1Note:

I.

OUTLINE IN PERSONS
AND FAMILY RELATIONS
SY 2013-2014
------------------All articles references are to the Family Code unless a Civil Code
article reference ( NCC ) is indicated.

INTRODUCTION
1 Tolentino, Civil Code, pp. 1-10 [1990 Edition]

II.

EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS

Arts. 1 to 13, pp. 1-52 of Tolentino
NCC 1 - 18
A. When law takes effect
NCC 2
Revised Administrative Code (RAC) Secs. 18-24
Exec. Order 200, Sec. 2
Administrative Code of 1987,
Pesigan v. Angeles 129 SCRA 174
Taada v. Tuvera 136 SCRA 27
Natl. Electrification Adm. V. Gonzaga, G.R. No. 158761,
Dec. 04, 2007
Garcillano v. House of Reps, G.R. No. 170338, Dec. 23, 2008
Commissioner v Hypermix, G.R. No. 179579, February 1, 2012
B. Ignorance of the law
NCC 3
Kasilag v. Rodriguez, 69 PHIL 217
Elegado v. Court of Appeals, 173 SCRA 285

C. Retroactivity of laws
NCC 4, cf. NCC 2252 - 2269

Revised Penal Code (RPC) 22

Family Code (FC) 256
Simon v Chan, G.R. No. 157547, February 23, 2011
Accenture v Commissioner, G.R. 190102, July 11, 2012
U.P. v Dizon, G.R. 18112, August 23, 2012
PERT.CPM v Vinuya, G.R. 197528, Sept. 5, 2012
Francisco vs. CA , G.R. No. 102330, November 25, 1998
CF: Pesca vs. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921, April 17, 2001
D. Mandatory or Prohibitory Laws
NCC Art. 5 with NCC Art. 17 (3)
Nerwin v PNOC, G.R. No. 167057, April 11, 2012
E. Waiver of rights
NCC Art. 6
NCC Art. 2035
PEFTOK Integrated Services v. NLRC, G.R. No. 124841, July 31, 1998
DM Consunji vs. CA, G.R. No. 137873, April 20, 2001
Aujero v. PhilComSat, G.R. No. 193484, January 18, 2012
Villareal v. People, G.R.No.151258, February1, 2012
FF Cruz v HR Industries, GR 187251, March 14, 2012

F. Repeal of laws
NCC 7
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XVIII Sec. 3
FC 254, 255
Thornton vs. Thornton, G.R. No. 154598, Aug. 16, 2004
Kida v Senate, G.R. No. 196271, February 28, 2012

G.

Judicial Decisions

NCC 8
Pesca v. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921, April 17, 2001
De Castro v. JBC, G. R. No. 191002, April 20, 2010
Ty v. Banco Filipino, G.R. No. 188302, June 27, 2012
Virtucio v. Alegarbes, G.R. No. 187451, August 29, 2012
H. Duty to render judgment
NCC 9, 10
RPC 5
People v. Ritter 194 SCRA 690
Alonzo v. Padua, 150 SCRA 379
Barcellano v. Baas, GR 165287, September 14, 2011
I. Presumption and Applicability of Custom
NCC 11 - 12
cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XII Sec. 5
Rules of Court Rule 129 (2), (3)
Martinez v. Van Buskirk, 18 Phil. 79

J. Legal periods
NCC 13
cf. Rules of Court (ROC) Rule 22
RAC Sec. 31
CIR v. Primetown, GR 162155, August 28, 2007
Montajes v. People, G.R. No. 183449, March 12, 2012
K. Applicability of Penal Laws
NCC 14, 17(3), RPC Art. 2
L.

Binding effect

NCC 15
cf. FC 26 par. 2
Tenchavez v. Escao 15 SCRA 355
ATCI Overseas Corp v. Echin, G.R. No. 178551, Oct. 11, 2010
Tuna Processing Inc. v. Phil. Kingford, G.R. No. 185582, Feb. 29, 2012
NCC 16
Amos v Bellis, 20 SCRA 358
NCC 17
Raytheon v Rouzie, G.R. No. 162894, February 26, 2008
NCC 18
Tamano v. Ortiz, G.R. No. 126603, June 29, 1998
Llave v. Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011
Zamoranos v. People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011
III. HUMAN RELATIONS
NCC 19-22
People v. Ritter, 194 SCRA 690
Carpio v. Valmonte, G.R. No. 151866, Sept. 09, 2004
Nikko Hotel Manila Garden v. Reyes, G.R. No. 154259, Feb. 28, 2005
Pacis v. Morales, G.R. No. 169467, Feb. 25, 2010
IV. PERSONS & PERSONALITY
A. The concept of a person and personality
NCC 37 - 39
Classes of persons and their distinctions
Elements of civil capacity
Juridical capacity v. personality

Juridical capacity v. capacity to act

B. Commencement and termination of personality

1. Natural Persons
(a) Birth
NCC 40 - 41
1987 Constitution, Art. II Sec. 12
P.D. 603 [Child and Youth Welfare Code], Art. 5
FC 164
RPC Arts. 256 - 259
Geluz v. CA, 2 SCRA 801
Quimiging v. Icao, 34 SCRA 134
De Jesus v. Syquia, 58 Phil 866
Continental Steel v. Montano, G.R. No. 182836, October 13, 2009
(b) Death
NCC 42
Limjoco v. Intestate Estate of Pio Fragante, 80 Phil 776
Dumlao v. Quality Plastics, 70 SCRA 472
Eugenio v. Velez, 185 SCRA 425
Marcos v. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211. Oct. 27, 1989
NCC 43
ROC Rule 131 Sec. 3 (jj) - (kk) (1989 Rev. Rules on Evidence)
Joaquin v. Navarro, 93 Phil 257
2. Juridical Persons
NCC 44-47
Batas Pambansa Blg. 68 (Corp. Code), Secs. 2, 4, 17
NCC 1767-1768

C.

Restrictions on civil capacity

1. Presumption of capacity, Art. 37 NCC
Catalan v. Basa, G.R. No. 159567, July 31, 2007
2. Restrictions on capacity to act
NCC 38 - 39, cf. NCC 1327
(a) Minority
1. Age of majority, R.A. 6809
2. A.M. NO. 03-02-05-SC Rules on Guardianship
3. Suffrage, Sec. 1 Art. V 1987 Constitution [cf. Sangguniang
Kabataan]
4. Marriage, FC 5; 45 (1); cf. R.A. 6809
5. Contracts
NCC 1327
NCC 1390 (par. 1), 1403 (par. 3)
NCC 1397, 1399
NCC 1489
NCC 1426 - 1427
Mercado v. Espiritu, 37 Phil 215
Bambalan v. Maramba, 51 Phil 417
Suan & Chiao v. Alcantara, 85 Phil 669
Braganza v. Villa-Abrille, 105 Phil 456
6. Criminal liability
RPC 12 (2) - (3);
RPC 13 (2); PD 603 Secs. 189 204
Also see: Rule 3, Section 5, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure
Comprehensive Juvenile Justice Act (R.A. No. 9344), Secs. 6 & 7

Atizado v. People, GR No. 173822, October 13, 2010

(b) Insanity
1. Marriage, FC 45 (2)
2. Contracts, NCC 1327 (1), 1328
3. Criminal liability,
RPC 12 (1)
Rule 101, Rules of Court
US v. Vaquilar, 27 Phil 88
People v. Rafanan, 204 SCRA 65
Standard Oil v. Arenas, G.R. No. L-5921, July 25, 1911
People v. Bugalao, G.R. No. 184757, Oct. 5, 2011
Oropesa v. Oropesa, G.R. No. 184528, April 25, 2012
Crewlink v. Teringtering, G.R. No. 166803, October 14, 2012
(c) Deaf-Mutism, NCC 1327 (2), 807 & 820
(d) Prodigality, ROC Rule 92 Sec. 2
(e) Civil Interdiction, RPC 31, 34, 41
Jalosjos v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 193237, October 9, 2012
(f) Family Relations
FC 150-151; cf. FC 87, 37, 38
NCC 1490
NCC 2035
cf. NCC 963-967
(g) Alienage, cf. Art. IV, Secs. 1-5, 1987 Constitution
Cordora v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 176947, February 19, 2009
(h) Absence, NCC 381 396, FC 41
Olaguer v. Purugganan, G.R. No. 158907, February 12, 2007

(i) Insolvency and Trusteeship, NCC 1381, 1491, 2236

Umale v. ASB Realty, G.R. No. 181126, June 15, 2011
(j) Gender, Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution; cf. NCC 403
See also: Rule 3 Section 4, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure
(k)

Physical Incapacity/Disease, FC 45(5), 45(6), 46, NCC 820

D. Domicile and residence of persons

1. Juridical persons, NCC 51
2. Natural persons
NCC 50
FC 68-69, cf. NCC 110
cf. FC 55, 101, 149, 152, 101
Jalosjos v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 191970, April 24, 2012

V. INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY CODE

Tolentino, Persons and Family Relations in the Civil Code
A. Effect and Retroactivity
E.O. 209, as amended by E.O. 227, R.A. 6809, R.A. 7610
FC 256, cf. FC 36 in rel. to 39, FC 105, FC 162, FC 257
Lupo Atienza v. Judge Brilliantes, 243 SCRA 32
Bernabe v. Alejo, 374 SCRA 180
Fuentes v. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010
B. Repeal/Amendment
FC 254, 255

V.

