SCHEME OF TEACHING AND EXAMINATION

M.TECH. - DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

I SEMESTER
Teaching hours/week

Course
Code

Subject
Code

Name of the Subject

Lecture

Practical

Tutorial

Duration
of Exam
in Hours

Marks for
Examination
I.A.

Total
Marks

Exam

10LEC11

10EC029

Digital Circuits & Logic

Design

50*

100

150

10LEC21

10EC011

Antenna Theory and Design

50*

100

150

10LEC12

10EC006

Advanced Digital
Communications

50#

100

150

10LEC14

10EC124

Probability & Random Process

50#

100

150

50

100

150

50

500

800

10LEC15
10LEC16

10ECxxx
10EC911

Elective-I (10LCE15x)
Seminar/Mini Projects

Total

50

20

07

15

300

Practical will be evaluated 25 marks and internal assesment for 25 marks. Lab journals should be maintained.
#
Assignments/seminar will be evaluated for 25 marks and internal assesment for 25 marks. Record of
Assignments/seminar should be maintained.
$
Mini projet should be done individually and is assessed for 25 marks. Seminar on Miniproject will be assessed
for 25 marks.
ELECTIVE I
10LEC151

10EC059

Optical Communication &

Networking

10LEC152

10EC021

CMOS VLSI Design

10LEC153

10EC117

Automotive Electronics

I SEMESTER
DIGITAL CIRCUITS AND LOGIC DESIGN
Subject Code
No. of Lecture Hours /week
Total no. of Lecture Hours

: 10EC029
: 04
: 52

IA Marks
Exam Hours
Exam Marks

: 50
: 03
: 100

Threshold Logic: Introductory Concepts, Synthesis of Threshold Networks.

Reliable Design and Fault Diagnosis Hazards: Fault Detection in Combinational Circuits, Fault-Location
Experiments, Boolean Differences, Fault Detection by Path Sensitizing, Detection of Multiple Faults, FailureTolerant Design, Quadded Logic
Capabilities, Minimization, and Transformation of Sequential Machines: The Finite- State Model, Further
Definitions, Capabilities and Limitations of Finite State Machines, State Equivalence and Machine
Minimization, Simplification of Incompletely Specified Machines.
Structure of Sequential Machines: Introductory Example, State Assignments Using Partitions, The Lattice of
closed Partitions, Reductions of the Output Dependency, Input Independence and Autonomous Clocks, Covers
and Generation of closed Partitions by state splitting, Information Flow in Sequential Machines,
Decompositions, Synthesis of Multiple Machines.
StateIdentifications and Fault-Detection Experiments: Homing Experiments, Distinguishing Experiments,
Machine Identification, Fault-Detection Experiments, Design of Diagnosable Machines, Second Algorithm for
the Design of Fault Detection Experiments, Fault-Detection Experiments for Machines which have no
Distinguishing Sequences.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.

Zvi Kohavi, Switching and Finite Automata Theory, 2nd Edition. Tata McGraw Hill Edition

2.
3.
4.
5.

Charles Roth Jr., Digital Circuits and Logic Design,

Parag K Lala, Fault Tolerant And Fault Testable Hardware Design, Prentice Hall Inc. 1985
E. V. Krishnamurthy, Introductory Theory Of Computer, Macmillan Press Ltd, 1983
Mishra & Chandrasekaran, Theory Of Computer Science
Automata, Languages And Computation, 2nd Edition, PHI,2004

