Drafting Fundamentals

10/10/2014
DRAFTING FUNDAMENTALS - Mechanical Engg. Blog | CAD-CAM-CAE Blog | Civil Engg. Blog-Pramit Kumar Senapati
MECHANICAL ENGG. BLOG | CAD-CAM-CAE BLOG | CIVIL

ENGG. BLOG-PRAMIT KUMAR SENAPATI
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Mo tiv atio n
Mechanical Engg. Blog | CAD-CAM-CAE Blog | Civil Engg. Blog-Pramit Kumar Senapati DESIGN DRAFTING FUNDAMENTALS
DRAFTING FUNDAMENTALS
DRAFTING FUNDAMENTALS
The System of Dimensioning that

Aligned System
applies the figures to be read from

the bottom or the right side position.
The variety of lines used to describe
Alphabet of Lines
objects and their relationships within

a drawing.
A measurement scale that uses
fractions of an inch as small as 1/32
Architects Scale
of an inch. It also has other reduced

scales for the conversion of sizes
where inches or fractions of an
inch=feet.
Arrowhead
http://blog.smartlearningindia.com/design/drafting-fundamentals/
The pointer on the end of a

dimension line.
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Assembly Drawing
A drawing that shows how part or all

of a machine or structure is put
together.
A true size view of some object
Auxiliary View
shown by projecting perpendicular

to the face of the auxiliary view.
A line that represents the center of
Axis
some object usually used for rotation

about that object.
The size from which the limits of a size

Basic Size
are derived. It is used to determine

allowances and tolerances.
Bevel
Blind Hole
An inclined edge, not at a right

angle to a surface.
A hole that does not go through a
solid piece.
A circular centerline in a drawing
Bolt Circle
that contains the centers of holes

about a common center.
Bore
A method to enlarge a hole to a

specific precise size.
A long cutting tool with a series of
progressively larger teeth that when
Broach
forced into a hole will change the

shape and size. It may be square,
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triangular, hexagonal or octagonal.

A small part of a view that is
Broken-out Section
sectioned to show some inside

detail.
A rotating part that changes

Cam
rotating motion into reciprocating

motion.
A line that is used to represent an
Center line
axis of symmetry. Always used for

circles and arcs to locate their
centers.
A narrow inclined surface along the
Chamfer
intersection of two adjacent

surfaces.
Cone
A single-curved surface that has

straight line elements.
Numbers that relate to the
intersection of three planes, the X,Y
plane. the Y,Z plane and the X,Z
plane. They are always expressed as
Coordinates
X,Y,Z. In two dimensional drawings

the Z-coordinate is usually omitted.
French mathematician Rene
Decartes is credited with developing
the Cartesian Coordinate system
A method used to remove a
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Conventional Break
considerable length from a long

object where there is no change
over that length.
A square bottomed hole larger in
Counterbore
diameter than a hole with the same

center, usually for a hexagon socket
head screw.
The process of enlarging a hole
Countersink
conically, usually for a flat head

screw.
A line that represents an edge that
Cutting-plane line
intersects an adjacent plane at a

perpendicular angle.
Cylinder
A Solid or tubular curved surface

that has length and diameter.
A drawing that gives all of the

Detail Drawing
information necessary to construct

some part or part a a larger
structure.
The drawing of the surface of an
Development
object as if it were unfolded or rolled

out onto a plane.
A line that shows where some detail
Dimension line
is measured. It has three

components, the line, arrowhead(s),
and the measurement.
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A solid cylindrical pin used to

Dowel
connect two surfaces and prevent

them from sliding apart.
Draft
An angle that allows two mating

parts to be easily separated.
The process of removing material to
Drill
make a hole in some material, it is

equal to the diameter of the hole.
The view of a plane obtained by

Edge view
looking parallel to a true length line

in the surface.
The geometric form that resembles a
Ellipse
circle when viewed at some angle

to its edge.
A series of measurement scales in
Engineers Scale
which inches are divided into 10, 20,

30, 40, 50, 60 or 80 parts. It is used to
draw large parts in a small area.
The basic geometric shapes like
Entities
lines, circles and arcs that make up

objects in a CAD drawing.
A line or lines that extend from an
object to help better portray a
Extension Line
dimension by eliminating clutter and

crowding next to the object being
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dimensioned.
A plane surface of an object. A