MARRIAGE & PERSONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SPOUSES

A. The concept of marriage
FC 1 cf. NCC 52, FC 149
Art II Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution
Art. XV Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution

B. Nature of marriage in Philippine law

FC 1
cf. Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa), 1989 Rules on Evidence,
NCC 220
Muslim Code, (P.D. 1083) Sec. 14
Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252
Perido v. Perido, 63 SCRA 97
Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007
People v. Dela Cruz, G.R. No.187683, February 11, 2010
De Santis v. Intestate Estate Jalandoni, December 1, 2010
Espinosa v .Omana, A.C. No. 9081, October 12, 2011
C. Agreements prior to marriage
1. Stipulations in marriage
FC 1 cf. NCC 221
Panganiban v. Borromeo, 58 PHIL 367
In re Santiago, 70 PHIL 66
Espinosa v. Atty. Omana, A.C. No. 9081, October 12, 2011
2. Breach of promise to marry
NCC 19 - 21; NCC 2176; NCC 1403 2(c)
FC 22

Hermosisima v. CA, 109 Phil 629

Wassmer v. Velez, 12 SCRA 648
Tanjanco v. CA, 18 SCRA 994
Baksh v. CA, 219 SCRA 115
Abanag v. Mabute, A.M. No. P-11-2922, April 4, 2011

D. Requisites for a valid marriage

1 Tolentino 222 - 269
Mariategui v. CA, 205 SCRA 337
Makati Shangri-La v. Harper, G.R. No. 189998, August 29, 2012
1. Kinds of requisites & effects of non-compliance
FC 2-3; FC 4; FC 5; FC 35; FC 45 cf. NCC 53
RPC 350-351
De Mijares v. Villaluz, 274 SCRA 1
2. Essential requisites
(a) Legal Capacity
(i) Gender, FC 2 (1) cf. FC 148
Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007
(ii) Age
FC 5; FC 35 (1); R.A. 6809 cf. FC 21
NCC 54 & 80 (1)
RPC 344
cf. DOJ Opinion 145 S.1991 (Oct. 1991)

10

(iii) Absence of impediment, FC 5, 35

Garcia v. Recio, 365 SCRA 437
Te v. Choa, G.R. No. 126446, Nov. 29, 2000 (346 SCRA 327)
Nollora v. People, G.R. No. 191425, September 7, 2011

3. Parental consent
FC 14; FC 45 (1)
4. Consent freely given by both spouses
(a). Mistake as to identity,
FC 35 (5); NCC 86 (1)
(b). Effect of insanity, FC 45 (2)
(c). Effect of fraud, FC 45 (3); FC 46, NCC 1338
1344
Anaya v. Palaroan, G.R. No. L-27930, Nov. 26, 1970
(d). Effect of force, intimidation and undue
influence, FC 45 (4); NCC 1335 1337
Villanueva v. CA, 505 SCRA 564
(e).

Effect of physical incapacity/impotence, FC

45 (5)

Jimenez v. Caizares, 109 Phil 27

Alcazar v Alcazar, G.R. No. 174451, October 13,
2009
(f) Effect of affliction with STD, FC 45 (6); 46 (3)
5. Formal Requisites

11

(a) Marriage license

Republic v. CA, 236 SCRA 257
Sevilla v. Cardenas, 497 SCRA 429
Sy v. CA, G.R. No. 127263, April 12, 2000
Alcantara vs. Alcantara, G.R. No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
De Castro v De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13, 2008
Abbas vs Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013

1. Where to apply, FC 9 - 10
2. Requirements for issuance
a. application, FC 11
b. proof of capacity, FC 12-14; FC 21 cf. NCC 84
cf. DOJ Opinion 50 S. 1991 (April 30, 1991)
DOJ Opinion 146 S. 1991 (Oct. 17, 1991)
c. parental advice, FC 15
d. marriage counseling, FC 16
e. publication, FC 17
f. investigation of impediments, FC 18
g. payment of fees, FC 19
h. family planning certificate, P.D. 965
3. Place where valid, FC 20
4. Period of validity, FC 20
5. Duties of the Civil Registrar, FC 24-25
Alcantara v. Alcantara, G.R. No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
6. marriages exempt from license requirement
FC 27-34, cf. NCC 76, P.D. 1083
Nial v. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000
De Castro v. De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13, 2008
Republic v. Dayot, G.R. No. 175581/179474, March 28, 2008

12

(b) Authority of the solemnizing officer

1. Who are authorized
FC 7, 10, 31 & 32
NCC 56, 74, 76
R.A. 7160 (1991 Local Government Code),
Secs. 444(b)(1)(xviii), 445 (b)(1)(xviii)
Aranes v. Occiano, 380 SCRA 402
Navarro v. Domagtoy, A.M. No. MTJ-96-1088, July 19, 1996
2. How authorized
FC 7 (2) cf. NCC 92-96
Vilar v. Paraiso, 96 Phil 659
3. Effect of absence of authority
FC 4; FC 35 (2)
RPC 352
cf. Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355 at page 360
4. Duties of the solemnizing officer, FC 23-24
5. Effect of irregularity, FC 4
(c) Marriage Ceremony
1. Form of ceremony, FC 3 (3); FC 6 cf. FC 33, FC 8
Martinez v. Tan, 12 Phil 731
COMPARE TO: Morigo v. People, G.R. No. 145226,
February 06, 2004

13

2. Place for ceremony, FC 8; FC 28-29; FC 32-33

3. Issuance of marriage certificate, FC 6; FC 22, 23
Madridejo v. De Leon, 55 Phil 1
People v. Borromeo, 133 SCRA 106
Shangri-La v. Harper, G.R. No. 189998, August 29, 2012
E. Law governing validity of marriages abroad
1 Tolentino 260 - 263
1. General rule in contracts
(a) As to form, NCC 17 (1) and (2)
(b) As to substantive requirements, NCC 15 & 17 (3)
2. Special rule in marriage
(a) lex loci celebrationis, FC 26; FC 21, FC 10
Yao Kee v. Sy-Gonzales, 167 SCRA 786
Republic v. Orbecido III, G.R. No. 154380, October 5, 2005
(b) Exceptions
FC 26 in relation to
FC 35(1), 35(4), 35(5) and (6), 36, 37 & 38
cf. NCC 71
DOJ Opinion No. 11 S. 1990 (Jan. 17, 1990)
F. Common-law marriages/ live-in relationships
FC 147, cf. RPC 350
FC 148 (adulterous)
Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa) (cc), 1989 Rules on Evidence cf. NCC 220
FC 26 par. 1
NCC Book II, Title III (484-501)
Lesaca v. Lesaca, 91 Phil 135

