CHEMISTRY-1131

lab-3

CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
REPORT

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
PART 2- ANIONS
DATE: 01/26/2012
SUBMITTED TO: MORALES LEILANI

SUBMITTED BY: PARIKH SNEH

NAME OF PARTNER: PATEL VIRAJ
OBJECTIVE: To conduct qualitative analysis to confirm the presence of cations in the
compounds and to determine the cations present in the given unknown sample solution.

METHOD:
MATERIALS REQUIRED:
EQUIPMENTS

Test-tubes
An eye dropper
Stirrer
A scapula
Hot plate
Water-bath
pH paper
Litmus Paper

REAGENTS

Sodium carbonate
Sodium chloride
Sodium iodide
Sodium sulphate
Conc. Sulphuric acid
6M Hydrochloride Acid
Barium hydroxide
Silver nitrate
Ammonium hydroxide
6M nitric acid
BaCl2-CaCl2 mixture
6M acetic acid
Potassium nitrate
Methylene chloride

PROCEDURE REFERENCE: For the detail procedures refer to chemistry 1

(chem. 1131) laboratory manual revised by John McKenzie White page no 8-9.

SAFETY:

Handle the chemicals with care.

Use clean equipments to avoid cross-contamination
Wear lab-coat and safety glasses while performing the experiment.
Use fume-hoods while taking conc. HCl or conc. NH 4OH.
Methylene chloride- MSDS
o Poison danger.
o May be fatal if swallowed or inhaled.

OBSERVATION:
TEST

OBSERVATION

Carbonates determination
test:
Take a test tube +
3ml of carbonate solution+
2ml of conc. H2SO4+
Shake the test tube.

Carbon dioxide
effervescence

INFERENCE
Carbonate ions
present.

Clear drop becomes

cloudy barium carbonate.

Carbonate ions
confirmed.

White precipitate present

Chloride ions present

To the precipitate add conc.

NH4OH till part of precipitate
dissolve+
Decant the clear supernatant
solution and acidify with drops of
6M HNO3

Reappearance of white
precipitate

Chloride ions
confirmed.

Iodide ion determination test:

Take a test-tube+
5ml of sodium iodide solution+
Add 0.1M AgNO3

Yellow precipitate present

Iodide ions present

Take a test tube+

3ml of sodium carbonates
solution+
2 drops of 6M HCl solution+
Hold a drop of Ba(OH)2
suspended from an eye-dropper
above the surface of the
solution.
Chloride ion determination
test:
Take a test-tube+
5ml of sodium chloride solution+
Add 0.1M AgNO3

 Take a test tube+

5ml of sodium iodide solution+
Add dilute (6M) acetic acid drop
wise until acidic. +
Add 2 drops of KNO2+
Add 15 drops of Methylene
chloride +
Shake.

Two separate layers

formed consisting of a
violet combination in a
methylene chloride layer.

Iodide ions confirmed

Sulphate ion determination

Test:
Take a test-tube+
3ml of sodium sulphate
solution+
0.5ml of BaCl2-CaCl2 mixture+
Heat to 90 and allow to

White precipitate formed

Sulphate ions
present

White precipitate
obtained.

Chloride ions
present

stand for 10min.+

5 drops of 6M HCl.+
Heat the test-tube.
Unknown Sample Test:
5ml of unknown sample +
Add 0.1M AgNO3+
To the solution add NH4OH drop
wise till part of it dissolves +
Acidify with 6M Nitric Acid.

Reappearance of white
precipitate on adding 6M
HNO3.

DISCUSSION:
Qualitative analysis is the branch of chemistry that deals with identification of the
element present in solution.
It is important to establish the presence or absence of different cations or anions
in a given sample.
Sodium carbonate was treated with H2SO4 which gave effervescence of CO2.
These effervescence can further be confirmed by putting a drop of Ba(OH) 2
solution suspended from an eye dropper above the surface of the solution.
The clear drop turns cloudy due to the presence of carbonates.

For the determination of the chloride or iodide ion, the solution was treated with
AgNO3. Sodium chloride gave white precipitate while sodium iodide gave yellow
precipitate.
Further confirmation test for chloride ion was carried out by adding drops of
NH4OH till part of the solution dissolved. Later on decant the clear supernatant
solution and acidify with drops of 6M nitric acid which leads to reappearance of
white precipitate.
Iodide ion was confirmed by treating the iodine solution with acetic acid until
acidic and then adding 2 drops of 1M KNO2.
Then on adding 15 drops of methylene chloride two layers were found to
separate giving a violet combination in the methylene chloride layer.
Sodium sulphate solution was treated with a mixture of BaCl 2-CaCl2 and heated
to 90C for 10 min. The white precipitate formed was further reacted with 5 drops
of HCl and heated. White precipitate remained indicating the presence of
sulphate ions.
The unknown sample was subjected to 0.1M AgNO 3 when it gave white
precipitate. Then add NH4OH drop wise till part of the solution dissolves. The
supernatant liquid was acidified with drops of 6M nitric acid which resulted in
reappearance of a white precipitate confirming the presence of chloride ion.
Similarly the unknown solution was also tested for the presence of other anions
but it did not give any positive results.

QUESTION-ANSWERS:
1 What is ion?
An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not
equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical
charge.
2 What is difference between anion and cation?
CATION A cation is a metallic atom having lost electron(s) thereby having a
'positive' (+) charge. It has a positive charge because it has more protons than
electrons.
EXAMPLE Cu+2, Mg+2
ANION - An Anion is a non-metallic atom having gained electron(s) thereby
having a 'negative' (-) charge. It has negative charge because it has more
electrons than protons.
EXAMPLE CO3-2, SO4-2

3 Complete the following reaction.

H2SO4 + Na2CO3 H20 + CO2 + Na2SO4

4 Write ionic charge for each of the following ions as predicted from the group
numbers in the periodic table
a
b
c
d
e

Phosphorus ion P-3

Sulphur ion S-2
Iodide ion I-1
Oxygen ion O-2
Bromide ion Br-1

CONCLUSION:

The qualitative analysis was carried out for the identification of anions in the
compounds.
The unknown sample #12 was found to contain Cl- ions.