Laboratory Experiments:
I. Digital Circuits & Logic Design
1.Devise a minimal-length binary code to represent the state of a phone: no-work, dial-tone, dialing, busy,
connected, disconnected, and ringing.
2. Write Boolean equation for a BCD decoder, that is, a decoder that has a BCD code word as input and that has
outputs yo through y9. Draw a circuit that uses AND and OR gates and inverters to implement the decoder.
3. Test the circuit diagram for a multiplexer that selects amoung four sources of data, each of which is encoded
with three bits. The circuit should be implemented 4-to-1 multiplexers.
4. Design circuit that has as input, a transmit clock and an NRZ serial data signal and htat generates a
Manchester encoded serial data signal as output.
5. Develop a circuit of a 4-bit Gray code to unsigned binary converter implemented using a combinational
ROM.
6. Develop a circuit that calculates the average of 16-bit 2s-complement signed numbers, without checking for
overflow.
All the above experiments are to be tested with any suitable simulator or a HDL.
Any experiments can be included the supports the theory.
---------------------------------------------------------ANTENNA THEORY & DESIGN
Subject Code

: 10EC011

IA Marks

: 50

No. of Lecture Hours/Week

Total No. of Lecture Hours

: 04
: 52

Exam Hours
Exam Marks

: 03
: 100

Antenna Fundamentals and Definitions: Radiation mechanism - over view, Electromagnetic Fundamentals,
Solution of Maxwells Equations for Radiation Problems, Ideal Dipole, Radiation Patterns, Directivity and
Gain, Antenna Impedance, Radiation Efficiency. Antenna Polarization
Resonant Antennas: Wires and Patches, Dipole ntennas, Yagi - Uda Antennas, Micro strip Antenna.
Arrays: Array factor for linear arrays, uniformly excited, equally spaced Linear arrays, pattern multiplication,
directivity of linear arrays, non- uniformly excited -equally spaced linear arrays, Mutual coupling,
multidimensional arrays, phased arrays, feeding techniques, perspective on arrays.
Broad band Antennas: Traveling - wave antennas, Helical antennas, Biconical antennas, sleave antennas, and
Principles of frequency - independent Antennas, spiral antennas, and Log - Periodic Antennas.
Aperture Antennas: Techniques for evaluating Gain, reflector antennas - Parabolic reflector antenna
principles, Axi -symmetric parabolic reflector antenna, offset parabolic reflectors, dual reflector antennas, Gain
calculations for reflector antennas, feed antennas for reflectors, field representations, matching the feed to the
reflector, general feed model, feed antennas used in practice.
Antenna Synthesis: Formulation of the synthesis problem, synthesis principles, line sources shaped beam
synthesis, linear array shaped beam synthesis Fourier Series, Woodward Lawson sampling method,
comparison of shaped beam synthesis methods, low side lobe narrow main beam synthesis methods Dolph
Chebyshev linear array, Taylor line source method.
]

Method of Moments : Introduction to method of Moments, Pocklingtons integral equation, integral equations
and Kirchoffs Networking Equations, Source Modeling Weighted residuals formulations and computational
consideration, calculation of antenna and scatter characteristics.
CEM for Antennas : Finite Difference Time Domain Method Geometrical Optics Wedge diffraction theory,
ray fixed coordinate system, uniform theory of wedge diffraction, E - Plane analysis of Horn antennas.
Cylindrical parabolic antenna, radiation by a slot on a finite ground plane, radiation by a monopole on a finite
ground plane, equivalent current concepts, multiple diffraction formulation, by curved surfaces, physical optics,
method of stationary phase, physical theory of diffraction, cylindrical parabolic reflector antennas.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.
2.
3.

C. A. Balanis: Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, John Wiley, 2nd Edition, 1997
Kraus: Antennas, McGraw Hill, TMH, 3rd/4th Edition.
Stutzman and Thiele, Antenna Theory and Design, 2ndEd, John Wiley and Sons Inc..
4. Sachidananda et. el, Antenna and Propagation, Pearson Edu.