14

Yaptinchay v. Torres, 28 SCRA 489

Eugenio v. Velez, G.R. No. 85140, May 17, 1990
Estrada v. Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, August 4, 2003
G. Void Marriages
1 Tolentino 270 - 310
General rule, FC 4
1. Kinds of void marriages
(a) Absence of requisites
cf. VII (D) of Outline
FC 35 cf. FC 234, RA 6809
Alcantara v. Alcantara, G.R. No. 1677446, Aug. 18, 2007
So v. Valera, G.R. No. 150677, June 5, 2009
De Castro v. De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, Feb. 13, 2008
Republic v. Dayot, G.R. No. 175581, March 28, 2008
Abbas v. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
(b) Bigamous and polygamous marriages,
FC 35(4), 39, 40, 41, 44
RPC 344, 349
Mercado v. Tan, 337 SCRA 122
Bobis v. Bobis, G.R. No. 139509, July 31, 2000
Ty v. CA, G.R. No.127406, Nov. 27, 2000
Morigo v. Morigo, 422 SCRA
Tenebro v. CA, G.R. No. 150758. February 18, 2004
(read concurring opinion of Justice Vitug and dissent of
Justice Carpio)
Teves v. People, G.R. No. 188775, August 24, 2011
Nollora v. People, G.R. No. 191425, September 7, 2011
Montanez v. Cipriano, G.R. No. 181089, October 22, 2012
(c) Subsequent marriage, upon reappearance of absent spouse
FC 41 in relation to FC 42-44

15

NCC 390-391, FC 55 (9), FC 101

Jones v. Hortiguela, 64 Phil 179
Republic v. Nolasco, 220 SCRA 20, March 17, 1993
Bienvenido v. CA, 237 SCRA 676, October 24, 1994
SSS v. Jarque, G.R. No. 165545, March 24, 2006
Procedure
Republic v. Granada, G.R. No. 187512, June 13, 2012

(d) Bad faith of both spouses, under FC 44

(e) Psychological incapacity under FC 36
FC 36, 39, 68-73
R.A. No. 8533
Santos v. CA, 240 SCRA 20
Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA, G.R. No. 119190, Jan. 16, 1997
Republic v. Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997
Hernandez v. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 76, Dec. 08, 1999
Marcos v. Marcos, 343 SCRA 755, October 19, 2000
Republic v. Dagdag, 351 SCRA 425
Republic v. Quintero-Hamano, G.R. No. 149498, May 20, 2004
Antonio v. Reyes, G.R. No. 155800, Mar. 10, 2005
Republic v. Tanyag-San Jose, 517 SCRA 123, Feb. 6, 2007
Almelor v. RTC-Las Pinas, G.R. No. 179620, Aug. 26, 2008
Te v. Te, G.R. No. 161793, Feb. 13, 2009
Azcueta v. Republic, G.R. No. 180668, May 26, 2009
Halili v. Halili, G.R. No. 165424, June 9, 2009 (Motion for
Reconsideration)
Najera v. Najera, G.R. No. 164817, July 3, 2009
Camacho-Reyes v. Reyes, G.R. No. 185286, August 18, 2010
Kalaw v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 166357, September 19, 2011
Mendoza v. Republic, G.R. No. 157854, November 12, 2012
Republic v. Encelan, G.R. No. 170022, Jan. 9, 2013

16

(f) Incestuous marriages, FC 37 cf. NCC 963-967

(g) Marriages against public policy
FC 38, compare FC 38(6) with NCC 80(6)
RPC 246
NCC 80(7), 82
NCC 963-967
(h) Non-compliance under FC 53, 52
Sec. 21, 22 and 23, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
2. Who can invoke nullity, FC 36, FC 39, FC 40
Sec. 2, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
Nial v. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000
Catalan v. Court of Appeals, 514 SCRA 607, February 6, 2007
Enrico v. Heirs of Sps. Medinaceli, G.R. No. 173614, Sept. 28, 2007
Carlos v. Sandoval, G.R. No. 179922, December 16, 2008
Ablaza v. Republic, G.R. No. 158298, August 11, 2010
3. When to file action for declaration of nullity
FC 39 in relation to FC 255, 256
FC 42, par. 2

4. Procedure in actions for declaration of nullity

a. Requisite for valid remarriage
b. Safeguards against collusion, FC 48
Malcampo Sin v. Sin, 355 SCRA 285
Ancheta v. Ancheta, 424 SCRA 725
Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 159594, Nov. 12, 2012
c. No confession of judgment, FC 48; cf. NCC 2035
d

A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003

17

Jocson v. Robles, 22 SCRA 521

Tolentino v. Villanueva, 56 SCRA 1
e. Participation of the OSG
Mendoza v. Republic, G.R. No. 157854, November 12, 2012
f. No Motion to Dismiss
Aurelio v. Aurelio, G.R. No. 175367, June 6, 2011
5. Effects of pendency of action for declaration of nullity - Art.
49, 198, 50 (2)
6. Effects of res judicata
Mallion v. Alcantara, 506 SCRA 336
7. Effects of final judgment declaring nullity
(a) In general, FC 50-54, 198, 213 but see FC
147-148
(b) On remarriage, FC 40, 41
Wiegel v. Sempio-Diy, 143 SCRA 499
Terre v. Terre, 211 SCRA 6
Domingo v. CA, 226 SCRA 572
Cario v. Cario, 351 SCRA 127
Bobis v. Bobis, G.R. No. 138509, July 31, 2000
Mercado v. Tan, G.R. No 137110, August 1, 2000
Ty v. CA, 346 SCRA 327
Morigo v. Morigo, 422 SCRA 376
Montanez v. Cipriano, G.R. No. 181089, Oct. 22, 2012
(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses
(d) On the property regime of the marriage

18

FC 147-148
Valdes v. QC-RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996
Dino v. Dino, G.R. No. 178044, January 19, 2011
Yu v. Reyes-Carpio, G.R. No. 189207, June 15, 201
Cabreza v Cabreza, G.R. No. 181962, January 16, 2012
(e) On legitimes of the common children
FC 50-53, FC 51 in rel to NCC 886, 888;
FC 176
NCC 908, 1061
Sec. 21, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
COMPARE TO: FC 147
Dino v. Dino, G.R. No. 178044, January 19, 2011
COMPARE TO:
Yu v. Carpio-Reyes, G.R. No. 189207, June 15, 2011
(f) On the status and custody of children
FC Art. 54, Art. 176
(g) On use of surnames, NCC Art. 371
Yasin vs Shari'a, G.R. No.94986 February 23, 1995
Bar Matter No. 1625 Petition to Use Maiden Name in Petition
to Take the 2006 Bar Examinations, Josephine P. Uy-Timosa

Remo v. DFA, G.R. No. 169202, March 2010

(h) On hereditary rights, FC 43, 50, 54
(i) Effect of death, Art. 103, 130
Heirs of Go v. Servacio, G.R. No. 157537, Sept. 7, 2011

19

H. Voidable Marriages
Tolentino 270 - 310
1. Void v. voidable marriages, FC 4 cf. 45
Weigel v. Sempio-Dy, 143 SCRA 499
Terre v. Terre, 211 SCRA 6
2

Grounds for annulment

(a) Absence of parental consent,
FC 5(1), 45(1), 47(1), R.A. 6809 (An Act Lowering the Age
of Majority from Twenty-One to Eighteen Years) cf. FC 14
(b) Insanity, FC 45(2), 47(2), NCC Art. 1149
Katipunan v. Tenorio, 38 OG 172, 1937
People v. Boaquina, G.R. No. 188978, June 13, 2012
Oropesa v. Oropesa, G.R. No. 184528, April 25, 2012
Crewlink v. Teringtering, G.R. No. 166803, October 14, 2012
(c) Fraud
FC 45(3), 46, 47(3)
Hernandez v. CA, 320 SCRA 76, Dec. 08, 1999
NCC 1338-1344
Buccat v. Buccat, 72 Phil 49
Aquino v. Delizo, 108 Phil 21
Anaya v. Palaroan, 36 SCRA 97
Almelor v. RTC, G.R. No. 179620, August 26, 2008

(d) Force, intimidation and undue influence

20

FC 45(4), 47(4)
NCC 1335-1337
RPC 344, last paragraph
Ruiz v. Atienza, 40 O.G. 1903
(e) Physical incapacity/impotence
FC 45(5), 47(5)
Jimenez v. Caizares, 109 Phil 273
Sarao v. Guevara, 40 OG 11 Supp 263, 1940
Alcazar v. Alcazar, G.R. No. 174451, October 13, 2009
(f) Affliction with STD, FC (45(6), compare with FC 46(3), 47(5)
3. Who can seek annulment
FC 47, Sec. 3, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003

