kiran babu

THERMODYNAMICS
Phani Raghava
Yaswanth kasturi
PROJECT
MCE 521- Applied
AnilThermodynamics
yarlagadda

Fluid flow analysis for divergent channel

Table of Contents
1. Abstract----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2

2. Nomenclature--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
3. Problem
statement--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
4. Introduction-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
5. Analysis-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
6. Result
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
7. Conclusion-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13

8. References-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14

Abstract
The analysis of the project is to determine the dimensionless form of the
entropy generation which is a combination of heat flux, fluid friction, mass
diffusion and magnetic flux, irreversibility distribution ratio and bejan number
with reference of the given paper steady magnetohydrodynamic flow in a
divergent channel with suction or blowing by

G.C. Layek, S.G. Kryzhevich, A.

S. Gupta and M. Reza and reference equation given by prof. Gorla. The entropy

generation of each component is determined and then it is made into

dimensionless

form

and

combined

for

total

dimensionless

entropy.

Irreversibility distribution ratio and Bejan number are determined later.

Nomenclature:
T

Temperature

Thermal conductivity

Diffusion coefficient

T0

Ambient temperature

heat

Debye length

Normalized temperature

Irreversibility ratio

Electrical conductivity

Kinematic viscosity

Thermal diffusivity

Concentration rate

Gas constant

B0

Magnetic flux

Be

Bejan number

Concentration

Absolute Viscosity

Suction velocity

Problem Statement
Find the dimensionless form of the equations

Sgen =

k
2
T0

[( ) ( ) ]
T 2 T
+
x
y

u
+ T0 y

( )

D C

C y

( )

( C ) ( T )

+ R T y y
0

B02 u2
T0
the first term is the entropy generation rate due to heat transfer in the axial direction, the second
term is the entropy generation rate due to heat transfer in the normal direction, the third term is
the entropy generation due to fluid friction, the fourth term is the entropy generation due to mass
transfer and the fifth term is the entropy generation rate due to the combined effects of heat and
mass transfer and last tern is due to magnetic effect.

Irreversibility distribution ratio =

Bejan number =

Entropy due
Entropy due
friction heat transfer

Entropy due

heat transfer
Total entropy generation

From the given reference paper, Steady magnetohydrodynamic flow in a

diverging channel with suction or blowing.

Introduction
Important exact solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations is associated with
the steady two-dimensional flow of an incompressible viscous fluid between
two non-parallel rigid walls. Here, the flow is caused by a source or sink of
fluid volume at the intersection of the walls leading to either a divergent or
convergent flow. It is found that convergent symmetrical flow is possible for
any channel angle and any finite Reynolds number. At large Reynolds
number, this flow exhibits two identical boundary layers on the channel walls
with an irrotational flow outside these layers. In the case of divergent flow
(source flow) in a channel, it is observed that for a given channel angle,
purely divergent flow is possible only when the Reynolds number for the flow
does not exceed a critical value. When the Reynolds number exceeds this
critical value, the flow becomes asymmetric in which there is a region of
inflow (i.e., back flow) near one of the walls. As the Reynolds number
increases further and becomes very large, the similarity solutions contain
many regions of inflow and outflow. The width of each region of the outflow
then becomes so small that effects of viscosity are significant everywhere in
the flow. Thus unlike the case of convergent flow, boundary layer solutions
(without back flow) are not possible in a diverging channel at large Reynolds
number.
5

Here we are studying steady divergent flow(Fig: 1) of an

incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid between two non-parallel
plane porous walls in the presence of a magnetic field produced by an
electric current along the line of intersection of the walls. The walls are
subjected to suction (or blowing). The existence of similarity solutions with
suction (or blowing) at both the walls is first explored for the full MHD NavierStokes equations. It is shown that such solution with equal suction (or
blowing) at both the walls is not possible. However, it is found that boundary
layer type of solution for this flow is possible at high Reynolds number
provided that the suction (or blowing) velocity at a point on any one of the
walls is inversely proportional to the distance of the point from the line of
intersection of the channel walls.

Analysis
Consider Heat Flux component:
k
T0

[( ) ( ) ]
T 2 T
+
x
y

T ( . A . x
=
x
x

+1

= A (+1) x + A x+1
y Q
x

1/ 2

( )

= A (+1) x + A x+1
y Q
=
x x2

1 /2

( )

= A (+1) x

A x +1
x

(-)

=
x x
= A (+1) x + A x (-)
T
x

= A x {(+1) }

1 Q
A=
k

1 /2

( )

T
x

1 Q

1/ 2

( )

x {(+1) }

= A x +1
y
y

= A x+1
y Q
x

1/ 2

( )

=A

1 Q
=
y x

+1

1 Q

1/ 2

( )

1/ 2

( )

T
y

= A x

T
y

1 Q

T
y

1
k

1 /2

( )

1/ 2

( )

1 /2

( )

Heat Transfer component:

k
S G =
T0

[( ) ( ) ]
2

T
T
+
x
y

[ ( )

k
1
Q
S G = 2 2
T 0 k

[( )

1
Q
S G =
x2
2

kT 0

x 2 { ( +1 ) } +

1 2
x ( )2
2
k

{ ( +1 ) } +( )2 (1)

