German Test 1 Start auf Deutsch to Einheit 3

Vocabulary needed
Einheit 2

Einheit 3

Others:
Time/Days of the week

Der Tag/Tage
Die Woche/Wochen
Der Monat/Monate
Das Jahr/Jahre
Der Montag/Montags
Dienstag
Mittwoch
Donnerstag

Day
Week
Month
Year
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday

Friday
Freitag
Saturday
Samstag
Sunday
Sonntag
Second
Die Sekunde/Sekunden
Minute
Die Minute/Minuten
Hour
Die Stunde/Stunden
Afternoon
Der Nachmittag
Sunday afternoon = Sonntagnachmittag

Adverbs
Seit
Zurck

Seit vielen Jahren - for many years

Seit mehr als - for more than (eg. Seit mehr als sechs Monaten)
Zurck nach Deutschland - back to Germany

Schon - Already

Schon um 6 Uhr - Already 6 oclock

Schon mal - Ever

Waren Sie / Warst du schon mal in Dresden?

(Have you ever been in Dresden?)
Hast du schon mal etwas online gekauft?
(Have you ever bought something online?)
Long ago, a long time ago

Schon lange
Welche - Which

Als
Weil

Jeden

Welche Farben gibt es?

(What colors are available?)
Welche Stimme singst du im Chor?
(What voice do you sing in the choir?)
Als Kind - as a child
Erst als - only when
Weil ich alt bin - because I'm old
Ich kenne ihn, weil wir in dieselbe Moschee gehen.
(I know him, we worship in the same mosque)
Unsere Kinder besuchen dieselbe Schule.
(Our children go to the same school.)
Jeden Montag - Every Monday

Pronouns

Sie or du?
The familiar or informal form "du" is used when talking to relatives, close
friends and children.
It does not start with a capital letter.
The plural of "du" is "ihr".
The formal form "Sie" is used when you need to be more polite.

 It is the usual form of address when talking to an adult whom you don't know
well or at all.
A child would always say "Sie" to an adult outside his or her own family.
"Sie" always starts with a capital letter.
The plural form of "Sie" is also "Sie".

Verbs
1. Regular
Pronoun
Ich
du
Er/es/sie
Wir
ihr
sie/Sie
Practice:

Verb
Mache
Machst
Macht
Machen
Macht
Machen

Other rules:
1. For verbs ending with -ln

2. For verbs ending with -ern

German verbs whose infinitive stem ends in -ern also form their present tense by
removing the -n of the stem and adding the normal endings. In spoken German, thee of the stem is sometimes omitted in the first person singular - i.e. ich wand(e)re. In
written German however, the -e of the stem is retained. Note also:
that the "wir" ending on such verbs is -n, not -en
that the formal "Sie" ending is also -n
that the third person plural ending is also -n, not -en

Some Irregular verbs for test 1:

Practice: Find the conjugation for haben, tragen and treffen

Past tense of Sein

Pronoun

Verb

Ich

War

Du

Bist

Er/es/sie

War

Wir

Waren

ihr

Wart

sie/Sie

Waren

Special rules
So far all the countries which we have encountered have been neuter, and are never
used with the definite article. A small number of names for countries however
are feminine and are always preceded by the definite article "die".
Die Schweiz

Switzerland

Die Trkei

Turkey

Die Tschechische Republik

Czech Republic

Die Slowakei

Slovakia

Die Ukraine

Ukraine

When you explain that you come from any of these countries, you also have to include
the definite article with the preposition - but this article changes from "die" to"der".
We shall see in a subsequent section that this is because it is now in the dative case.
Eg. Ich komme aus der Schweiz. I come from switzerland.

A small number of countries are written in the plural in German. In this case the
definite article changes from "die" to "den":
Die USA
Die Vereinigten Staaten
Die Niederlande
Eg. Ich komme aus den USA.

The USA
The Netherlands

Note that "die Niederlande" adds an "n" when we write "in den
Niederlanden" or "aus den
Niederlanden". This again is a result of
the noun now being in the dativecase.
A few countries are masculine in
German, particularly in the Middle East
- "der Libanon" (= Lebanon), "der Irak" (=
Iraq) "der Iran" (= Iran), "der Jemen" (=
Yemen). They too are almost always used
with the definite article, which changes
from "der" to "dem" when you are
describing where you are from.
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