Linux+ Guide To Linux Certification, Third Edition: Linux Installation and Usage

Linux+ Guide to Linux
Certification, Third Edition

Chapter 2
Linux Installation and Usage
Objectives
Install Red Hat Fedora Linux using good practices
Outline the structure of the Linux interface
Enter basic shell commands and find command
documentation
Properly shut down the Linux operating system
Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 3e
Installing Linux: Preparing for

Installation
All OSs require a minimum set of hardware
components to function properly
Can be obtained from manual or file in DVD of OS,
or from vendor website
Each individual hardware component should be

checked against the Hardware Compatibility List
(HCL) found on the vendors Web site

Installation (continued)
Table 2-1 Fedora 13 hardware requirements


Installation (continued)
Need to identify software that will be used in the
Linux operating system
Computers host name
Network configuration parameters
Specific software packages to be installed
Create preinstallation checklist to document

hardware and software information
Table 2-2 Sample preinstallation checklist

Installing Linux: Installation Methods
DVD media
FTP server
HTTP Web server
NFS server
SMB server
Packages on hard disk
CD-ROM media
Starting the Installation and Checking

Media for Errors
Boot from first Red Hat Fedora Linux DVD
A Welcome screen is displayed, can select option:
Default graphical installation

Installation with basic video driver
Rescue installed items
Boot from local drive
Memory test
Check media for errors prior to installation

Optional, but recommended

Media for Errors (continued)
Figure 2-1: Beginning a Fedora installation


Media for Errors (continued)
Figure 2-3: Testing DVD media

10
Choosing the Language, Keyboard,

and Storage Type
Allowed to choose installation language
Choose keyboard configuration
Keyboard model and layout automatically detected
Select types of storage devices used to host the

Linux OS
For internal or locally attached hard drive installation,
select Basic Storage Devices
For installation on SAN or DASD, select Specialized
Storage Devices
11

and Storage Type (continued)
Figure 2-4: Selecting an installation language

12

and Storage Type (continued)
Figure 2-5: Verifying keyboard configuration

13
Selecting a Host Name, Time Zone,

and Root Password
Supply a host name that will identify system on the
network
By default use localhost.localdomain
Important to select correct time zone for the local

system
Authentication: Users log in via valid user name and
password
Configure two user accounts
Administrator account (root): full rights to system
Regular user account
14

and Root Password (continued)
Figure 2-7: Selecting a host name

15

Figure 2-8: Selecting a time zone

16

Figure 2-9: Setting a root password

17
Configuring Storage Devices

Most common storage devices for storing Linux OS
are hard disks
Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA)
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)
Each hard disk is divided into partitions

Partitions formatted with filesystems
Maximum four primary partitions
Extended partition can be divided into logical drives
18

(continued)
Table 2-3: PATA hard disk configurations

19

(continued)
Table 2-4: Example of a partitioning scheme for a primary

master IDE hard disk
20

(continued)
Filesystems can be accessed if attached (mounted)
to a directory
Minimum of two partitions
Partition for root directory
Partition for virtual memory (swap memory)
Area on hard disk used to store information normally
residing in physical memory (RAM)
Automatic or manual partitioning

Better to manually partition
21
Table 2-5: Common Linux filesystems and sizes

22

(continued)
Different types of filesystems
Ext2: used on most Linux computers

Ext3, Ext4: performs journaling
Vfat: compatible with Windows FAT filesystem
REISER: performs journaling
Journaling: keeps track of the information written to

the hard drive
23

(continued)
Figure 2-10: Selecting a partition strategy

24

(continued)
When creating a partition, specify the partition
technology
For standard disk partitions need to provide
information regarding size, filesystem type,
encryption options and mount point
Instead of standard partitions, can create volumes
that span multiple disks
Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)
25
Configuring the Boot Loader

Boot loader: program started by BIOS at system
startup
Loads Linux kernel into memory from hard disk
Can also boot other existing OSs
GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB): boot loader

configured during Fedora Linux installation
Dual booting: choose OS to boot at startup
26

(continued)
Figure 2-14: Configuring a boot loader

27

(continued)
Boot loader usually resides on the MBR or on first
sector of / or /boot partition
Kernel parameters: information passed to Linux
kernel via the boot loader
Large Block Addressing 32-bit (LBA32): enables
Large Block Addressing in boot loader
For large hard disks not fully supported by the BIOS
28
Selecting and Installing Packages
Figure 2-15: Selecting system role and software

repositories
29
Selecting and Installing Packages

(continued)
Figure 2-16: Selecting individual packages

30
Completing the Firstboot Wizard

Complete the installation
License agreement
User accounts and authentication
Date and time
Network Time Protocol (NTP)
Confirmation of hardware to be used
Log in with user account for daily tasks

