, an obvious question. What if a word starts with a vowel? How do we write it then?
Theres a slightly different way of doing this
152
If a word starts with a vowel, we use the following letters, instead of vowel signs
153
And here are some examples of words that use independent vowels ksr d r k m md

often n t ginger rt important nur Ahmad, a male name d r
end ks

meaning n obligation, favour nn ginger lm

sixty-one rd rd inch mr

engine d r

knowledge t r

all around t t r t t m
there nt t r

go down p()r

north excellent sixty-nine satellite
154
Speaking of vowels, here are some more
This sign has a sound similar to a in father This sign is written after a letter
155
This sign has a sound similar to ee in bee This sign is written after a letter
156
This sign has a sound similar to oo in tool This sign is written below a letter
157
This sign has a sound similar to in French fiance This sign is written above a letter
158
This sign has a sound similar to o in Italian Roma This sign is written after a letter
159
This is how the signs for a, i, u, e and o are written

160
ka

ko ke
ki
ku
Here are all the vowels weve seen so far, attached to the letter

ki ku
ka

161
ke
ko
Note the special form of when the sign
u is attached to it ru
Also note its similarity with
ru
162
Here are some Hindi words with the new signs weve just seen

163
And some more

164

165

And were done For now at least
166
How many correct? a good

167
ur grape
kkis twenty-one
nsan human, man
st ad master, teacher
n t i s twenty-nine
kam work
kja what
kira cucumber
kmba pillar
ob r cowdung
ala cowherd
as grass
relu domestic
n d i rag, dirty cloth
ori robbery
kara freedom, release oru wife
un d r shrew rat jan knowledge ia prawn, shrimp opi cap
elna to endure
mar tomato
ik correct, OK mru hand-held drum i impudent, stubborn t lar sword
e pure
a stick, baton
kelna to push t rko triangle
168
t ka fatigue d aru alcohol, booze d n d a business, trade nani maternal grandmother pensl pencil

169
t opna to tap, pat d ra name of a Hindu goddess d oka deceit
njun t m minimum
pd d i Indian robin peri circular motion bt t i wick, lamp
pok free of cost
bea son bi ladys finger, okra
bar store
murk fool
mi mud, soil
jurop Europe
jod d a warrior
rsila juicy
rubru face-to-face
but, however
lka ancient Sri Lanka
akj sentence
id ja knowledge rad d Hindu funeral rites snsar world n d st an one of the names of India
ia glass skir narrow, limited palm of the hand
Phew!
170
At the beginning of a word, these vowels are written like this

171
Here are all the independent vowels weve seen so far, along with their corresponding vowel signs

i u

does not have any vowel sign of its own
172
We already know that
Some Hindi words beginning with the new vowel letters weve just seen

173
You should have got all of these right!
at ma soul
an courtyard
ir god
in d n fuel upa absurd, senseless ekn singular okli mortar
upr up, above ekt a unity oa soothsayer
in d n is also spelled and pronounced
in d n
174
Note that the hook on top of
is not the same as the hook that denotes the half-form of although they look the same
Some examples will make this clear
chilli
mrai
stupidity
murkt ai

glory, splendour
175
irj()
This letter has a sound similar to z in zebra
176
This letter has a sound similar to f in fat
177
178
This is how the vowel signs weve seen are written on these letters

Note that the sign
za
fa
zi
fi
zu
fu
ze
zo
fe
fo
179

180
Note that they look and behave exactly like these letters which weve already seen
In fact, the only difference between these pairs of letters is the dot below
p f
181
Here are some Hindi words containing the letters weve just seen

Could you read them?
182
Here are their pronunciations and meanings zr rif
poison d raza
honourable fr
door
floor fri

vegetables zjad a more
sbzi

European frt a angel

183
This letter has a sound similar to ch in Scottish loch
184
This letter has a sound similar to r in French au revoir
185
186
This is how the vowel signs weve seen are written on these letters

xe xo
Note that the sign
xa
xi
xu

187

188
k x
189
190
How many did you get right? bl zl xamo
armpit srx
sonnet zxm
silent fan
red min

wound, bruise xjal
an Afghan, a person from Afghanistan bxi
sad, sorrowful

thought, care

donation, grant
191
A couple of tongue twister letters now
This letter has a sound similar to tt dd r in in in the American pronunciation of better the American pronunciation of ladder Spanish pe ro but with the tongue curled further back and flapping against the roof of the mouth
192
The letter below is pronounced just like the one on the previous page, except that the letter below is pronounced with a little puff of air
It has a sound similar to th in the American pronunciation of Get him! but with the tongue curled further back and flapping against the roof of the mouth
193
A sound similar to the sound of this letter does not exist in English It sounds like
k, but is pronounced further back in the throat, producing a gulping sound
In colloquial Hindi, this letter is pronounced the same as
194
q, k
195
This is how these letters look when combined with all the vowels weve seen so far

