Unit 8

Ex 1
a stopped, had robbed b turned on, was climbing
c arrived, had missed d tried, died e had made, had
gone f had just finished, hadn't had g didn't answer,
was painting h wasn't working, was i woke up, had
been snowing j landed, had been waiting
Ex 2

a left b completed c hasn't arrived d haven't played

e liked f did you go g hasn't taken h Have you seen
i did you realise j 've had
Ex 3

a gave up b had learned c were travelling d had

composed e was visiting f listened g had kept
h had published i managed j had listened k had
become l had m wrote n was working o fell

Ex4
aA bB cC dA eD f B gA hA iD jB
Ex 5

a are you getting on b I haven't written

c I've been training d played e came f enjoyed
g I haven't done h arrived i went j was raining
k arrived Iwas crossing m splashed n changed
o is expecting p told q hasn't arrived r has
discovered s died t bought u was working
v recognized w painted x paid y say

Unit 9
Ex 1

a will be, will continue, will claim b will cause, will

probably destroy c will never want, will reach
d will crash, will cause e will come, will have to
Ex 2

a will hold b will take place c will provide

d will carry e will selI f will cost g will use
Ex 3
a6

b 8 c 9 d 10 e 2 f 7 g 1 h 4 i 5 j 3

Ex4

Suggested answers: a I'm not going to waste pap er.

b I'm going to recycle paper and cardboard as much
as I can. c I'm going to recycle bottles, cans and
organic waste. d I'm not going to take plastic bags
from the supermarket. e I'm not going to make
unnecessary car joumeys. f I'm going to walk or
use a bike. g I'm going to buy local produce. h
I'm going to take a shower not a bath. i I'm going
to change to low-energy light bulbs. j I'm going to
tum off unnecessary lights.

Ex 5

a The volcano is going to erupt. b The water is

going to disappear. c The river is going to flood
the houses. d The ship is going to hit the iceberg.
e H's going to snow (again). f The trees are going
to blow down. / The wind is going to blow down the
trees.
Ex 6

Suggested answers: a I'm going to do biology.

b I'lI be back at twa o'clock. c H isn't going to
work. d ShalI I tum the lights on? e I'1I sit with
Helen. f I'm going to study engineering.

Unit 10
Ex 1

a retires 7 b takes off 3 c continues 8 d starts 9

e takes place 4 f rises 10 g expires 6 h closes 2
i leaves 5 j open 1
Ex 2

a are holding b is coming c is glvmg d is

showing e are serving fis arriving gIs, meeting
h are picking, up, taking i is leaving
Ex 3

a will break b is going to come out c is going to

start d I won't drop it. e We're playing f I'1Itake
g I'm going to study h I'1I see you
Ex 4

a I'lI be lying b I'lI be waiting c I'lI be working

d I'1Ibe starting e I'lI be going f I'lI be watching
g I'lI be living h I'lI be catching

Ex 5

a will have started b will / won't have invented

c will / won't have found d will / won't have
discovered e will / won't have moved f will /
won't have used g will / won't have become
h will / won't have made

Ex 6

a will continue b enters c will grow d finishes

e occurs f will become g collide h will form
i begins j will produce k will grow l increases
m will be n stops o expands p will absarb
q uses r will become s won't make t will be

Ex 7
aA bC cC dB eC f C gB hC iB jC

Unit 46
Ex 1
aNo bYes cNo dYes eYes f No gYes hNo
iYes jYes
Ex 2

a 4 Linnaeus was a botanist who worked out a

method of naming plants and animals. b 2
Marie Curie was a physicist and the first woman
who received a Nobel Prize. c 7 Aristotle was a
philosopher who taught Alexander the Great.
d 3 Mary Shelley was a writer who wrote the novel
Frankenstein. e1 Andre-Marie Ampere was a
physicist who made an instrument for measuring
current and voltage. f S Sonja Henie was an iceskater
who took part in the Olympic Games at the
age of 11. g 8 Maria Montessori was a doctor who
invented a new method of teaching young children.
h 6 Marco Polo was a merchant who visited China in
the 13th century.
Ex 3