Laboratory Experiments:
(FEKO simulators can be used)
1. MATLAB / C Implementation to obtain radiation pattern of an antenna
2. Experimental study of radiation pattern of antenna.
3. Significance of pocklingtons integral equation
4. Measurement techniques of radiation characteristics of antenna.
5. Survey on frequency independent antennas.
6. Analysis of E plane and H- plane Horns.
(Any other experiments can be added in support of the course)

ADVANCED DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

Subject Code
No. of Lecture Hours /week
Total no. of Lecture Hours

: 10EC006
: 04
: 52

IA Marks
Exam Hours
Exam Marks

: 50
: 03
: 100

Digital Modulation Techniques: QPSK, DPSK, FQPSK, QAM, M-QAM, OFDM, Optimum Receiver for
Signals Corrupted by AWGN, Performance of the Optimum Receiver for Memory-less Modulation, Optimum
Receiver for CPM Signals, Optimum Receiver for Signals with Random Phase in AWGN Channel.
Coding Techniques: Convolutional Codes, Hamming Distance Measures for Convolutional Codes; Various
Good Codes, Maximum Likelihood Decoding of Convolutional codes, Error Probability with Maximum
Likelihood Decoding of Convolutional Codes, Sequential Decoding and Feedback Decoding, Trellis Coding
with Expanded Signal Sets for Band-limited Channels, Viterbi decoding.
Communication through band limited linear filter channels: Optimum receiver for channels with ISI and
AWGN, Linear equalization, Decision-feedback equalization, reduced complexity ML detectors, Iterative
equalization and decoding-Turbo equalization.
Adaptive equalization: Adaptive linear equalizer, adaptive decision feedback equalizer, adaptive equalization
of Trellis- coded signals, Recursive least squares algorithms for adaptive equalization, self recovering (blind)
equalization.
Spread Spectrum Signals for Digital Communication: Model of Spread Spectrum Digital Communication
System, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals, Frequency-Hopped Spread Spectrum Signals, CDMA, timehopping SS, Synchronization of SS systems.
Digital Communication through fading multi-path channels: Characterization of fading multi-path channels,
the effect of signal characteristics on the choice of a channel model, frequency-Nonselective, slowly fading
channel, diversity techniques for fading multi-path channels, Digital signal over a frequency-selective, slowly

fading channel, coded wave forms for fading channels, multiple antenna systems.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.
2.
3.
4.

John G. Proakis, Digital Communications," 4th edition, McGraw Hill, 2001.

Stephen G. Wilson, Digital Modulation and Coding, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd, 2003.
Kamilo Feher, Wireless Digital Communications: Modulation and Spread Spectrum
Applications, Prentice-Hall of India, 2004.
Andrew J. Viterbi, CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications, Prentice Hall, USA,
1995.
PROBOBALITY & RANDOM PROCESS

Subject Code

: 10EC124

IA Marks

: 50

No. of Lecture Hours/Week

Total No. of Lecture Hours

: 04
: 52

Exam Marks
Exam Hours

: 03
: 100

Introduction to Probability Theory: Experiments, sample space, Events, Axioms, Assigning probabilities,
Joint and conditional probabilities, Bayes Theorem, Independence, Discrete Random Variables, Engg Example.
Random Variables, Distributions, Density Functions: CDF, PDF, Gaussian random variable, Uniform
Exponential, Laplace, Gamma, Erlang, Chi-Square, Raleigh, Rician and Cauchy types of random variables
Operations on a Single R V: Expected value, EV of Random variables, EV of functions of Random variables,
Central Moments, Conditional expected values.
Characteristic functions, Probability generating functions, Moment generating functions, Engg applications,
Scalar quantization, entropy and source coding.

