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Connections Of Overcurrent Relay (part 2)

jiguparmar

Connections Of Overcurrent Relay (part 2)

Continued from first part: Types and Applications Of Overcurrent Relay (part 1)

Connections of Overcurrent and Earth Fault Relays

1. 3 Nos O/C relay for overcurrent and earth fault protection
Its used for:
3-phase faults the overcurrent relays in all the 3-phases act.
Phase to phase faults the relays in only the affected phases operate.
Single line to ground faults only the relay in the faulty phase gets the fault current and operates.
Even then with 3 overcurrent relays, the sensitivity desired and obtainable with earth leakage overcurrent relays

cannot be obtained in as much as the high current setting will have to be necessarily adopted for the overcurrent
relay to avoid operation under maximum load condition.
Over current relays generally have 50% to 200% current setting while
earth leakages over current relays have either 10% to 40% or 20% to 80%
current settings.
One important thing to be noted here is that the connection of the star
points of both the C.T. secondarys and relay windings by a neutral
conductor should be made.
A scheme without the neutral conductor will be unable to ensure reliable
relay operation in the event of single phase to earth faults because the
secondary current in this case (without star-point interconnection) completes
its circuit through relay and C.T. windings which present large impedance.
This may lead to failure of protection and sharp decrease in reduction of
secondary currents by CTs.

3 Nos O/C Relay for Over Current and Earth

Fault Protection

It is not sufficient if the neutral of the CTs and neutral of the relays are separately earthed. A conductor should be run
as stated earlier.

2. 3 No O/C Relay+ 1 No E/F Relay for Overcurrent and Earth Fault Protection
The scheme of connection for 3 Nos Over current Relay 1 No Earth Fault Relay is shown in figure below.
Under normal operating conditions the three phase fault conditions and
current in the 3-phase are equal and symmetrically displaced by 12 Deg.
Hence the sum of these three currents is zero. No current flow
through the earth fault relay.
In case of phase to phase faults ( say a short between R and Y phases)
the current flows from R-phase up to the point of fault and return back
through Y phase. Thus only O/L relays in R and Y phases get the fault
and operate.
Only earth faults cause currents to flow through E/L relay . A note of
caution is necessary here. Only either C.T secondary star point of relay
winding star point should be earthed.
Earthing of both will short circuit the E/L relay and make it
inoperative for faults.

3 No O/C Relay+ 1 No E/F Relay for Overcurrent

and Earth Fault Protection

3. 2 No O/C Relay + 1 No E/F Relay for Over Current and Earth Fault Protection
The two over current relays in R and B phases will respond to phase faults. At least one relay will operate for fault
involving two phase.
For fault involving ground reliance is placed on earth fault relay.

This is an economical version of 3-O/L and 1-E/L type of protection as one overcurrent relay is saved. With the
protection scheme as shown in Figure complete protection against phase
and ground fault is afforded.

Current Transformer Secondary Connections

For protection of various equipment of Extra High Voltage class, the star
point on secondarys of CT should be made as follows for ensuring
correct directional sensitivity of the protection scheme.

Transmission Line , Bus Bar and Transformer:

2 No O/C Relay + 1 No E/F Relay for Over

Current and Earth Fault Protection

For Transmission Lines Line side

For Transformers Transformer side
For Bus bar Bus side

Generator Protection:
Generator Protection Generator Side
The above method has to be followed irrespective of
polarity of CTs on primary side.
For example, in line protection, if P1 is towards bus then
S2s are to be shorted and if P2 is towards bus then S1s
are to be shorted.

Standard Overcurrent and Earth Fault

Protection
No

Name of the
Equipment

Protection

11 KV Feeders

A) 2 No Over Current and

one no Earth Fault IDMT
relays
B) 2 No Instantaneous
Overcurrent (highest) and
one no Instantaneous Earth
fault relay

Transmission Line , Bus Bar & Transformer scheme

8 MVA Capacity OR
Two Transformer in
a Substation
(Irrespective of
capacity)

HV side: 33 KV Breaker
(Individual or Group Control
with 3 Over Current and
One Earth Fault IDMT
relays
LV Side: Individual 11 KV
Breakers with 3 Over
Current and One Earth
Fault IDMT relays

8 MVA Power
Transformer

Differential relays OR REF

relays on LV side

Only one PTR in a

Sub Station (Less
than 8 MVA)

HV Side: HG fuse
LV Side: 11 KV Breaker
with 3 Over Current and
one E/F IDMT relay

Generator protection scheme

About Author //
Jignesh Parmar
jiguparmar - Jignesh Parmar has completed his B.E(Electrical) from Gujarat University.
He is member of Institution of Engineers (MIE),India. Membership No:M-1473586.He has
more than 12 years experience in Transmission -Distribution-Electrical Energy theft
detection-Electrical Maintenance-Electrical Projects (Planning-Designing-Technical
Review-coordination -Execution). He is Presently associate with one of the leading
business group as a Assistant Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He has published numbers of
Technical Articles in "Electrical Mirror", "Electrical India", "Lighting India", "Industrial
Electrix"(Australian Power Publications) Magazines. He is Freelancer Programmer of
Advance Excel and design useful Excel base Electrical Programs as per IS, NEC, IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical
Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his experience &
Knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering
Topics.

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3 Comments
1.
Monsef
Oct 22, 2014
Thank for the information.
(reply)

2.
Mohammad Iqbal
Oct 03, 2014
Thnx for the information. However i would like to know in case of 2 o/c +1 e/f Protection scheme
what would be the changes in the operation of relays if star point of CT secondaries is earthed instead of star
point of relay windings as you have shown. There is a confusion because many people show the star point of
CT secondaries earthed, which one is correct? Actually I am from J&K state and devastating floods have
destroyed many of our 33/ 11 kV sub-stations and we are engaged in power restoration o war footing basis. I
am encountering this confusion while rewiring of 33 kV C&R panels & 11 kV VCB panels. Your suggestion
would be appreciated.
Thanks & regards
Mohammad Iqbal
J.E PDD J&K.
(reply)
3.
Mbongeni Ndlovu
May 30, 2014
I am a learner Technician and this page has helped me a lot.
(reply)
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