4 When to seek annulment - FC 47, NCC 1149

5. Procedure in actions for annulment
FC Art. 48, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC. March 4, 2003
Barcelona v. CA, G. R. No. 130087, Sept. 24, 2003
6. Effects of pendency of action for annulment
FC 49, 213
A.M. No. 02-11-12-SC, March 4, 2003
7. Effects of annulment, FC 50-54, 43, 102, 129, 213
a

In general
Chan-Tan v. Chan, G.R. No. 167139, Feb. 25, 2010

(b) On remarriage
(c) On rights & obligations between the former spouses
(d) On the property regime of the marriage

21

FC 50, FC 43(2) cf. FC 102(4), 129

Buenaventura v. CA, G.R. No. 127358, March 31, 2005
(e) On presumptive legitimes/hereditary rights
FC 50-53, FC 51 in relation to NCC 886, 888;
FC 176
NCC 908, 1061
FC 102 (5), 43 (2), 50 (2), 51, 63 (2), 129, 135
Yu v. Reyes-Carpio, G.R. No. 189207, June 15, 2011
(f) On the status and custody of children, FC 213
(g) On use of surnames, NCC Art. 371
Yasin v. Shari'a, G.R. No. 94986, February 23, 1995
Bar Matter No. 1625 Josephine P. Uy-Timosa
Remo v. DFA, G.R. No. 169202, March 05, 2010

I. Marriage when one spouse is absent

FC 41-44, compare with NCC 83, 85(2) and 87(2)
cf. RPC 349
SSS v. De Bailon, G.R. No. 165545, March 24, 2006
Valdez v. Republic, G.R. No. 180863, September 8, 2009
J. Marriages dissolved by a foreign judgment
NCC 15, 17 (3)
FC 26 (2)
Arca v. Javier, G.R. No. L-6768, July 31, 1954

22

Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355

Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
Quita v. CA, 300 SCRA 406
Llorente v. CA, 345 SCRA 592
Garcia v. Recio, 366 SCRA 437
Diego v. Castillo, 436 SCRA 67
RP v. Orbecido, G.R. No. 154380, Oct. 5, 2005
San Luis v. San Luis, G.R. No. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
Amor-Catalan v. CA, G.R. No. 167109, Feb. 6, 2007
Corpus v. Sto. Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010
Llave v. Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011
Catalan v. Catalan-Lee, G. R. No. 183622, Feb. 8, 2012
K. Marriages giving rise to criminal liability
FC 4, 16, 41
NCC 84,
RPC 351-352, FC 168
People v. De Guzman, G.R. No. 185843, March 3, 2010
R.A. No. 6955, An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching
Filipino Women for Marriage to Foreign Nationals
R.A. No. 9208, Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003 as amended by
R.A. No. 10364

VII.

THE LAW ON SEPARATION OF THE SPOUSES

A. Concepts of separation & divorce
Benedicto v. De la Rama, 3 Phil 34
1. Separation in fact, FC 238-248, 101(3)
Villanueva v. Chiong, G.R. No. 159889, June 5, 2008
2. Agreements to separate

23

FC 1, NCC 221 (1)

Espinosa v. Omana, A.M. No. 9081, October, 12, 2011
3. Absolute divorce
(a) Divorce under the Family Code
FC 26, paragraph 2
Gorayeb v. Hashim, 50 Phil. 22
Tenchavez v. Escao, 15 SCRA 355
Van Dorn v. Romillo, 139 SCRA 139
Somera v. Pilapil, 174 SCRA 663
(b) Divorce under the Muslim Code, MC 45-55
Llave v. Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011
Zamoranos v. People, G.R. No. 193902, June 1, 2011
B. Concept of legal separation, compare with NCC 97
1 Grounds for legal separation Art. 55 FC; RA 9262, Sec. 19
A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC, March 4, 2003
(a) Sexual infidelity or perversion
FC 55(8)
NCC 36
RPC 333 & 334
RPC 247
Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, 35 Phil 252
People v. Zapata, 88 Phil 688
Gandionco v. Pearanda, 155 SCRA 725
Kalaw v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 166357, September 19, 2011
Republic v. Quintos, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012
(b) Drug addiction, habitual alcoholism, lesbianism or homosexuality

24

FCC 55 (5) and (6) compare with FC 46(4)

Almelor v. RTC, G.R. No. 179620, Aug. 26, 2008
Campos v. Campos, A.M. No. MTJ-10-1761, Feb. 08, 2012
(c) Attempt on the life of the other spouse
FC 55(9), compare with NCC 97(2)
R.A. No. 9262, Sec. 5
(d) Abandonment
FC Art. 55 (10)
FC 101 par. 3, compare with separation in fact
Republic v. Quintos, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012
(e) Other grounds
FC 55 (1)
Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, 35 Phils 252
Kalaw v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 166357, September 19, 2011
2. Who can ask for legal separation
FC 55, compare with NCC 99
3. When may petition be filed
FC 57, compare with NCC 102, NCC 99
Lapuz v. Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177
Matubis v. Praxedes, 109 Phil 789
4. Court procedure in legal separation
FC 58-60;
Sec 19, RA 9262
A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC. March 4, 2003

25

Araneta v. Concepcion, 99 Phil 709

Ocampo v. Florenciano, 107 Phil 35
Lapuz v. Eufemio, 43 SCRA 177
Samosa v. Vamenta, Jr., 46 SCRA 110
Pacete v. Cariaga, 231 SCRA 321
5. Effect of pendency of the petition
(a) cooling-off period, FC 58
(b) right of consortium, FC 61 par. 1
(c) administration of property, FC 61 par. 2
De la Via v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13
Sabalones v. CA, 230 SCRA 79
(d) Support and custody pendente lite
FC 62 cf. FC 49, FC 198
Yangco v. Rhode, 1 Phil 404
De la Via v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13
Araneta v. Concepcion, 99 Phil 709
Somosa-Ramos v. Vamenta, 46 SCRA 110
Lerma v. CA, 61 SCRA 440
Pacete v. Cariaga, 231 SCRA 321
6. Defenses in actions for legal separation FC Art. 56
(a) Consent
FC 56(2); NCC 100
Matubis v. Praxedes, 109 Phil 789
People v. Sensano, 50 Phil 73
People v. Schneckenberger, 73 Phil 413
(b) Condonation
FC 56(1)

26

Ginez v. Bugayong, 100 Phil 616

(c) Recrimination
FC 56(4)
Brown v. Yambao, 102 Phil 168
Ong v. Ong, 505 SCRA 76, G.R. No. 153206, Oct. 23, 2006
(d) Collusion/Mutual Consent
FC 60
FC 56(3), (5), compare with NCC 101 and 221(3)
Brown v. Yambao, 102 Phil 168
Ocampo v. Florenciano, 107 Phil 35
7. Effects of decree of legal separation
(a) On personal relations, FC 63
(b) On the custody of children
FC 63(3); FC 213
NCC 106(3)
P.D. 603 (CYWC) Art. 17 par. 3
Matute v. Macadaeg, 99 Phil 340, May 30, 1956
(c) On property relations
FC 63(2), FC 64, FC Art. 102 (4), 129 (7)
Quiao v. Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012
(d) On support, FC 198
(e) On the use of surname, NCC 372
Laperal v. Republic, 116 Phil 672
(f) On hereditary rights, FC 63(4)

27

(g) Solo Parents Act R.A. No. 8972

8. Reconciliation, FC 65-67
9. Effect of death of one of the parties
Lapuz v. Eufemio, 43 SCRA 314
Macadangdang v. CA, 108 SCRA 314
VIII. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF SPOUSES
Tolentino 338 - 355
cf. NCC 113-114
A. Obligation to love each other, FC 68
B. Obligation to live with the other spouse
1. General rule and exceptions
FC 68 71; FC 72
Art. 100; 127; 101
NCC 921 (4)
RPC 11 (2)
RPC 247

Republic v. Molina, G.R. No. 108763, February 13, 1997

Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, 35 Phil 252
Arroyo v. Vasques-Arroyo, 42 Phil 54
Cuaderno v. Cuaderno, 12 SCRA 505
Ilusorio v. Bildner, G.R. No. 139789, May 12, 2000.
2. Designation of domicile
(a) General rule: jointly
FC 69, par. 1, compare with NCC 110