Pairs of Random variables, Joint CDF, joint PDF, Joint probability mass functions, Conditional Distribution,
density and mass functions, EV involving pairs of Random variables, Independent Random variables, Complex
Random variables, Engg Application.
Multiple Random Variables: Joint and conditional PMF, CDF, PDF,.EV involving multiple Random
variables, Gaussian Random variable in multiple dimension, Engg application, linear prediction.
Random Process: Definition and characterization, Mathematical tools for studying Random Processes,
Stationary and Ergodic Random processes, Properties of ACF.
Example Processes: Markov processes, Gaussian Processes, Poisson Processes, Engg application, Computer
networks, Telephone networks.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Probability and random processes: application to Signal processing and communication - S L
Miller and D C Childers: Academic Press / Elsivier 2004
2. Probability, Random variables and stochastic processes - A.
Papoullis and S U Pillai: McGraw Hill 2002.
3. Probability, Random variables and Random signal principles
Peyton Z Peebles: TMH 4th Edition 2007.
4. Probability, random processes and applications - H Stark and
Woods: PHI 2001

ELECTIVE I

OPTICAL COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING

Subject Code

: 10EC059

IA Marks

: 50

No. of Lecture Hours/Week

Total No. of Lecture Hours

: 04
: 52

Exam Hours
Exam Marks

: 03
: 100

Introduction: Propagation of signals in optical fiber, different losses, nonlinear effects, solitons, optical
sources, detectors.
Optical Components: Couplers, isolators, circulators, multiplexers, filters, gratings, interferometers, amplifiers.
Modulation Demodulation: Formats, ideal receivers, Practical detection receivers, Optical preamplifier,
Noise considerations, Bit error rates, Coherent detection.
Transmission System Engineering: system model, power penalty, Transmitter, Receiver, Different optical
amplifiers, Dispersion.
Optical Networks: Client layers of optical layer, SONET/SDH, multiplexing, layers, frame structure, ATM
functions, adaptation layers, Quality of service and flow control, ESCON, HIPPI.
WDM Network Elements: Optical line terminal optical line amplifiers, optical cross connectors, WDM
network design, cost trade offs, LTD and RWA problems, Routing and wavelength assignment, wavelength
conversion, statistical dimensioning model.
Control and Management: network management functions, management frame work, Information model,
management protocols, layers within optical layer performance and fault management, impact of transparency,
BER measurement, optical trace, Alarm management, configuration management.
Suitable number of Assignments / Tutorials can be given based on the syllabus
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.

John M. Senior, Optical Fiber Communications, Pearson edition, 2000.

2.

Rajiv Ramswami, N Sivaranjan, Optical Networks, M. Kauffman Publishers, 2000.

3.

Gerd Keiser, Optical Fiber Communication, MGH, 1 991.

4.

G. P. Agarawal, Fiber Optics Communication Systems, John Wiley NewYork, 1997

CMOS VLSI DESIGN

Subject Code
No. of Lecture Hours /week
Total no. of Lecture Hours

: 10EC021
: 04
: 52

IA Marks
Exam Hours
Exam Marks

: 50
: 03
: 100

MOS Transistor theory: n MOS / p MOS transistor, threshold voltage equation, body effect, MOS device
design equation, sub threshold region, Channel length modulation. mobility variation, Tunneling, punch
through, hot electron effect MOS models, small signal AC Characteristics, CMOS inverter, n / p ratio, noise
margin, static load MOS inverters, differential inverter, transmission gate, tristate inverter, BiCMOS inverter.
CMOS Process Technology: Lambda Based Design rules, scaling factor, semiconductor Technology overview,
basic CMOS technology, p well / n well / twin well process. Current CMOS enhancement (oxide isolation,
LDD. refractory gate, multilayer inter connect) , Circuit elements, resistor , capacitor, interconnects, sheet
resistance & standard unit capacitance concepts delay unit time, inverter delays , driving capacitive loads,
propagate delays, MOS mask layer, stick diagram, design rules and layout, symbolic diagram, mask feints,
scaling of MOS circuits.
Basics of Digital CMOS Design: Combinational MOS Logic circuits-Introduction, CMOS logic circuits with a
MOS load, CMOS logic circuits, complex logic circuits, Transmission Gate. Sequential MOS logic Circuits Introduction, Behavior of hi stable elements, SR latch Circuit, clocked latch and Flip Flop Circuits, CMOS D