a J S Bach had two sons whose music was betterknown

than his for many years. b John F Kennedy
had a brother, Robert, whose death was also a
political assassination. c Lord Byron the poet had a
daughter, Ada Lovelace, whose work in mathematics
led to the development of the first computer.
d Pablo Picasso had a daughter, Paloma, whose
fashion designs have become famous worldwide.
e John Lennon had a son, Julian, whose music career
has not been as successful as his father's. f The
astronom er William Herschel had asister, Caroline,
whose research contributed to his discoveries.
g Paul McCartney has a daughter, Stella, whose
career in fashion design has been very successful.
Ex 4
a The word cell comes from the Latin cella which
means a smalI roam. b All cells have a membrane
Ol'skin which covers the cell. c lnside the cell is
a substance called the cytoplasm which contains
a number of chemicals. d All cells contain DNA
which holds genetic information. e They also
contain RNAwhich includes the information the
cells need to build proteins. f All cells contain a
nucleus which controls the actions of the cell.
g Bacteria consist of only one cell which can divide
and make other new bacteria. h One of the most
complex structures is the human body which
contains over 100,000 billion cells.
Ex 5

a Einstein is a scientist who I admire.

b Shakespeare is a writer I don't understand.
c Marie Curie is a scientist whom we are studying.
d Newton is a physicist we often discuss.
e Homer is an ancient Greek writer who we study in
translation. f Leonardo is an artist that everybody
knows. g Jane Austen is an author most people

enjoy. h Beethoven is a composer that I like.

Ex 6

a This is the lamp I made in a craft lesson. b This

is the ball we lost in the park last week. c This is
the poem I wrote in my first year. d This is the
portrait she painted as part of hel' project. e This
is the computer we used to get the results. f This
is the dog we found in the playground. g This is
the book I borrowed from the library. h This is the
photo Mr Smith took of the basket-ball team
Ex 7

a which / that b which / that c which / that

d which / that e who / that f which / that gh
which / that i of which j which / that kwhich /
that I who / that m whose n which / that o -

Unit 47
Ex 1

a The polar bear, which is also known as the white bear,

is a large bear that lives in the Arctic. b The polar bear,
which has a population of about 20,000, is found all
across the Arctic. c About 60 % of the bears, which
hunt well on land and in water, are found in Canada.
d The Polar Bear, which is threatened by global
warming, may become extinct by the end of the century.
e The sea ice in the Arctic, which bears use as a platform
when they hunt seals, is beginning to melt. f The polar
bear, which is twice the weight of a lian or tiger, is the
largest land predator. g The maIes, which are twice the
size of the females, weigh between 400kg and 600kg.
h The bear cubs, which are bom helpless and blind,
remain with their mothers for ten months. i Adult
bears, which do not hiberna te, live for as long as 30
years. j Polar bears, which are excellent swimmers, can
often be seen in open water kilometres from land.
Ex 2

a Alan Graham is the teacher I've learnt most from. b

He is someone I have the greatest respect for. c We
all admire people we owe a lot to. d Especially if it is
a person we enjoy working with. e There are some
people you can easily form a relationship with. f But
you don't always wark with people you feel admiration
for. g And now here is the person we have all been
waiting for. h He is the man I am pleased to present
the Teacher of the Year Award to.
Ex 3

a There are a number of trees and plants from which

rubber is taken.
b The Para rubber tree is the major commercial source
from which rubber is extracted.
c Brazil is the country from which rubber originates.
d Ancient Central American cultures collected rubber,
from which they made balls.
e The Mayas made temporary shoes by using a rubber
mixture, into which they dipped their feet.

f The people in Brazil used a mixture of rubber, from

which they made waterproof clothes.
g In England people noticed it was a substance with
which you could rub out marks.
h This was the origin of the name by which English
people called it.
Ex4
a which is b which c which d which e - f which
g - h which i which j which kwhich I which
m which was n which o with which
Ex 5

a why b when c where d when e when

f why g when h why i when j when
Ex 6
a who b where c which d which e - f which
g who h which i which j whom k where l which
m which n when o who