Face
process that produces a finish on a

surface perpendicular to a
centerline of rotation.
FAO
Fillet
Finish All Over

An interior rounded intersection
between two adjacent surfaces.
A symbol that designates a surface
Finish Mark
or face of an object that must be

smooth to some degree of precision.
Fit
The degree of tightness or looseness

between two mating parts.
Flange
A thin rim around a circular part.
Front View or
A view that shows the true width and
Elevation
height of an object.
A sectional view obtained by
Full Section
passing a cutting plane completely

through an object.
A horizontal and vertical pattern of

Grid
dots equally spaced to assist in the

process of drawing.
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A sectional view obtained by

Half Section
passing a cutting plane completely

through an object but showing only
one half of that view.
A view sometimes used for
symmetrical objects. Centerlines
Half View
show the lines of symmetry, thus

allowing only half of the view to
describe a full object.
The distance from the bottom of
Height
some part to the top of that part,

perpendicular to the bottom.
A dashed line that represents an
Hidden Line
edge or surface that cannot be

seen in the view.
Icon
A small picture that is a symbol used

to select a CAD/Computer tool.
A slanted line that is not
Inclined
perpendicular to one to of the

planes.
A type of drawing in which the lower
Isometric Drawing
edges are drawn at 30 degrees from

a horizontal, all vertical edges are
perpendicular to horizontal.
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Joints
The points where edges and

surfaces of solid objects meet.
A piece of metal that prevents a

Key
shaft and hub from rotating at

different speeds.
Keyseat
Keyway
The groove in a shaft that hold a key

in place.
The groove in a hub that holds a key
in place.
A pattern of shallow grooves and
Knurl
bumps that permit a better grip on a

cylindrical part.
An electronic sheet of paper that

Layer
allows different parts of a drawing to

be visible or invisible, colored, or of
different linetype.
Leader
Lowercase letters
A thin solid line that is drawn from

some note to its detail on an object.
Not capital letters.
Technical drawing used for the

Machine Drawing
machine tool and manufacturing

industries.
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Major Axis
Major Diameter
Mating Dimensions
Mating Parts
The long axis of an ellipse.

The largest diameter of a threaded
part.
The big and little sizes of parts that
must fit together.
Two of more parts that must fit
together.
A list of items or commands in a
Menu
CAD/Computer program
application.
Metric System
Mill
Minor Axis
Minor Diameter
Nominal Size
Non-isometric Lines
A decimal system of measurement

based on the meter.
A process of removing material with
a rotating cutter.
The short axis of an ellipse.
The smallest diameter of a threaded
part.
The size used for general

identification on a part.
Lines that art not parallel to the
isometric axes.
A feature in CAD programs that

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Object Snap
allows the user to automatically

jump to specific points on an object.
A sectional view in which the cutting
Offset Section
plane is bent to pass through several

different features not inline.
One-point
A type of perspective drawing that
perspective
has one vanishing point.

Ortho
restricts the placement of lines to

vertical or horizontal.
A series of views of an object that
are aligned horizontally and
Orthographic
vertically. The top view is directly

over the front view and the side
views are aligned to each other.
Parallel Line
Development
A rectangular pattern that is

produced when a prism or cylinder is
rolled out.
A view that gives some shape and
Partial View
size description without describing a

whole view of the drawing.
A technique of drawing that shows
Perspective
the parts of an object that are closer

to the viewer larger and parts that
are further away smaller.
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Pictorial Drawing
A type of drawing that shows

multiple faces of an object as they
might appear in real life.
Plan view
A top view in an Architectural

Drawing.
Primary Auxiliary
The first auxiliary view projected from
Views
the principal views of an object.

An outline or sectional view
Profile
produced by a vertical sectioning

plane.
A geometric shape created by the
Pyramid
intersections of the edges of

triangular shapes.
Quadrilateral
Radial Line
Development
Rapid Prototyping
Ream
A geometric shape having four

sides.
A development in which the edges

radiate from a point that may or
may not be on the object.
A process that creates a physical
model from a 3D CAD drawing.
The process of enlarging a hole to a
precise size.
A sectional view that is moved from
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Removed Section
its normal position to better describe

that view, it may be drawn in a
larger scale.
A sectional view that represents a
Revolved Section
view at a right angle to the views

actual position.
A thin flat part of an object that is
Rib or Web
used to add strength to an object

and reduce weight.
Right-side View
Round
A view that shows the true height

and depth of an object.
An exterior curved edge of an
object.
A table or chart on a drawing that