28

Abella v. COMELEC, 201 SCRA 335

De la Via v. Villareal, 41 Phil 13 at pp. 16-21
(b) Exception, FC 69 par. 2
C. Joint management of family life
FC 71, 94 (last par.), 121 (last par.), 122, 146
D. Joint Obligation to Support
FC 70,194, 94 (1), 94 (last par.), 121, 122 (1), 146
SSS v. De los Santos, G.R. No. 164790, August 29, 2008
SSS v. Favila, G.R. No. 170195, March 28, 2011
Calderon v. Roxas, G.R. No. 185595, Jan. 09, 2013

E. The right to exercise a profession or calling

FC 73, as amended by R.A. No. 10572 (July 2013)
Compare with NCC 117
FC Art. 94 (2), (3); FC Art. 121 (2), (3)
Art. II Sec. 14 and Art. XIII Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution
cf. NCC 113 compare with ROC Rule 3 Sec. 4
cf. R.A. 7192, An Act Promoting the Integration of Women as
Full & Equal Partners of Men in Development and Nation Building
cf. R.A. 8187, An Act Granting Paternity Leave
RA 9710, Magna Carta of Women

F. Related rights/obligations
Republic v. Molina, G.R. No. 108763, February 13, 1997

29

Yasin v. Shariah Court, 241 SCRA (1995)

G. Enforcement of Rights of Women and Children
R.A. No. 9262 Anti-Violence Against Women and Children
Sharica Mari Go Tan v. Sps. Tan, G.R. No. 168852, Sept. 30, 2008
San Diego vs RTC, G.R. No. 193960, Jan. 07, 2013
IX.

PROPERTY RELATIONS OF THE SPOUSES

A. Requisites for validity of marriage settlements
FC Art. 75; 130 (3); 103 (3)
1. Prior to marriage: modifications
FC 1; FC 76 (modifications after marriage)
FC 66, 67, 128, 135, 136
2. Form & registration requirement,
FC 77, NCC 1357, 1358, NCC 709
Valencia v. Loquiao, G.R. No. 122134, October 3, 2003
3. Celebration of the marriage, FC 81 cf. Art. 86 (1)
B. Parties to a marriage settlement
1. Who may enter into settlements
(a) minors, FC 78
(b) persons under civil interdiction, NCC Art. 38, 39,
FC 79, RPC 34, FC 135 (1)
(c) incapacitated persons, FC 79, in rel. to NCC 38-39
2. Participation of parents/guardians Art. 78
C. Which law governs property relations
1. Stipulation in marriage settlements, FC 80
2. If both Filipinos

30

3. Mixed marriage between Filipino and alien

4. If both aliens
5. For property located outside RP
FC 80 (2) and (3) in rel. To NCC 16
FC 80 (3) in rel. To NCC 17 (1)
D.

Donations propter nuptias

1. Definition, FC 82
Solis v. Barroso, 53 Phil 912 [1928]
Velasquez v. CA, G.R. No. 126996, February 15, 2000
Abobon v. Abobon, G.R. No. 155830, August 15, 2012
2. Form of Donations, FC Art. 83, NCC Arts. 748-749
Valencia v. Locquiao, G.R. No. 122134, October 3, 2003
Doronio v. Heirs, G.R. No. 169454, December 27, 2007
3. Who may be donors FC Art 83
4. What may be donated by a spouse as donor
(a) Present Property, FC 84
(b) Future Property, FC 84; NCC 761
Mateo v. Lagua, 29 SCRA 864
(c) Encumbered Property, FC 85
(d) Donations in the marriage settlements, FC 81
5. Void donations by the spouses, FC 87
(a) Donations during the marriage
Ching v. Goyanko, GR 165879, November 10, 2006
(b) Donations in common law marriages

31

Matabuena v. Cervantes, 38 SCRA 284

SSS v. Davac, G.R. No. L-21642, July 30, 1966
Bienvenido v. CA, 237 SCRA 676
Sumbad v. CA, 308 CRA 575
Arcaba v. Tabancura vda. Batocael, G.R. No.
146683, Nov. 22, 2001
In the matter of the Petition for the Probate of the Will
of Pete Roxas De Jesus v. De Jesus, G.R. No.
168733. March 27, 2006
Dycaico v. SSS, G.R. No. 161357. June 6, 2006
Ching v. Goyanko, G.R. No. 165879, Nov. 10, 2006
6. Revocation of donations propter nuptias, FC 81, 86(1)
(a) Revocation by donor, FC 86; NCC 765; FC Art. 50; 43 (3)
Mateo v. Lagua, 29 SCRA 864
(b) By operation of law, FC 44; 61; 43 (3)
E. Absolute community of property (ACP)
1. When applicable, FC 75, 103 (3); 130 (3); 92 (3)
2. Commencement, FC 88
3. Waiver during marriage, FC 89 (1) cf NCC 168
4. Waiver after marriage, FC 89 par. 2
5. Suppletory rules:
Co-ownership, FC 90; of NCC 484-501
6. What constitutes ACP, FC 91
Memorize!
(a) All property at time of marriage
(b) Property acquired subsequently

32

(c) Winnings from gambling, FC 95 cf NCC 164

(d) Presumption of ACP, FC 93 of NCC 160
Muller v. Muller, G.R. No. 149615, August 29, 2006
Pacific Ace v. Yanagisawa, G.R. No. 175303, April 11, 2012
Beumer v. Amores, G.R. No. 195670, December 3, 2012
7. What is excluded from ACP, FC 92; 142
Abrenica v. Abrenica, G.R. No. 180572, June 18, 2012
8. Charges upon ACP, FC 94
Luzon Surety Co., Inc. v. De Garcia, 30 SCRA 111
Gelano v. CA, 103 SCRA 90
G-Tractors, Inc. v. CA, 135 SCRA 192
(a) Family expenses cf. FC 100 (3), FC 121(5) and FC 94 (1),
(4), (5)
Francisco v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 177667, Sept. 17, 2008
(b) Debts of spouses, Art. 94 (2) and (3)
(c) Subsidiary liabilities, Art. 94 (9)
Buado v. CA, G.R. No. 145222, April 24, 2009
(d) Gambling losses, FC 95
e Other charges, Art. 94
9. Ownership, FC 90, FC 96 in rel. to NCC 206
10. Administration and enjoyment of ACP
(a) Joint Administration, FC 96; FC 90
Yu Bun Guan v. Ong, 36 SCRA 559
Dar v. Legasto, G.R. No. 143016, August 30, 2000
(b) Sole administration
(1) incapacity, FC 96 (2) no court order

33

(2) separation in fact FC 100 (3), 142 with court

order, of separate property
(3) abandonment, FC 101 with court order
(5) pendency of legal separation proceeding, FC
61 with court order
(c) Disposition and encumbrance, FC 96-98
Matthews v. Taylor, G.R. No. 164584, June 22, 2009
11. Effect of separation de facto, FC 100; 101; cf. FC 239
summary proceedings for court authority to
dispose
12. Effect of abandonment, FC 101, FC 72, 239 damages,
rescission/nullity of a contract
13. Causes for dissolution of ACP, FC 99
(a) Death, FC 103 cf. Rule 73 Sec. 12 ROC
Heirs of Go v. Servacio, G.R. No. 157537, Sept. 7, 2011
(b) Legal separation, FC 63(2); FC 66
(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC 50 in rel. to
FC 43 (2), 147, 148
(d) Judicial separation of property, FC 134-138
Ugalde v. Ysasi, G.R. No. 130623, February 29, 2008
14. Effects of dissolution
(a) Liquidation procedure, FC 102
Quiao v. Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012
(b) For cause other than death, FC 43 (2); FC 63(2); 147; 148
(c) Termination due to death, FC 104
Buenaventura v. CA, G.R. No. 127358, March 31, 2005
Dino v. Dino, G.R. No. 178044, January 19, 2011
Yu v. Reyes-Carpio, G.R. No. 189207, June 15, 2011

