ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

6 DIPOLES LOG-PERIODIC ANTENNA

Jhonny Inca
Cristian Jacho
Marco Granizo
Cristian Tarco
Washington Santos
Electronic Engineering in Telecommunications and Network

AbstractThis paper shows the design of the 6 dipoles logperiodic antenna , and essential features coupled to a waveguide,
with some working frequencies between 1,8 and 7 GHz, and
source with coaxial cable power via.

The width of coaxial cable power is (3mm).

The largest width of each of the dipole is taken groups
equal to the feed line of the antenna (3mm).[3]

Index TermsIrradiation, reflection.

I. I NTRODUCTION

II. D ESIGN OF THE PRINTED ANTENNA

HE log-periodic antenna resembles as Yagi consists of

dipoles of different lengths and spaces, but the fundamental difference is that all the dipoles are fed from a single
source at the small end and the feeding phase is reversed at
each step. In principle log-periodic is a directional antenna
where each resonates at a different frequency and at a given
range element. The union of all the resonance elements at
different frequencies on a logarithmic antenna arrangement,
makes it possible to construct a resonant system with a high
bandwidth. They are mainly used for communications and
VHF and HF, because they do not have a final impedance,
they are more efficient. Often TV antennas advertised as high
gain or high performance are log periodic antennas. Ratio
bandwidth is the highest frequency and the lowest frequency
at which an antenna can operate successfully.[1] The design
of a log periodic antenna consists of a basic geometric pattern
that is repeated, but with a different size. The active region
of the array is from a few nearby dipole length is one-half
wavelength. The currents in these dipoles are much more
intense than in the rest of the elements. Log-periodic is an
antenna, formed by a series of printed dipoles and whose
operation is similar to the log-periodic antennas thread.
Traditional printed antennas have a resonant behavior with
a high quality factor and consequently a narrow bandwidth,
which limits the use of such antennas for applications requiring
low bandwidth.
[2]
Antenna characteristics:

Following submission of the antenna geometry and

operating principle of the same, we detail the design process
as a function of the necessary requirements in terms specially
bandwidth per dipole.

For the design of the antennas we have made a number of

considerations:
Are designed with a specific high frequency substrate
The lowest design frequency is (1.8GHz), so the larger
element equal.

With a quality factor:

=

Lm
Lm +1

Sm
Sm +1

Wm
Wm +1

Where:
m : element length m
Wm :element width
Sm :is the separation between the element m and the m+1
A. Larger dipole design
The final length of the dipole depends on the characteristics
of the substrate, specially dielectric constant, in this case we
used a specific substrate for high-frequency, it is baquelite,
whose characteristics are: h=1.2mm and a dielectric of Er=4.8
finds.[4]
B. Separation between dipoles
After obtaining the necessary number of dipoles and the
length of each of them, need to know the distance between
the two largest components of the distribution. The remaining
gaps between dipoles will be related by the selected scale
factor, except l smallest separation between the dipole and the
feed point.[4]
Sm =

1
2

(Lm Lm 1 ) cotg()

Where the angle is defined in the schema of the antenna.

Sm =

1
2

( 02n

0 n1
)
2

cotg()

0 n: Wavelength dipole length in the empty n for the

largest dipole.
0 n1 : Is the wavelength for the n-1

ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

cotg() = 4 1

D. Results
Now, other graphic obtained with Designer is about the
parameter S, in the Fig. 2 is showing the result, in this,
can be seen at 6 frequencies of working of the antenna,can
concluded that the antenna is working at the ideal reflection
coefficient.

: Space on the cluster dipole.

= 0.243 0.051
Sm =

1
2

( 02n

0 n1
0.051
)(4 0.243
)
2
1

Scale Factor = 0.88

Separation of the two largest dipole separation the other
dipole is obtained.

