Smart Vehicular Traffic Density Analyzer--SVTDA

Presented by
ESSIEN IKANKE EDEM: ANU09140048
JOHN BAPTIST EWUSI-ANSAH: ANU09140198
LINUS ANTONIO OFORI AGYEKUM: ANU08130018
Under the supervision of
MR. ERIC SACKEY

in partial fulfillment for the award of degree

of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

9/22/2012

ALL NATIONS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

KOFORIDUA
OCTOBER, 2012

Objectives

To solve traffic congestion which is a severe

problem in many modern cities all over the world.
Using national electricity grid as well as
generating power from solar energy to improve upon
the power efficiency.

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Existing Technologies
The list below are some existing technologies for road
traffic signaling;

Human Based Signaling.

Constant Time Based Signaling.
Centralized System.

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Block Diagram
Power Supply

National
Grid
Automatic Power
Switching Circuit

Solar
Module

IR
Transmitter
(4-Junctions)

IR
Receiver
(4-Junctions)

Sensing Unit
WEST SIDE
RED
YELLOW
GREEN

NORTH SIDE
M
I
C
R
O
C
O
N
T
R
O
L
L
E
R

RED
YELLOW
GREEN
SOUTH SIDE
RED
YELLOW
GREEN
EAST SIDE
RED
YELLOW
4
GREEN

Advantages Of SVTDA System

Power Efficient.

Time Saving.
Eliminates High Traffic Density.

High Accuracy.
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Automatic Power Switching Circuit

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Transmitter & Receiver Circuit

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Control Circuit

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Numerical Analysis
Automatic Power switching calculations
To calculate for resistance value R2 to enable LED1, LED forward current must be
between the range of 5 mA and 20 mA.

Where
Vs = voltage supply = 5 V
VL = LED1 Voltage = 2 V
ILED1= Current flowing through LED1 = 9 mA.
Hence

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Continued
To also calculate for the collector current for the relay switch RL1 built around
transistor Q1, the collector current is given by

Where
IC = Collector Current
VS = Supply Voltage=5 V
VBE = Emitter Base Current = 5 V
R1 = Base Resistance =2.2 k
= Common Emitter Current Gain = 100

Ic

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10

Continued
To also compute the +Vref of IC2, it is given by the formula below

Where
VBATT = Battery voltage = 5 V
R5 = 220
R4 = 220

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11

Continued
To also compute the +Vref of IC3, it is given by the formula below

Where
VBATT = Battery Voltage = 4 V
R8 = 220
R9 = 470
Hence

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12

Continued
Transmitter Circuit Calculation
To calculate for the value of R1 that will limit the current flowing through the IR LED
to a relatively high value on a scale of 1 mA to 40 mA

Where
VS = Supply Voltage = 5 V
VL = LED1 Voltage = 1.63 V
IIR-LED = 33.787 mA
Hence

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13

Continued
Traffic Indicator Calculation
To calculate for the limiting resistance value for R1 for LED1, the LED forward
current is in the range of 5 mA and 20 mA

Where
VS = Supply Voltage = 5 V
VL = LED1 Voltage = 2 V
ITI-LED1 = Current Flowing Through LED1 = 13.5 mA
Hence

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14

Continued
Reset Circuit
To calculate the time taken for capacitor C3 to fully charge, the formula is given
below as;

Where
T = Time Constant
R9 = 10 k
C10 =10 F
Hence

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15

System Specification

Supply Power

5 V DC from National Grid & Solar

Current

1A

Transmitter

Infrared

Transmitter Frequency

38 kHz

Receiver

Photodiode

Microcontroller

AT89C51

Programming Tools & Software

Kiel Vision 3.0, Matlab & NI Multism

Traffic Indicators

Light Emitting Diodes

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16

Architecture Of SVTDA System

NORTH

R
X

T
X

WEST

EAST
SOUTH

WI

S
I

RX

TX

TX

RX
N
I

EI

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T
X

R
X

N I North Indicator
S I South Indicator
E I East Indicator
17
W I West Indicator