34

15. For marriages before FC, FC 104 cf Art. 103 (3)

Delizo v. Delizo, 69 SCRA 216
16. Support during ACP liquidation
F. Conjugal Partnership of Gains
Belcodero v. CA, 227 SCRA 303
Sps. Estonina v. CA, G.R. No. 111547, Jan. 27, 1997
Quiao v. Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012
Orpiano v. Tomas, G.R. No. 178611, Jan. 14, 2013
1. When CPG commences and applies
(a) Marriages under FC, FC 107 cf. FC 88, FC 89
(b) Marriages before FC, FC 105(2) of FC 256
Castro v. Miat, 397 SCRA 271
(c) When applicable, FC 105 of FC 74-76, 107, 88, 89
(d) Suppletory rules, FC 108 cf. NCC 1767-1768
2. What is included in the CPG, FC Art. 106, 117, 115, 118,
119, 120
Titan v. David, G.R. No. 169548, March 15, 2010
Imani v. Metrobank, G.R. No. 187023, Nov. 17, 2010.
Dewara v. Lamela, GR 179010, April 11, 2011
3. What is excluded from CPG, FC 109
(a) Brought as exclusive property, FC 109(1)
Laperal v. Katigbak, 10 SCRA 493
Francisco v. CA, G.R. No. 102330, Nov. 25, 1998

35

(b) Acquired by gratuitous title during marriage,

FC 109 (2) of FC 113, FC 115
Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255
Berciles v. GSIS, 128 SCRA 53, cf. FC 115
(c) Acquired by redemption/exchange, FC 109(3), NCC
1601, 1619
Plata v. Yatco, 12 SCRA 718
(d) Purchased with exclusive money, FC 109(4); of FC
118-119
(e) Properties of parents
Laurena v. CA, G.R. No. 159220, September 22, 2008
4. Administration of exclusive property
(a) By the spouse-owner, FC 110
(b) By the other spouse, FC 110(2); FC 142, 75, 227
`

Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255

Manotok Realty v. CA, 149 SCRA 372
Ong v. CA, 204 SCRA 297

5. Encumbrance/disposition of exclusive property

FC 111-112, of FC 236, amended by RA 6809
See R.A. No. 10572, amending FC 111
Wong et al. v. IAC 200 SCRA 792

6. What constitutes CPG

(a) Definition, FC 106
(b) Presumption of CPG, FC 116
Dewara v. Lamela, G.R. No. 179010, April 11, 2011
De La Pena v. Avila, G.R. No. 187490, Feb. 8, 2012
Quiao v. Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012

36

( c) What are included in CPG, FC 117, 115, 118, 119, 120

Memorize!
Villanueva v. CA, 427 SCRA 439
Mendoza v. Reyes, 124 SCRA 154
Aguete v. PNB, G.R. No. 170166, April 6, 2011
(d) If property bought by installments, FC Art. 118
Jovellanos v. CA, G.R. No. 100728 June 18, 1992
Tarrosa v. De Leon, G.R. No. 185063, July 23,
2009
(e) Credits due, FC 119
(f) Improvements on CPG property, FC 120
Munoz, Jr. v. Ramirez, G.R. No. 156125, August 25, 2010
7. Charges upon and obligations of CPG, FC 121, 122
Mariano v. CA, 174 SCRA 59
Ayala v. CA, 286 SCRA 272
Ching v. CA, 423 SCRA 356
Homeowners v. Dailo, G.R. No. 153802, Mar.11, 2005
Ando v. Campo, G.R. No. 184007, February 16, 2011
(a) With consent
G-Tractors v. CA, 135 SCRA 192
Ong v. CA, 204 SCRA 297
Ayala Investment v. CA, G.R. No. 118305, Feb. 12, 1998
Security Bank v. Mar Tiera Corp., G.R. No. 143382, Nov. 29, 2006

Aguete v. PNB, G.R. No. 170166, April 6, 2011

(b) Without consent
Costuna v. Domondon, 180 SCRA 333
Carlos v. Abelardo, 380 SCRA 361
Villanueva v. Chiong, G.R. No. 59889, June 5, 2008
Ravina v. Villa-Abrille, G.R. No. 160708, Oct. 16, 2009
Fuentes v. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010

37

(c) Personal debts, FC 122, RPC 108

People v. Lagrimas, 29 SCRA 153
Buado v. Buado, G.R. No. 145222, April 24, 2009
(d) winnings from gambling, FC 123
8. Ownership, administration and enjoyment
(a) Joint administration, FC 124 cf. FC 96, 142
Guiang v. CA, 291 SCRA 372
Roxas v. CA, 198 SCRA 541 [1991]
Docena v. Lapesura, 355 SCRA 658
Alinas v. Alinas, G.R. No. 158040, April 14, 2008
Aggabao v. Parulan, G.R. No. 165803, Sept. 1, 2010
(b) Sole administration
1

Incapacity, FC 124, 127, 253

Uy v. CA, 346 SCRA 246

(2) Separation in fact, FC 100 (3), 127(3)

(3) Abandonment, FC 101, 128
`
(4) Pendency of legal separation proceedings, FC 61
Sabalones v. CA, 230 SCRA 79
(c) Disposition and encumbrance, FC 124-125; FC 97,
121 (8), NCC 1145 (1)
Felipe v. Heirs of Aldon, 120 SCRA 628 (see NCC 1390)
Cheeseman v. IAC, 193 SCRA 93
Frenzel v. Catito, G.R. No. 143958, July 11, 2003
Villaranda v. Villaranda, G.R. No. 153447, Feb. 23, 2004

38

Ainza v. CA, G.R. No. 165420, June 30, 2005 (see NCC
1145)
Ravina v. Villa-Abrille, G.R. No. 160708, Oct. 16, 2009
Siochi v. Gozon, G.R. No. 169900, March 18, 2010
Fuentes v. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010
Aguete v. PNB, G.R. No. 170166, April 6, 2011
Flores v. Lindo, G.R. No. 183984, April 13, 2011
9. Effect of separation de facto, FC 127, FC 100 cf. FC 239
10. Effect of abandonment, FC 128 cf. FC 101
Partosa-Jo v. CA, 216 SCRA 693
11. Dissolution of CPG, FC 126
(a) Death, FC 126 (1), 130
Heirs of Go v. Servacio, G.R. No. 157537, Sept. 7, 2011
(b) Legal separation, FC 63 (2), FC 66
(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC 50 in relation to
FC 43 (2)
(d) Judicial separation of property, FC 134-138
Ugalde v. Ysasi, G.R. No. 130623, February 29, 2008
12. Effects of dissolution, FC 129
Tarrosa v. De Leon, G.R. No. 185063, July 23, 2009
Cabreza v. Cabreza, G.R. No. 171260, Sept. 11, 2009
Cabreza v. Cabreza, G.R. No. 181962, January 16, 2012
(a) Liquidation procedure, FC 129
Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012
(b) Cause other than death, FC 129; FC 43(2), FC 63(2)
(c) Termination due to death; FC 130, cf. FC 104
13. For marriages before FC, FC 131

39

14. Applicability of Rules of Court, FC 132

15. Support during CPG liquidation, FC 133
Santero v. CFI, 153 SCRA 728
G. Regime of separation of property
1. When applicable
(a) In the marriage settlements, FC 143-146
(b) When mandatory, FC 103 & FC 130
(c) Reconciliation in legal separation, FC 66(2)
(d) Judicial separation of property
Ugalde v. Ysasi, G.R. No. 130623, February 29, 2008
2. Property covered, FC 144
3. Administration
(a) By the owner-spouse, FC 145
(b) By the other spouse, FC 142, 101
(c) FC 100 (3); 101
4. Family expenses, FC 146
5. Conveyances between the spouses, FC 87, NCC 1490
H. Judicial separation of property
1. When possible, FC 134
Maquilan v. Maquilan, G.R. No. 156689, June 8, 2007
2. For sufficient cause, FC 135 cf. FC 55 (10); 229(4), 231,
232
Ugalde v. Ysasi, G.R. No. 130623, February 29, 2008
Sales v. Sales, G.R. No. 174803, July 13, 2009

40

3. Voluntary separation of property, FC 136, FC 74-75, FC 134

4. Effects of judicial separation of property
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

liquidation of CPG or ACP, FC 137 par. 1

support pendente lite, FC 137 par. 2
regime after JSP, FC 138 of FC 66 (2)
binding effect on third parties, FC 139-140; of FC 66(2)
Laperal v. Katigbak, 116 Phil 672