Schedule
provides a place for specifications

as well as part and detail
information.
Schematic
Secondary Auxiliary
View
Section
Slope
An electrical or electronic part

drawing.
An auxiliary view that is produced
from one of the primary auxiliary
views of an object.
A cutaway view of an object.
The true angle between a line and
horizontal.
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Snap
allows the user to automatically

connect to preset points.
Written documents that detail
Specifications
special properties of an object or

series of drawings.
A solid geometric figure whose
Sphere
points are all equidistant from the

center.
Spline
A series of keyways cut about a shaft

and mating hole.
A process that produces a smooth
Spotface
finish perpendicular to the

longitudinal centerline of a hole.
Tap
Tapped Hole
The process of producing threads in

a hole.
A threaded hole
A pattern or drawing that has
Template
special features completed for

repetition .
The total amount of variation
Tolerance
permitted on the details of a part of

a drawing.
A geometric shape resembling a
Torus
doughnut. It has an inside diameter,

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outside diameter and tubular radius.

A plane figure that has three sides
and three angles. It may be
Triangle
Equilateral(all sides and angles

equal), Isosceles(two equal sides
and angles) or a Right(one 90
degree angle)Triangle.
Trim
allows the user to easily erase part of

a line that intersects another.
Turn
The machine process that provides

cylindrical parts.
Two-point
A perspective drawing that has two
Perspective
vanishing points.
A dimensioning system that allows all

Unidirectional System
figures and dimensions to be read

from the bottom of the sheet.
A drawing that shows an object from

View
one position and the true length and

size. The Primary views are the Top,
Front and Right Side.
A thin flat part of an object that is

Web or Rib
used to add strength to an object

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and reduce weight.

The process of joining metals by
Weld
heating them to their melting point

with or without pressure.
Woodruff Key
A semicircular flat key.

A complete drawing or series of
Working Drawing
drawings that have been prepared

to provide all of the information
necessary to build the product.
Thank you.
Hope my POST will help you. Else write to me pramit@smartlearningindia.com
Pramit Kumar Senapati

Chief SME (Subject Matter Expert) at www.smartlearningindia.com
Technical Director at www.mitsucad.com
FEA Project Consultant at www.bemechanicalproject.com
Skype: pramit007
Facebook:pramit007
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10/10/2014

MECHANICAL ENGG. BLOG | CAD-CAM-CAE BLOG | CIVIL

The System of Dimensioning that

applies the figures to be read from

objects and their relationships within

of an inch. It also has other reduced

The pointer on the end of a

A drawing that shows how part or all

shown by projecting perpendicular

some object usually used for rotation

The size from which the limits of a size

are derived. It is used to determine

An inclined edge, not at a right

that contains the centers of holes

A method to enlarge a hole to a

forced into a hole will change the

triangular, hexagonal or octagonal.

sectioned to show some inside

A rotating part that changes

rotating motion into reciprocating

axis of symmetry. Always used for

intersection of two adjacent

A single-curved surface that has

X,Y,Z. In two dimensional drawings

considerable length from a long

diameter than a hole with the same

conically, usually for a flat head

intersects an adjacent plane at a

A Solid or tubular curved surface

A drawing that gives all of the

information necessary to construct

object as if it were unfolded or rolled

is measured. It has three

A solid cylindrical pin used to

connect two surfaces and prevent

An angle that allows two mating

make a hole in some material, it is

The view of a plane obtained by

looking parallel to a true length line

circle when viewed at some angle

which inches are divided into 10, 20,

lines, circles and arcs that make up

dimension by eliminating clutter and

A plane surface of an object. A

process that produces a finish on a

Finish All Over

or face of an object that must be

The degree of tightness or looseness

A thin rim around a circular part.

A view that shows the true width and

passing a cutting plane completely

A horizontal and vertical pattern of

dots equally spaced to assist in the

A sectional view obtained by

passing a cutting plane completely

show the lines of symmetry, thus

some part to the top of that part,

edge or surface that cannot be

A small picture that is a symbol used

perpendicular to one to of the

edges are drawn at 30 degrees from

The points where edges and

A piece of metal that prevents a

shaft and hub from rotating at