a i u e o

q qa q qi q qu qe qo

Note that the sign
196
197

198
k x
k q
Can you read these Hindi words containing the letters weve just seen?
199
Here are their pronunciations and meanings
bana
q d rt | kd rt
to spoil lomi

creation baqi | baki
fox beja
rest, remaining mt abq | mt abk
wolf pai
according t t faq | t t fak
studies, reading ub kab

coincidence xqsmt | xksmt

rough, uneven fortunate
200
And even more vowels
This sign has a sound similar to ai in fair This sign is written after a letter
201
This sign has a sound similar to a in ball This sign is written after a letter
202
This is how the signs for and are written
203
Notice the similarity in these letter combinations

ka ko k
ke
204
At the beginning of a word, these vowels are written like this

205
Dont confuse them with these letters!
Another thing to be careful of

In other words, and
206
ke
the vowel sign for e has one stick on top, but the vowel letter for e has none
the vowel sign for has two sticks on top, but the vowel letter for has only one!
207
And their pronunciations and meanings
md an ground
bk sitting, session nk spectacles
bjja * brother se like this, in this manner zar tool, instrument kin enthusiast
d run, race
f army nepne at any price, at a loss
* Notice the slightly different pronunciation of
bjja , not bja
208

e a

o i
The vowels above are called short vowels, as their length while speaking is comparatively less
The vowels above are called long vowels, as their length while speaking is comparatively more
209
Homophones are different letters that have the same sound.
Hindi too has homophonic letters
This letter has a sound similar to sh in ship That is, its pronunciation is the same as
210
This is how this letter looks when combined with all the vowels weve seen so far

e o
Note that the sign
211
This is the half letter form of the letter weve just seen

212
Note that it looks similar and behaves similarly to this letter which weve already seen
Here are some Hindi words with the new letter weve just seen
u a morning light j topic, subject r joy, gladness mnj() human
pr man, male
s n t o happniess
sp* clear
jot i astrologer
ko hexagon
jn t r() conspiracy
* is pronounced similar to , but with the tongue curled further back and touching the roof of the mouth
213
Our new letter
has a special form when it combines with k k*
+ =
k k k
* is pronounced similar to , but with the tongue curled further back and touching the roof of the mouth (see page 213)
214
Here are some Hindi words with this combination letter
kr letter, syllable

215
prika exam
kt uneducated
akaka wish, desire
d k south
ket r() area, region
sukm() fine, subtle
lkj() aim, target
This sign has a sound similar to n in French bon This sign is written above a letter Its function is to show that the vowel that comes immediately before it is spoken through the nose This function is called nasalisation
In the pronunciation key, this function is denoted by a
over the vowel
216
Have a look at how vowels are written with our nasalisation sign
Did you notice how the shape of our nasalisation sign changes when written over , , and ?
When written over these letters,
This is because these letters have projections at the top Therefore, our nasalisation sign is truncated or simplified Also note that though this truncated version looks exactly like our shortcut letter
(see Page 146), its pronunciation doesnt change

217
This is how our nasalisation sign is written over other letters

b b b

b b
Again, note how the shape of the nasalisation sign changes depending on whether the base letter has a projection on top

218
Try saying these aloud to notice the difference j in this manner m mouth bsri flute k well brick b left side we/you/they are search
I am mi boatman camel rsa sobbing, crying i ant m mothers b eyebrows kj why
219
When two vowels appear one after the other within a word, the second vowel is written with its independent vowel letter
Look at these sequences containing consecutive vowels .

i u b i b .

e o b
b u b e

220
b o
Here are some Hindi words with consecutive vowels in them
ki many
a gambling
kai unit
mai sweetmeat
kao eat
d o.o wash
aje is needed
bau boring
ae come
p ae deliver
221
A few letters and signs still remain!
This sign has a sound similar to a in ca t This sign is written above a letter like so
k ~ k
222
At the beginning of a word, this sign is written like this
223
These signs look similar
224
These letters too look similar
225
This sign is used in Hindi only to write words borrowed from English that have the sound You may also find such borrowed words written in Hindi with the sign s ~ s
gas b ri ~ bri
bri
battery knsr ~ knsr
knsr

cancer pl ~ p l

pl
apple
226
This sign has a sound similar to a in ball This sign is written after a letter like so
k ~ k
227
228
These signs look similar