5. Revival of property regime after JSP, FC 141 cf. FC 67, 135,

142
6. Transfer of administration of exclusive property, FC 142 cf
NCC 196; FC 96; FC 124
I. Property regime of unions without marriage
Review: FC 6, 35 (2), 35 (3), 35 (5), 36, 38, 53; FC 41, 44; FC 45 (Void
and voidable marriages)
1. Unions under FC 147, 6, 35, 36, 53, cf. NCC 144
Valdes v. QC RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996
Carino v. Carino, G.R. No. 132539, February 3, 2001
Gonzales v. Gonzales, 478 SCRA 327
Dio v. Dio, G.R. No. 178004, January 19, 2011
2. Unions under FC 148 of FC 50 in rel. to FC 49(2) and FC 50
Bienvenido v. CA, 237 SCRA 676
Agapay v. Agapay, 276 SCRA 340
Tumlos v. Sps. Fernandez, G.R. No. 137650, Apr. 12, 2000
Adriano v. CA, 328 SCRA 738
Malilin v. Castillo, 333 SCRA 628
Villanueva v. CA, 427 SCRA 439
Atienza v. De Castro, G.R. No. 1695698, Nov. 29, 2006
Signey v. SSS, G.R. No. 173582, Jan. 28, 2008
Borromeo v. Descallar, G.R. No. 159310, Feb. 24, 2009
Heirs of Maramag v. De Guzman, G.R. No. 181132, June 5, 2009

41

Lacbayan v. Samoy, G.R. No. 165427, March 21, 2011 (see J.

Brions Separate Opinion)

X.

FAMILY RELATIONS
A. What governs family relations, FC 149
B. Effects of family relationship on legal disputes
FC 150 - 151
NCC 2035
ROC Rule 16 Sec. 1(j)
RPC 20, 247 and 332
Gayon v. Gayon, 36 SCRA 104
Wainwright v. Versoza, 26 SCRA 78
Magbaleta v. Gonong, 76 SCRA 511
Tribiana v. Tribiana, G.R. No. 137359, Sept. 13, 2004
Hiyas Savings v. Acua, G.R. No. 154132, August 31, 2006
C. The family home
1. What constitutes the family home, FC 152, 156, 161
2. Who may constitute the family home, FC 152, FC 161
3. When deemed constituted, FC 153
4. When terminated, FC 153 compare with FC 159
5. Beneficiaries, FC 154, 158, 194-196, 199
Patricio v. Dario, G.R. No. 170829, November 20, 2006
6. Exemptions, FC 155, FC 157, FC 160
7. When may be sold, FC 158
Honrado v. CA, G.R. No. 166333, Nov. 25, 2005
Cabang v. Basay, G.R. No. 180587, March 20, 2009
Fortaleza v. Lapitan, G.R. No. 178288, August 15, 2012

42

8. Rights of creditors, FC 160-162

Ramos v. Pangilinan, G.R. No. 185920, July 20, 2010
Equitable v. OJ Mark, G.R. No. 165950, August 11, 2010
De Mesa v. Acero, G.R. No. 185064, January 16, 2012
XI.

PATERNITY AND FILIATION

A. Concept of paternity, filiation and legitimacy, FC 163
B. Legitimate children, FC 164 cf. FC 165 in rel to NCC 256-257,
166, 167, 168, 169
Angeles v. Maglaya, 469 SCRA 363
SSS v. Aguas, G.R. No. 165546, Feb. 27, 2006
Rivera v. Heirs of Villanueva, G.R. No. 141501, July 21, 2006
Makati v. Harper, G.R. No. 189998, August 29, 2012
Suntay v. Suntay, G.R. No. 183053, October 10, 2012
1. Who are considered legitimate children
(a) Conceived during marriage cf. ROC Rule 131 Sec.
3(dd), FC Art. 168
1. valid marriage
Arbolario v. CA, G.R. No. 129163, April 22, 2003
2. terminated marriage under FC 42 in rel. to FC
43(1)
3. void marriages under FC 53, 36
4. voidable marriages, FC 45
Suntay v. Suntay, G.R. No. 132524, Dec. 29, 1998
(b) Born during marriage
(c) Conceived by artificial insemination cf. NCC 40, FC 164
(d) Adopted children
Rivera v. Ramirez, G.R. No. 189697, June 27, 2012

43

(e) Legitimated children

2. Rights of legitimate children, FC 173-174

NCC 364, 374, 376
NCC 888, NCC 979
Moore v. Republic, 8 SCRA 282
Naldoza v. Republic, 112 SCRA 658
Ong v. CA, 272 SCRA 725
Republic v. CA, 300 SCRA 138
C. Illegitimate children
1. Who are considered illegitimate
(a) under NCC
(b) under FC 165
Uy v. Chua, G.R. No. 183965, September 18, 2009
2. Rights of illegitimate children, FC 173, 172, 175-176
Osmea de Valencia v. Rodriguez, 84 Phil 222
Mangulabnan v. Acero, G.R. No. 71994, May 31, 1990
Briones v. Miguel, 440 SCRA 455, October 18, 2004
Maramag v. De Guzman, G.R. No. 181132, June 5, 2009
De la Cruz v. Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Manungas v. Loreto, G.R. No. 193161, August 22, 2011
Gotardo v. Buling, G.R. No. 165166, August 15, 2012
DOJ Opinion No. 11 Series of 1990
DOJ Opinion No. 4, Series of 1998
D. Action to impugn legitimacy
Reyes v. Mauricio, G.R. No. 175080, November 24, 2010

44

1. Grounds, FC 166
Memorize!
(a) Physical impossibility of access
Andal v. Macaraig, 89 Phil 165
Macadangdang v. CA, 100 SCRA 73
Concepcion v. CA, G.R. No. 123450, Aug. 31, 2005
(b) Biological or other scientific grounds
A.M.No.06115SC(RULEONDNAEvidence)
FC170,171
Agustin v. CA, 460 SCRA 315, June 15, 2005
Herrera v. Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005
Estate v. Diaz, G.R. No. 171713, Dec. 17, 2007
Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011
(c.) FC 166(3)
2. Effect of a mothers declaration, FC 167
Chua Keng Giap v. IAC, 158 SCRA 18
3. In subsequent marriages, FC 168, 169
4. Presumptions, FC 170, 171
5. Prescription of action to impugn legitimacy
Gaspay v. CA, 238 SCRA 163
6. Who may impugn
Benitez-Badua v. CA, 229 SCRA 468
Liyao, Jr. v. Tanhoti-Liyao, 378 SCRA 563
Republic v. Magpayo, G.R. No. 189476, Feb. 2, 2011
E. Proof of Filiation

45

1. Of legitimate children, FC 172-173

Diaz v. Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 621, June 22, 1984
Tison v. Court of Appeals, 276 SCRA 582, July 31, 1997
Trinidad v. Court of Appeals, 289 SCRA 188, April 20, 1998
Heirs of Conti v. CA, G.R. No. 118464, December 21, 1998
De Jesus v. Estate of Juan Gamboa Dizon, 366 SCRA 499
2. Of illegitimate children, FC 175
Jison v. CA, 286 SCRA 495
Colorado v. CA, G.R. No. L-39948 February 28, 1985
Heirs of Gabatan v. CA, G.R. No. 150206, March 13, 2009
Dela Cruz , et al v. Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011
Gotardo v. Buling, G.R. No. 165166, August 15, 2012
Perla v. Baring, G.R. No. 172471, November 12, 2012
2. Rights of illegitimate children, FC 176
3. Compulsory recognition, cf. RPC 345, RPC 46, 59
People v. Abella, G.R. No. 177295, January 6, 2010
F. Legitimated Children
1. who may be legitimated, FC 177, RA 9858
Abadilla v. Tabiliran, 249 SCRA 447
2. How legitimation takes place, FC 178, FC 180
3. Retroactivity and effects, FC 180-181
DOJ Opinion No. 106 Series of 1991
4. Action to impugn legitimation, FC 182
5. Rights of legitimated children, FC 179

46

XI.