[( )

kT
Q
N s =S G 2 0 =

x

{ ( + 1 ) } +( )2

Consider fluid friction component:

u
T0 y

( )

u=

( xQ ) f ( )

y Q

1/ 2

( )

u u
=
y y
u
Q
=
f ()
x

( )

1 Q
=
y x

1/ 2

( )

u
Q
1 Q
=
f ( )
y x
x

( )

1/ 2

( )

u
1
1 Q
=
f ( ) 2
y
x

()

3/ 2

( )

Friction component:

u
T0 y

( )

10

 1
1 Q
= T f ( ) 2
x
0

()

3 /2 2

( )

1
2 1
Q

(f ( ) ) 4
(2)
T0
x

()

( )

Consider mass diffusion component:

D C
R

C y

( )

C = B h x+1
B=

1 /2

1
Q

( )

C
h
=B x +1
y
y
C
h
=B x +1

y
y
y Q

1/ 2

1 Q
=
y x

1/ 2

( )

( )

C
1 Q
=B x +1 h
y
x

1 /2

( )

C 1 Q
=
y D

1 /2

( )

x h

1 /2

( )

C 1
= x h
y D

11

Mass diffusion component:

D C
R

C y

( )

D 1

x h
C D

C
D( ) x ( h ) (3)
1
R

Consider an axial flux and friction component:

R

D C T

T0 y y

D 1
1
x h x
T0 D
k

x2 h
( 4)
T 0 k

( )( )

Consider magnetic component:

B02 u2
(5)
T0

Entropy generator per unit volume:

12

k
2
T0

Sgen =

[( ) ( ) ]
2

T
T
+
x
y

u
+ T0 y

( )

D C

C y

D C T
+ R T 0 y y

( )( )

( )

B02 u2
T0

N s =S G

kT 02
qw 2

[( )

{ ( +1 ) } +( )2

kT 0 1
1 Q

( f ( ) )2 4

2
qw T0
x

()

( )

C
2
D( )2 x 2 ( h )
kT 02
1
R
2
q

kT 02
+ q 2
w

D 1
1

x h x
T0 D
k

)(

N s =S G

k T 0
qw

kT 02
qw 2

[( )
Q

kT 02
+ q 2
w

( 1 ) ( f ( ) ) x1 ( Q )
4

kT 0 B0 u

2
T0
qw

C
2
2
D( ) ( h )
kT 02
1
R
2

{ ( +1 ) } +( )2

B02 u2
T0

R T 0
A

( h )

qw = Ax
This is as

Ns = NH + Nf + Nm +Nmhy +NM
Where

13

NH =

Nf =

Nm =

Nmhy =

NM =

[( )
Q

k T 0
q w2

{ ( +1 ) } +( )2

1 2
2 1
Q 3
(f ( ) ) 4

()

( )

C
2
2
D( ) ( h )
kT 02
1
R
2

R T 0
A2

( h )

kT 02 B02 u 2

T0
q w2

Irreversibility ratio ():

Entropy due
Entropy due
N
= friction heat tansfer = f

NH

k T 0
Irreversibility ratio () =

qw 2

[( )
Q

1 2
2 1
Q 3

( f ( )) 4

()

( )

{ ( +1 ) } +()2

]
14

Bejan number =

Entropy due
N

heat transfer
= H
Total entropy generation N s

Bejan number =

([ Q )

C
2
k T0
2
1
Q 3 kT 0
2 1
2
{ ( +1 ) } +( ) +

(f ( )) 4
+ 2 R
2

qw
x
A

()

( )

[( )
Q

{ ( +1 ) } +()2

1
D( )2 ( h )2 +

15

R T 0
A2

( h )+

Result:

[( )
Q

N s =

C
2
2
D( ) ( h )
kT 02
1
R
2

{ ( +1 ) } +( )

R T 0
A

( h )

Irreversibility ratio () =

q w2

[( )
Q

qw

1 2
2 1
Q 3
(f ( ) ) 4

()

( )

kT 02 B02 u 2

T0
q w2

k T0

k T 0

1 2
2 1
Q 3
(f ( ) ) 4

()

( )

{ ( +1 ) } +( )2

Bejan number =

[( )
Q

C
2
k T0
2
1
Q 3 kT 0
2 1
2
(
)
(
)
{ +1 } +( ) +

(f ) 4
+ 2 R

q w2
x
A

()

( )

[( )
Q

{ ( +1 ) } +()

1
2

D( ) ( h ) +

Conclusion:

Dimensionless form of entropy generation and irreversibility distribution ratio

and bejan number are determined by considering given reference papers .

16

R T 0
A2

( h )+

References:
[1] Rama Subba Reddy Gorla, Entropy Generation in Electro- Osmotic flow
in
Microchannels.
[2] Rama Subba Reddy Gorla, Thamilselvan Nallappan, Larry W. Byrd and David M.
Pratt, Entropy
Minimization in phase change Energy system.
[3] G.C. Layek, S.G. Kryzhevich, A. S. Gupta and M. Reza, Steady
magnetohydrodynamic flow in a
diverging channel with suction or blowing.

17