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trained markers, and administration logistics. The teacher can allow students to
exchange their vocabulary quiz and mark them. It is more practical for students
to see others work. Washback contains the effects of testing on students,
teachers and the program. We distinguish positive and negative Washback.
Positive is than when testing is based on clear course, which know all the
students and teachers. Exams which require extensive preparation is negative.
To be washback positive the teacher should assure that the test is reflecting the
goals and objectives. Through feedback we also can bring a positive washback.
With the help of short quizzes which are graded by the students, they see where
they need to work and study more. Authenticity contain test which reflect real
world situations and in which provide motivation for students. Transparency
refers to the availability of information to students. The students should
understand what are the course objectives are, what will be tested, about the
marking and the format about the tests.if the format of the test is unknowf for
the student, it could affect its reliability. Through using transparency it reduce
students anxiety and allow the to perform further and better. In planning our
assesments there are some phases, which we should take into account. The first
phase is the initial planning stage. While planning an exam we should think
about assessment context and the purpose. The next step is to identify students
needs and develop course learning objectives. The teacher formulate the objects
and what he wants his students to know. It helps him how to assess if the
students have learned what the teacher wanted to learn.
Blueprint of
assessment is a good way for doing this. Blueprint is a tool used in order to
determine what is important for a student to know and ensure that the content
being taught is represented on the test. We begin to create a blueprint with the
learning objectives, how they will be tested and the total exam covering each
area. Example of a blueprint is represented in Figure 3. which includes the
following skills: reading, listening, writing, grammar, then the learning
objectives, questions , items and percentage. Feedback is a part of assessment.
Information from the test helps teacher to put the final mark of an exam.