ADOPTION
Lazatin v. Campos, 92 SCRA 250
Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575
R.A. No. 8552 (Domestic Adoption Law)
A.M. No. 02-6-02-S.C. Rule on Adoption (Aug. 22, 2002)
A. Requisites to be an adopter
1. Age and capacity required Sec. 7
2. Husband and wife jointly Sec. 7
In Re Petition for Adoption of Michelle Lim, G.R. No. 168992, May
21, 2009
3. Need for consent Sec. 9
Landingin v. Republic, G.R. No. 164948, June 27, 2006
4. Aliens as adopters Sec. 7 (b)
Republic v. Toledano, 233 SCRA 9
R.A. No. 8043, The Law on Inter-Country Adoption
A.M. No. 02-6-02-S.C. (Aug. 22, 2002)
B. Who may not adopt, Sec. 7
C. Who may be adopted, Sec. 8
D. Who may not be adopted
E. Effect of death, Sec. 13
F. Procedure in adoption
Republic Act No. 9253, March 12, 2009 An Act Requiring Certification
of The Department of Social Welfare And Development (DSWD) To
Declare A "Child Legally Available For Adoption" as a Prerequisite for
Adoption Proceedings

47

G. Effects of a decree of adoption

1. On status
2. On parental authority,
Tamargo v. CA, 209 SCRA 518
Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575
3. On hereditary rights, Sec. 18; FC 189-190; Art. 39, PD 603
See: Balane, Ruben, Jottings in Succession, [2006 ed.]
4. On name
In the Matter of Adoption of Stephanie Garcia, 454 SCRA 541
H. Rescission of adoption, Sec. 19
Lahom v. Sibulo, G.R. No. 143989, July 14, 2003
1. by the adopted
2. by the adopter/s
3. effects of rescission, Sec. 20
XII.

SUPPORT
A. What comprises support, FC 194
B. Who are obliged to provide support, FC 195, 196
Pelayo v. Lauron, 12 Phil 453
Sanchez v. Zulueta, 68 Phil 110
De Asis v. CA, G.R. No. 127578, Feb. 15, 1999
Rondina v. People, G.R. No. 179059, June 13, 2012
Gotardo v. Buling, G.R. No. 165166, August 15, 2012
Perla v. Baring, G.R. No. 172471, November 12, 2012
Calderon v. Roxas, G.R. No. 185595, Jan. 09, 2013
C. Source of support, FC 197-198, cf. FC 49, 70, 94, 121, 122
Lerma v. CA, 61 SCRA 440
Reyes v. Ines-Luciano, 88 SCRA 803

48

D. Order of support, FC 199, 200, 204

Mangonon v. CA, G.R. No. 125041, June 30, 2006
Spouses Lim v. Lim, G.R. No. 163209, October 30, 2009
E. Manner and time of payment, FC 200-204
Calderon v. Roxas, G.R. No. 185595, Jan. 09, 2013
F

Amount of support, FC 200-208

Lacson v. Lacson, G.R.No. 150644, August 28, 2006

G Renunciation and Termination, NCC 2035; FC 194; NCC 152 (read

Tolentino)
H Support pendente lite, FC 198; Rules of Court, Rule 61
I. Procedure in applications for support, Rule 61
XIV. PARENTAL AUTHORITY & CUSTODY OF CHILDREN
A. Concept of parental authority, Art. II, Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution, FC
209, 211, NCC 356-363
Medina v. Makabali, 27 SCRA 502, March 28, 1969
Unson v. Navarro, 101 SCRA 183, November 17, 1980
B. Transfer of PA, FC 210 cf. FC 223-224, FC 234, 217
Eslao v. CA, 266 SCRA 317
C. Who exercises PA, FC 211-213 cf. FC 49, 102(6), 43(2), 63(2),
176. 49, 102 (6), 129 (9)
Unson v. Navarro, 101 SCRA 183
Espiritu & Layug v. CA, G.R. No. 115640 (1995)
Santos Sr. v. C.A., G.R. No. 113054 (1995)
David v. Court of Appeals, 250 SCRA 82, November 16, 1995

49

Tonog v. CA, 376 SCRA 642

Briones v. Miguel, G.R. No. 156343, October 18, 2004
Gualberto v. Gualberto, G.R. No. 154994. June 28, 2005
D. Substitute PA, FC 214-216, FC 233; R.A. No. 10165 (Foster Care Act
of 2012), Secs. 6 & 7
Vancil v. Belmes, 358 SCRA 707
E. Special PA
FC 218-219, FC 233
cf. FC 221 in rel. to NCC 2180
St. Marys Academy v. Carpitanos, G.R. No. 143363, Feb. 6, 2002
Child Learning Centre v. Tagario, G.R. No. 150920, Nov. 25, 2005
School of the Holy Spirit v. Taguiam, G.R. No. 165565, July 14, 2008
Aquinas School v. Inton, G.R. No. 184202, January 26, 2011
F. Filial privilege, FC 215
ROC Rule 130 Sec. 25 cf. Secs. 22 & 23
Lee v. CA, G.R. No. 177861, July 13, 2010
G. Effects of PA over the childs person,
FC 220-222
FC 223-224
Cuadra v. Monfort, 35 SCRA 160
Republic v. Sagun, G.R. No. 187567, February 15, 2012
H. Effects of PA over the childs property,
FC 225-227, RA 9231, Secs. 12-B and 12-C
Hebron v. Loyola, G.R. No. 168960, July 5, 2010
Neri v Heirs, G.R. No. 194366, October 10, 2012
Lindain v. CA, 212 SCRA 725

I. Suspension or termination of PA

50

1. permanent termination, FC 228, 232, cf. RA 6809

2. non-permanent termination, FC 229 cf. FC 193
Secs. 16 and 19, RA 8552 re parental authority and revocation
of adoption
3. suspension of PA, FC 231-230, 233
Chua v. Cabangbang, 27 SCRA 791
De Guzman v. Perez, 496 SCRA 474
4. revival
XV.

EMANCIPATION
R.A. No. 6809
A. Cause of emancipation, FC 234 as amended
B. Effect of emancipation, FC 236 as amended
cf. FC 15, NCC 2180

XV. SUMMARY JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER FC

Arts. 238-253, 100(2), 127(2), 41, 51, 69, 73, 96, 124, 217, 225
XVI. SURNAMES
NCC 364-380
R.A. No. 6085 Regulating the use of aliases, August 4, 1969
Republic v. Tanada, G.R. No. L-31563, Nov. 29, 1971
Ursua v. CA, G.R. No. 112170, April 10, 1996
R.A. No. 9255 (An Act Allowing Illegitimate Children to Use Surname of
their Father); FC 176

51

Llaneta v. Agrava, 57 SCRA 29

Telmo v. Republic, 73 SCRA 29
Tolentino v. CA, 162 SCRA 66
Legamia v. IAC, 131 SCRA 479
In Re: Petition for Change of Name, Julian Lin Carulasan Wang,
G.R. No. 159966, March 30, 2005
Remo v. DFA, 614 SCRA 281, March 5, 2010
Gonzaludo v. People, G.R. No. 150910, February 6, 2006
Dapar v. Biascan, 439 SCRA 179
XVII. RULES GOVERNING PERSONS WHO ARE ABSENT
NCC 381-383, 384-389, FC 96, 101, 124, NCC 390-396, FC 41
Reyes v. Alejandro, 141 SCRA 65
Eastern Shipping v. Lucero, 124 SCRA 425
Manuel v. People, G.R. No. 165842, Nov. 29, 2005
Pantollano v. Korphil, G.R. No. 169575, March 30, 2011
Republic v. Granada, G.R. No. 187512, June 13, 2012
XVIII. FUNERALS
NCC 305-310, FC 195, 194
Eugenio v. Velez, 185 SCRA 425
XIX.

ENTRIES IN THE CIVIL REGISTER

NCC 407-413
ROC, Rule 108
RA 9048, as amended by RA 10172
Barretto v. Local Civil Registrar, 74 SCRA 257
Republic v. Valencia, G.R. No. L-32181, March 5, 1986
Republic v. Marcos, 182 SCRA 223
Labayo-Rowe v. Republic, 168 SCRA 294
Zapanta v. Registrar, 237 SCRA 25v
Leonor v. Court of Appeals, 256 SCRA 69
Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007
Republic v. Cagandahan, G.R. No. 166676, Sept. 12, 2008

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Dela Cruz v. Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009

Braza v. The City Civil Registrar of Himamaylan City, Negros
Occidental, G.R. No. 181174, December 4, 2009
Baldos v. CA, G.R. No. 170645, July 9, 2010
Republic v. Magpayo, G.R. No. 189476, Feb. 2, 2011
Republic v. Sagun, G.R. No. 187567, February 15, 2012
United Clan v. Sabellano, G.R. No. 186722, June 18, 2012

53