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INTRODUCTION
Praise authors presented to pray Almighty God for all the blessings and mercy that has provided an
opportunity for writers to complete the paper "Form 16 form of the word".
The paper is structured to fulfill the task and hope this paper can be useful to add insight,
knowledge, have basic skills of logical and critical, curiosity, solve problems, and improve skills in
vocabulary and how to write in English. I realize that this paper is not perfect, although we have
tried to organize them as best as possible. Therefore, criticism and feedback from the users of this
paper is a paper I hope to repair hotel.Not forget I thank you profusely to friends, and other
resources that have helped to complete this paper.
Finally, I hope that this paper can help and success for us all. amen.
i
Kata Pengantar............................................................................................................ i
Daftar Isi ....................................................................................................................... ii
CHAPTER I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang..........................................................................................................1
1.2. indentifikasi Masalah ...............................................................................................2
1.3. Tujuan Penulisan.......................................................................................................2
CHAPTER II PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................................3
2.1. Simple Present Tense ..............................................................................................3
Present Continuous Tense .............................................................................................. 4
2.3. Present Perfect Tense .............................................................................................. 5
2.4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense .......................................................................... 6
2.5. Simple Past Tense ................................................................................................... 7
2.6. Past Continuous Tense ........................................................................................... 8
2.7. Past Perfect Tense .................................................................................................. 9
2.8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense .............................................................................. 10
2.9. Simple Future Tense .............................................................................................. 11
2.10. Future Continuous Tense ..................................................................................... 12
2.11. Future Perfect Tense ............................................................................................ 13
2.12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense .........................................................................14
2.13. Past Future Tense .................................................................................................15
2.14. Past Future Continuous Tense ............................................................................ 16
2.15. Past Future Perfect Tense ....................................................................................17
2.16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense ................................................................ 18
CHAPTER III PENUTUP ....................................................................................... 19
3.1. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................... 20
3.2. Saran ..................................................................................................................... 21
Daftar Pustaka ..............................................................................................................22
ii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rear Latar
Language is a typical symbol of a country or region , because language is a vital element in
communicating or as the main communication style . In interactions , social relationships with
others in the community . Language is very diverse in the world , because every language
negarapunya each different from one another , even language can distinguish between one country
to country .
English is the International Language . By mastering English well , then we will be able to
communicate with other nations in this world . In addition , we will be able to add insight and
knowledge for the betterment of our nation and our country , because we will be able to read
English literature , listening to radio broadcasts abroad , as well as watching movies other science .
Thus , in the end we can master the knowledge - knowledge in all fields .
In addition to increasing understanding about the international language , the English language is
studied at least will be easier for us to get a decent job , or for the provision of our knowledge in the
future . By understanding and mastering the International Language properly would provide
excellent benefits for us all .
Therefore , it is necessary to first understand that there are grammatical in English. In addition to
facilitate pronunciation , we will also understand how to arrange the word to be pronounced so that
it becomes a coherent sentence and correct according to his tenses .
1.2 Problem Identification
Biased on the background above, the authors formulate the problem as follows :
1 Definition of tenses ?
2 How many tenses in English ?
3 How the formulas and examples tenses ?
1.3 Purpose
Identification of the above problem , the purpose of this paper to describe or explain that these
points , as well as help explain the procedures for the use of words and writing words that
correspond to the time and conditions of the occurrence of an event in the English writing of the
paper .
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
Tenses in English means the time ( time ) . The word means the verb tenses or set of words used to
express the relationship of time . In grammar , tenses are the categories that puts the situation in
time , to indicate when the situation takes place .
Indonesian basic word order similar to English . Generally , a sentence begins with the subject ,
followed by a verb ( also called predicates ) , and then the object . Indicate the past tense or future
only need to enter the words that shows the time , in a very organized system .
2.1 Simple Present Tense
Tense used to express an action or activity that takes place / happening at the current time in a
simple form , activity or work performed repeatedly, daily habits , events or actions that have
nothing to do with time , and to express a general truth .