Use Network Login: authenticate users based on
an external database
31

(continued)
Figure 2-18: Creating a regular user account

32

(continued)
Figure 2-19: Choosing authentication options

33

(continued)
Figure 2-20: Advanced authentication options

34

(continued)
Figure 2-21: Setting the date and time

35

(continued)
Figure 2-22: Viewing the hardware profile

36
Basic Linux Usage: Shells, Terminals,

and the Kernel
Terminal: channel allowing users to log on to the
kernel locally or across a network
Shell: user interface which accepts user inputs and
transfers them to the kernel
BASH Shell (Bourne Again Shell): default Linux
shell
Command line shell
Linux allows multiple terminals, each with its own

shell
37

and the Kernel (continued)
Figure 2-23: Shells, terminals, and the kernel

38

Graphical interface
Start GUI environment on top of BASH shell
Or, switch to a graphical terminal
e.g., GNOME Display Manager (gdm)
From the local server, use key combinations to

change to separate terminal
Command-line terminal may be accessed from GUI
environment
Command line prompt:
Root user: #
Regular user: $
39

Table 2-6: Common Linux terminals

40

Figure 2-25: Accessing a command-line

terminal in a GUI environment
41
Basic Shell Commands

Commands: indicate name of program to execute
Case sensitive
Options: specific letters starting with - appearing

after command name
Alter way command works
Arguments: specify a commands specific working

parameters
42
Basic Shell Commands (continued)
Table 2-7: Some common Linux commands

43
Shell Metacharacters
Metacharacters: characters with a special meaning
e.g., $
Refers to a variable
Avoid use of metacharacters when typing

commands unless using their special functionality
Single quotation marks protect metacharacter from
being interpreted specially by the shell
44
Shell Metacharacters (continued)
Table 2-8: Common BASH Shell metacharacters

45
Getting Command Help

Manual (man) pages: most common form of
documentation for Linux commands
At command prompt, type man followed by
command name
Contain different sections
Searchable by keyword
Info pages: set of local, easy-to-read command

syntax documentation
At command prompt, type info followed by a
command name
46
Getting Command Help (continued)
Table 2-9: Manual page section numbers

47
Shutting Down the Linux System
Table 2-10: Commands to halt and reboot the Linux

operating system
48
Summary
Prior to installation
Verify hardware requirements using HCL
Create preinstallation checklist
DVDbased installation
Easiest
Most common
49
Summary (continued)
Installation prompts for language, host name, date,
time zone, keyboard layout, user account
configuration, storage configuration, boot loader
configuration, and package selection
Users must log in to a terminal and receive a shell
before they are able to interact with the Linux
system and kernel
50
Summary (continued)
From any type of terminal you can enter
commands, options, and arguments at a shell
prompt to perform system tasks, obtain command
help, or shut down the Linux system
The shell is case sensitive and understands a
variety of special characters called shell
metacharacters, which should be protected if their
special meaning is not required
51

Linux+ Guide To Linux Certification, Third Edition: Linux Installation and Usage

Transféré par

Informations du document

Description originale:

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Linux+ Guide To Linux Certification, Third Edition: Linux Installation and Usage

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Linux+ Guide to Linux

Certification, Third Edition

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 3e

Installing Linux: Preparing for

Each individual hardware component should be

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 3e

Installing Linux: Preparing for

Table 2-1 Fedora 13 hardware requirements

Installing Linux: Preparing for

Create preinstallation checklist to document

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 3e

Table 2-2 Sample preinstallation checklist

Installing Linux: Installation Methods

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 3e

Starting the Installation and Checking

Default graphical installation

Check media for errors prior to installation

Starting the Installation and Checking

Figure 2-1: Beginning a Fedora installation

Starting the Installation and Checking

Figure 2-3: Testing DVD media

Choosing the Language, Keyboard,

Select types of storage devices used to host the

Choosing the Language, Keyboard,

Figure 2-4: Selecting an installation language

Choosing the Language, Keyboard,

Figure 2-5: Verifying keyboard configuration

Selecting a Host Name, Time Zone,

Important to select correct time zone for the local

Selecting a Host Name, Time Zone,

Figure 2-7: Selecting a host name

Selecting a Host Name, Time Zone,

Figure 2-8: Selecting a time zone

Selecting a Host Name, Time Zone,

Figure 2-9: Setting a root password

Configuring Storage Devices

Each hard disk is divided into partitions

Configuring Storage Devices

Table 2-3: PATA hard disk configurations

Configuring Storage Devices

Table 2-4: Example of a partitioning scheme for a primary

Configuring Storage Devices

Automatic or manual partitioning

Table 2-5: Common Linux filesystems and sizes

Configuring Storage Devices

Ext2: used on most Linux computers

Journaling: keeps track of the information written to

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 3e

Configuring Storage Devices

Figure 2-10: Selecting a partition strategy

Configuring Storage Devices

Configuring the Boot Loader

GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB): boot loader

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 3e

Configuring the Boot Loader

Figure 2-14: Configuring a boot loader

Configuring the Boot Loader

Linux+ Guide to Linux Certification, 3e

Selecting and Installing Packages

Figure 2-15: Selecting system role and software

Selecting and Installing Packages

Figure 2-16: Selecting individual packages