Remember
229
These independent letters also look similar
230
This sign is used in Hindi only to write words borrowed from English that have the sound ~ You may also find such borrowed words written in Hindi with the sign l ~ l
al

hall nre ~ nre

nare

Norway frm ~ frm

farm
form
231
This sign has a sound similar to re in return This sign is written below a letter Note that this sign behaves like a vowel sign
232
This is how the sign for r is written
Notice the similarity in these letter combinations
kr
ku
kr
233
Dont confuse it with this letter combo
t r
234
Some Hindi words which use this sign and its independent letter kr r r

agriculture rk
debt kr*

sage, saint rd j
tree ma t rbum

Krishna, a male name rkarj()
heart rd d arm

motherland homework old-age home * is pronounced similar to , but with the tongue curled further back and touching the roof of the mouth (see page 213)
235
One last sign
This sign has a sound similar to h in hat This sign is written after a letter Note that this sign behaves like a vowel sign
236
237
Some Hindi words that contain this sign and its independent letter
pn
st
again
hence, therefore This sign occurs very rarely in Hindi
by oneself, by itself
Also, it never actually begins a word That is, you will never come across
238
Before we end, a small list of special combination forms that you might occasionally come across kt n n
t n

d m
d n
d b

d n

d n

239
Lets end with numerals and punctuation
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
These are the various punctuation marks used in Hindi

. .
abbreviation full sign stop Try your hand at these
3,737 0.611 1.2% 54,789.01

240
, . .% ,.
Here is a well-known piece of writing, in its Hindi version

s bi mnj ko r r d kar ke ma mle m nm()at st n t r()t a r sman()t a prapt . n bd d r n t rat ma ki den pra pt r pr spr n baiare ke ba se brt a krna aje.
This is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
241
This is the Hindi alphabet The names of the letters are the sounds of the letters themselves a i u
j r
q x
1
z
1 2
oa (small ) colloquially known as ba (big )

242
colloquially known as
And these are the vowel and other signs, and their Hindi names
n d rbn d
nsar
sr
ln t
Names of vowel signs are normally distinguished from the corresponding independent vowel letters by adding ki mat ra to them For example
a ki mat ra i ki mat ra
Good luck!
243
End
Typeset in Segoe UI (English & IPA) and Arial Unicode MS & Sanskrit 2003 (Hindi) For more information on the Hindi script and its history http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hindi.htm References: A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English John T Platts http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/platts/ Shabdkosh.com http://www.shabdkosh.com
v 2013-06-18 2012-2013 Arvind Iyengar. All Rights Reserved.

Hindi Script Book - Sarvabhashin

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Droits d'auteur :

Hindi Script Book - Sarvabhashin

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Droits d'auteur :

Hindi

This letter has a sound similar to k in skip

This letter has a sound similar to g in go

These are the letters weve just seen

This letter has a sound similar to p in speak

This letter has a sound similar to b in bat

These are the letters weve seen so far

This letter has a sound similar to tch in catch

This letter has a sound similar to dge in badge

These are the letters weve seen so far

This vowel is pronounced similar to a America

This is how the letters look when the sign

that is, when the vowel is added to them

This is how the sign for is written

This is how the sign for is written

Some more sequences

Notice the change in shape of the letters?

Have a look at this list

Therefore, the half letter forms are like a different version

Similar combinations containing the vowel

Notice anything different?

The half letters appear after the sign

So, if a half letter has to appear along with a letter

the half letter appears after this sign

Lets try some more combinations of joining letters

This letter has a sound similar to y in yo-yo

This letter has a sound similar to l in lad

This letter has a sound similar to v in victory

These are the letters weve just seen

This is how the sign for is written on these letters

This is how the sign for is written on these letters

below the letter is removed for writing this sign

This is how the sign for is written on these letters

below the letter is removed for writing this sign

Also, notice the special form of the letter r

r likes being different from the rest

The half letter form of

r jumps on top of the next letter

Watch out for rr

Similar combinations containing the vowel

r and its derivatives trouble us again, this time rr

Some more heartache caused by

Look at these letter combinations

Remember how rr is written

These letters look similar and behave similarly

So, for instance

Here are their pronunciations and meanings kr b rk l

This letter has a sound similar to s in sit

This letter has a sound similar to sh in ship

This letter has a sound similar to h in hat

These are the letters weve just seen

below the letter is removed for writing these signs

Have a look how When

r combines with the letters weve just seen

r is the first letter in the combination

r is the second letter in the combination

Notice the special form of r and its derivatives

sounds like ai in fair

We will come across long vowels later in this book.

Can you read these Hindi words?

Here are their pronunciations and meanings b s s b s r

This letter has a sound similar to n in new

This letter has a sound similar to m in mother

These are the letters weve just seen

Have a look how When

r combines with the letters weve just seen