Simple Present Tense use this type of " TO BE 1 " and " VERB 1 "
TO BE 1 terdiri dari: am, is, are.
I
You
The
y
We
He
She
It
Am
Are
Is
Do / Don't
You
They
We
He
She
Does / Doesn't
It
+
?
Expressing Simple Present Tense sentence that does not use the verb ( NON VERB )
+
?
Contoh :
1.
2.
3.
Only in positive sentences , for the subject " He , She , It " , the use of the verb ( VERB ) must end
with " s / es . " The addition of " s / es " at the base verb ( inifinitive ) are as follows :
In general, the verb is directly coupled with the suffix " s" , for example :
Work - Works
Write - Writes
verb that ends in the letters " ch , o , s , sh , x " plus the suffix " -es " , for example :
Teach - Teaches
Go - Goes
verb that ends with the letter " y " and begins with a consonant , the suffix " y " was changed to " i"
and then added " -es " , for example :
Study - Studies
Cry - Cries
verb ending with the letter " y " that begins with a vowel , simply coupled with the suffix " s" only,
for example :
Buy - Buys
Play - Plays
If the verb begins with the letter auxiliary verb (Modal Auxiliaries ) , then do not get the extra " s /
es " , for example :
He Will work
Can she open
2.2 . Present Continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense Present Progressive Tense is also called is a form used to express an
action , state or event that is happening at the time discussed .
On the use of the Present Continuous Tense verb used must end with ing / ( Verb + ing ) .
Present Continuous Tense form of time using this type of " TO BE 1 " .
The usefulness of this is the time Forms :
To express ongoing actions
To express actions that will come
Formulas and example sentences Present Continuous Tense
+
?
Example:
1.
(+)
(-)
(?)
2. (+)
(?)
(-)
3. (+)
(-)
(?)
There is a group of words yan should not be formed into the Present Continuous , namely :
verb to express feelings , such as :
Like , want
verbs related to the senses , such as :
Feel , hear
verb to express thoughts or opinions , such as :
Believe , forget
How to Add infinitive with ing
If the infinitive ( Verb i) one or more monosyllabic ending consonants , and preceded by a vowel ,
the last letter is doubled and added ing , such as :
Cut Cutting
Begin - The Beginning
If the infinitive ends with the letter l which preceded a vowel , then the new duplicated plus l ing ,
such as :
Control - Controlling
If the infinitive ends in the vowel e is preceded by a consonant , then e is removed , then added
ing , such as :
Come Coming
If the infinitive ends in the vowel e is preceded vowels i , ie it is converted first into a new y plus
ing , such as :
Die Dying
2.3. Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense is the tense used to express an action , state or event that occurred in the past .
And at the time of speaking activities / actions have been completed.
Present Perfect Tense using
"TO BE 3" and "VERB 3"
TO BE 3 adalah: been.
TO BE 3 (been)
unsur
kata
kerja
You
They
We
He
She
I
You
They
We
He Have
She
It
Been
digunakan ketika suatu kalimat tidak ada
Has
It
(NON VERB).
kalimat,
baik
positif,
negatif,
Mengekspresikan kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja
(Non VERB)
+
?
Exsemple:
1.
(+)
atau
2.
3.
(-)
( ?)
(+)
( -)
(? )
(+)
(- )
(?)
I
I
You
They
We
He
Have
been
She
Has
It
For all types of
interrogative
Tense use TO
You
They
We
He
She
It
Contoh :
1.
2.
(+): They have been waiting for their mentor since seven oclock
(-): They have not been waiting for their mentor since seven oclock
(?): Have They been waiting for their mentor since seven oclock ?
3.
atau kegiatan yang terjadi dimasa lampau dan waktu terjadinya persitiwa itu telah diketahui.
Simple Past Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 2" and "VERB 2"
TO BE 2 terdiri dari: was & were
I
I
He
Was
She
It
Did / Didn't
You
You
Were
They
We
They
We
He
DID is used in a
She
It
sentence to ask.
NOT) used in negative sentences.
