Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Environmental
Management
Systems
Environmental audit
I.
Environmental Dimensions
-
or
approach
is
the
Environmental
causal
consumption.
factors,
that
are
initiated
by
Human
2
-
The
second
one
approach
Management
of
Human
consumption of resources
So a second approach is through demand management of
from Economics
Everything has an Environmental Dimension and now,
is
second
important
way
of
reducing
human
impact.
Environmental Management
2.
3
The
main
issue
involved
in
Environmental
Management
is
Long lived and healthy wet lands and forests are examples of
sustainable Biological systems. In more general the term
sustainability is the endurance of systems and processes.
living
conditions
(eg.
Eco-villages,
eco-
using
science
to
develop
new
technologies
(green
4
Environmental Management (Envt. Sustainability)
Objective or Goal : Of Environmental Management is to create and
maintain
the
state
of
Harmony
between
man
and
Land
(ie,
Economic Dimensions
2.
Technological Dimensions
3.
4.
5
Main issue involved in the Economic Dimension of Environmental
Management is sustainability or in other words Sustainability
Economics
-
of
Environmental
Management
(Sustainability
6
In economic and environmental fields the term decoupling is
becoming increasingly used in the context of economic production
and environmental quality.
-
of
an
economy
to
grow
without
incurring
against
environmental
degradation,
the
7
(1)
1.
2.
growth
-
energy
conservation,
economic
growth
8
-
the
Environmental
degradation
from
economic
4.
from
economic
growth
9
Thus the Sustainable economic growth (leading to decoupling
or dilinking environmental degradation from economic
growth) of a country depends not only on the economic goals,
but also on the social and environmental goals, policies and
strategies. Natural living is the solution (Natural living is the
sustainable living) is for the modern problems especially for the
economy in the globalised scenario.
Nature as an economic externality
-
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involved, the benefit is called a positive externality. So negative
externalities occur, when the consumption or production of good
causes a harmful effect to a third party.
Example of negative externalities :
1. If you play loud music at night your neighbour may not be able to
sleep suffering of the Neighbour is a negative externality.
2. If you produce chemical and cause pollution as a side effect, then
local fishermen may not be able to catch fish. This loss of income
will be the negative externality.
3. If you drive a car, it creates air pollution and contributes to
congestion. There are both external cost imposed on other people
who live in the city.
4. If you build a new road, the external cost is the loss of a beautiful
landscape, which people, can longer enjoy
Social cost : with a negative externality the social cost > private
cost
activity
legally
permitted.
Laws
that
forbid
11
loudspeakers, after a particular time at night illustrate this
solution.
12
-
Summary of Points
1. Uncontrolled economic growth is unsustainable on a finite.
2. Govt. should recognize the serious limitations of GDP as a measure
of economic growth.
3. To see that a measure of wealth integrates economic, social and
environmental dimensions.
4. To take appropriate action against the failure of the economic
system to internalize externalities because the failure of the
economic
system
to
internalize
externalities
leads
to
the
sound
renewable
energy
technologies
and
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instruments for correcting the emissions, market failure, from
taxes and emissions trading schemes, to standards and other
regulations.
7. Recognising the importance of ecosystem services would allow the
world to a more sustainable future, in which the benefits of
ecosystem
services
are
better
realized
and
more
equitably
distributed.
Qn: What is the Tragedy of Commons. Explain it influences the
efficient utilization of Resources.
Tragedy of commons as it is commonly called causes, biodiversity
loss and loss of natural resources. Destruction of Natural resources
and the over use and over exploitation are the results.
Commons refers to the Environmental Asset itself, common
property resources or Common pool resources
Open access implies there is no ownership of the asset in the
sense, that everybodys property is nobodys property.
Right from the olden days, the natural resources like air, water
have been owned publicly and no one can claim private
ownership.
When the resources are overexploited and misused as the
individuals are provided with little or no cost. The individuals who
exploit the resources reap full benefits, but bear only the fraction
14
of the damage cost of his pollution. Thus if there is no legal
operation, every individual will ignore the drastic effects of his
pollution on the Environmental quality of Atmosphere.
This will lead to deterioration of the air quality and society
may end up worse off. A kind of perverse social situation is
continued, which has come to be known as the tragedy of
commons.
This expression tragedy of commons was propounded by
Prof. Garnet Hardin, in describing environmental problems in
1968. Originally the commons referred to areas of pasture lands in
England that were provided free to all of who wished to graze
cattle. Whenever a resource is open to all it will be over exploited by
competing groups leading to tragedy of destroying the natural
resources. The Environment is modern equivalent of the commons.
It is a commonly held resource which cannot be reduced to a
private ownership. When services of these
commonly used
15
industrial waste can be considered as an economic base. An ides
of sustainability has emerged as a business opportunity or
Economic opportunity (ie, sustainability as a business or economic
opportunity). The idea of sustainability as a business opportunity
or
economic
opportunity
led
to
the
formations
of
many
sustainability
opportunity),
increase
can
increase
employee
revenue
productivity,
(Economic
reduce
waste
16
2.
Poverty
3.
4.
Human settlements
Social
disintegration
leads
to
environmental
deterioration .
-
17
-
The
critical
elements
of
socio-cultural
environment
are
material
culture,
technology,
social
groups
and
18
boundaries and protect shared global system, including oceans
and the atmosphere.
Poverty
A major hurdle to achieve sustainability is the alleviation of poverty
and poverty is one of the sources of environmental degradation (Brundt
land commission report). Reducing poverty and fostering human
development are fundamental requisites for achieving sustainable
development.
-
19
-
the
promotion
of
economic
development
and
Poverty eradication and environment management should go handon-hand. This is one of the social dimensions of Environmental
Management.
20
wetland for developmental programmes even if they are
essential or inevitable for their livelihood or existence.
-