C. Width of dipoles
The width of the dipole, once the design is fixed by the
width of the largest dipole is obtained directly from the scale
factor of the antenna. The larger width of the dipole is taken
equal to the power line.[4]
Number N
Separation S(mm)
1
24
2
21
3
19
4
16.5
5
14.8
6
22

Frecuencia (GHz)

Lenght L(mm)

Width W(mm)

1.8

62

59.8

2.64

3.5

57.6

2.27

4.2

50

4.7

44

1.87

6.6

39.6

1.67

Fig. 2. Reflection Coefficient Graphic

The bandwidth is measured to -10db in all the working

frequencies, in the Fig. 2 is showing all the bandwidths. In
percents the equivalence is on the table 2.

Fig. 1. Log-periodic Antenna

The next step, is connect the loop with other similar loop,
therefore, first, prove connecting two loops with a coupler, in
this case, a transmission line.
Through a sweep of the simulation through different
frequencies, beginning in 0 GHz and ending in 10 GHz,
can on obtained the results of antenna about impedances.
Showing a interesting results, because after of optimization,
has gotten a very good approximation, at 1.8 GHz, it is the
operating frequency.

Fig. 3. Bandwidth
Number N
1
2
3
4
5
6

Frecuencia (GHz)
1.8
3
3.5
4.2
4.7
6.6

Bandwidth (GHz)
0.28
0.215
0.16
0.095
0.12
0.08

Bandwidth (percent)
15
7.16
4.57
2.26
2.55
1.21

The Fig 4 is explained the Radiation Pattern, is created by

ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

the software Designer, these graphic shoe that the log-periodic

antenna is a omnidirectional antenna.

resonant elements act as directors. At higher frequency,

shorter resonates element and the other elements (longer) act
as reflectors in the center of the frequency band.
These antennas can provide up to 10 dB more gain than
an antenna 1/4 wave, while up to 30 dB can mitigate sources
of interference from other directions. The length of the
horizontal element and the number of transverse elements
determine the bandwidth and directivity of the antenna.

R EFERENCES
[1] [1] J. A. Encinar, ?Recent advances in re?ectarray antennas,? inProc.EuCAP, Barcelona, Spain, 2010.
[2] [2] M. Bercigli, P. D. Vita, R. Guidi, A. Freni, P. Pirinoli, L. Matekovits,
G. Vecchi, and M. Bandinelli, ?Hybrid SFX/MLayAIM method for the
analysis and optimization of large re?ectarrays and planar arrays with
metallic lenses,? inProc.EuCap, 2010.
[3] [3] J. Vian and Z. Popovic. ?Smart Lens Antenna Arrays? Microwave
Symposium Digest, 2001 IEEE Constantine A. Balanis. ?Antenna Theory.
Analysis and design?. 2nd edition. John Wiley and Sons,1997.
[4] [4] K.C. Gupta, R. Garg, I. Bahl and P. Barthia. ?Microstrip lines and
slotlines?. 2nd edition, Artech House, 1996.

Fig. 4. Radiation Pattern

III. P HYSICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ANTENNA

In the Figure 4 and Figure 5 shows a log-periodic printed
antenna consists of 6 printed dipoles scaled logarithmically
with frequency, as seen in the diagram, the dipoles are
located on both side of the dielectric substrate, where proper
nutrition is obtained is shown in phase of the different dipoles.
Printed dipoles are regularly scaled in all dimensions
(length, width and spacing on the previous item). The
largest dipole antenna is designed to the lowest frequency of
operation and the smallest at the highest frequency dipole.
Clearly, the lengths of the dipole depends on the type of
substrate used for the antenna.
Fig. 5. Physical implementation of the antenna
Fig. 6. Physical implementation of the antenna

IV. C ONCLUSIONS
A log periodic antenna type is antenna impedance
parameters or whose radiation is a periodic function of the
logarithm of the frequency of operation. The design of these
antennas is made from a certain size as the size of a dipole
or separation which are multiplied by a constant.
The advantage of the logarithmic antenna has a driven
element, but that power in its entirety. This results in a
higher bandwidth and impedance couples within all working
frequencies of this antenna is achieved.
The receiving of the signal or its active region continuously
changes depending on the frequency, which in the lowest
frequency of operation, the element is long and the other