latch and triggered Flip Flop. Dynamic Logic Circuits - Introduction, principles of pass transistor circuits,
Voltage boot strapping synchronous dynamic circuits techniques, Dynamic CMOS circuit techniques
CMOS Analog Design: Introduction, Single Amplifier. Differential Amplifier, Current mirrors, Band gap
references, basis of cross operational amplifier.
Dynamic CMOS and Clocking: Introduction, advantages of CMOS over NMOS, CMOS\SOS technology,
CMOS\bulk technology, latch up in bulk CMOS., static CMOS design, Domino CMOS structure and design,
Charge sharing, Clocking- clock generation, clock distribution, clocked storage elements.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Neil Weste and K. Eshragian,Principles of CMOS VLSI Design: A System Perspective, 2nd
edition, Pearson Education (Asia) Pte. Ltd., 2000.
Wayne, Wolf, Modern VLSI design: System on Silicon, Pearson Education, Second Edition
Douglas A Pucknell & Kamran Eshragian , Basic VLSI Design, PHI 3rd Edition (original Edition
1994)
Sung Mo Kang & Yosuf Lederabic Law, CMOS Digital Integrated Circuits: Analysis and Design,
McGraw-Hill (Third Edition).
AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS

Subject Code
No. of Lecture Hours /week
Total no. of Lecture Hours

:10EC117
: 04
: 52

IA Marks
Exam Hours
Exam Marks

: 50
: 03
: 100

Automotive Fundamentals Overview Four Stroke Cycle, Engine Control, Ignition System, Spark plug,
Spark pulse generation, Ignition Timing, Drive Train, Transmission, Brakes, Steering System, Battery, Starting
System
s
Air/Fuel Systems Fuel Handling, Air Intake System, Air/ Fuel Management
Sensors Oxygen (O2/EGO) Sensors, Throttle Position Sensor (TPS), Engine Crankshaft Angular Position
(CKP) Sensor, Magnetic Reluctance Position Sensor, Engine Speed Sensor, Ignition Timing Sensor, Hall effect
Position Sensor, Shielded Field Sensor, Optical Crankshaft Position Sensor, Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)
Sensor - Strain gauge and Capacitor capsule, Engine Coolant Temperature (ECT) Sensor, Intake Air
Temperature (IAT) Sensor, Knock Sensor, Airflow rate sensor, Throttle angle sensor
Actuators Fuel Metering Actuator, Fuel Injector, Ignition Actuator
Exhaust After-Treatment Systems AIR, Catalytic Converter, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), Evaporative
Emission Systems
Electronic Engine Control Engine parameters, variables, Engine Performance terms, Electronic Fuel Control
System, Electronic Ignition control, Idle sped control, EGR Control
Communication Serial Data, Communication Systems, Protection, Body and Chassis Electrical Systems,
Remote Keyless Entry, GPS
Vehicle Motion Control Cruise Control, Chassis, Power Brakes, Antilock Brake System (ABS), Electronic
Steering Control, Power Steering, Traction Control, Electronically controlled suspension
Automotive Instrumentation Sampling, Measurement & Signal Conversion of various parameters.
Integrated Body Climate Control Systems, Electronic HVAC Systems,
Safety Systems SIR, Interior Safety, Lighting, Entertainment Systems
Automotive Diagnostics Timing Light, Engine Analyzer, On-board diagnostics, Off-board diagnostics,
Expert Systems
Future Automotive Electronic Systems Alternative Fuel Engines, Collision Avoidance Radar warning
Systems, Low tire pressure warning system, Radio navigation, Advance Driver Information System

References: 1.

William B. Ribbens: Understanding Automotive Electronics, 6th Edition, SAMS/Elsevier Publishing

2.

Robert Bosch GmbH: Automotive Electrics Automotive Electronics Systems and Components, 5 th
edition, John Wiley& Sons Ltd., 2007