TO BE 2 (Was & Were) is used when there is no element of a sentence verb (NON verb)
2 verb used only in positive sentences only.
Formulas
and
Example
Sentence
Simple
Past
Expressing Simple Past Tense sentence that uses the verb (VERB)
+
Tense
Expressing Simple Past Tense sentence that does not use the verb (Non VERB)
+
Contoh
1.
2.
3.
(+)
: Wiwin went to Gorontalo two months ago
(-) : Wiwin did not go to Gorontalo two months ago
(?): Did Wiwin go to Gorontalo two months ago ?
(+)
: She finished her homework in the library yesterday
(-) : She did not finish her homework in the library yesterday
(?): Did She finish her homework in the library yesterday ?
(+)
: Randi was a singer last year
(-) : Randi was not singer last year
(?): was Randi a singer last year ?
Contoh
1.
(+): Berid was walking down the street when it began to rain.
(-): Berid was not walking the street when it began to rain
2.
3.
(+): Amel was sleeping all day yesterday when Ardy called him
(-): Amel was not sleeping all day yesterday when Ardy called him
(?): Was Amel sleeping all day yesterday when Ardhy called him ?
past
and
continue
to
take
place
finishes
in
the
past
or
the
next.
Past Perfect Tense also serves as a substitute for the Simple Past Tense when used to refer to
or indicate past events or actions that occur within a specified period.
I
You
They
We
He
She
It
Had
You
Been
They
We
He
She
It
Perfect Tense menggunakan jenis "TO BE 3" and "VERB 3
TO BE 3 adalah: been
TO BE 3 (been) digunakan ketika suatu kalimat tidak ada unsur kata kerja (NON VERB).
Untuk semua jenis kalimat, baik positif, negatif, atau kalimat tanya pada Present Perfect Tense
menggunakan VERB 3.
Rumus dan Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense
Mengekspresikan kalimat Past Perfect Tense yang menggunakan kata kerja (VERB)
+
?
Mengekspresikan kalimat Present Perfect Tense yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (Non
VERB)
+
?
Contoh
1. (+): His Wife had already eaten by the time I got home
(-): His wife had not already eaten by the time I got home
(?): Had his wife already eaten by the time i got home ?
2.
3.
You
They
They
We
We
He
He
She
She
It
It
CHAPTER III
CLOSING
3.1 Conclusion
Tense general formula is as follows:
No tenses formula
1.Present Simple Tense S + V1.
2 Present Continuous Tense S + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing.
3 Present Perfect Tense S + have / has + V3.
4 Present Perfect Continuous Tense S + have / has + been + V-ing.
5. Simple Past Tense S + V2.
6 Past Continuous Tense S + was / were + V-ing.
7 Past Perfect Tense S + had + V3.
8 Past Perfect Continuous Tense S + had + been + V-ing.
9 Simple Future Tense S + will + V1.
10 Future Continuous Tense S + will + be + V-ing.
11. Future Perfect Tense S + will + have + V3.
12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + will + have + been + V-ing.
13. Past Simple Future Tense S + would + V1.
14. Past Future Continuous Tense S + would + be + V-ing.
15. Past Perfect Future Tense S + would + have + V3.
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense S + would + have + been + V-ing.
3.2 Advice
The material on English grammatical papers still need to be completed, there are still many
shortcomings in it due to the limitations that are owned by the authors. To the subject
teachers concerned and all those who read this paper, in order to provide input so that this
paper can be more useful and easy to understand.
Daftar Pustaka
1.
http://wongzo.blogspot.com/2012/10/16-tenses-bahasa-inggris-beserta-rumus.html.
2.
http://arjaenim.blogspot.com/2012/11/makalah-bhs-inggris-past-perfect-tense.html.
3.
http://blogbintang.com/contoh-kesimpulan-dan-saran-makalah.
4.
http://blogkita666.blogspot.com/search?q=english+day.
5.
Santi, Inez. 2009. ENGLISH FOR TEEN 2. Yogyakarta: C.V ANDI OFFSET.
6.