Académique Documents
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Introduction
Name:
Experience of Construction projects:
Experience of Road projects:
Designation:
Category in which you have more experience:
______
_____________
Client
Consultant
Contractor
a. Identification of factors that are responsible for poor labour productivity or performance in road projects of
Pakistan.
Labour productivity is often expressed as the quantity of work performed by a crew during a standard eighthour day.
Choose an appropriate no. for each identified factor from the Likert scale below in response to the statement
that these factors are responsible for poor labour productivity of Road projects in Pakistan.
Response
Scale
Factor
Strongly
disagree
1
Disagree
2
Neither agree
nor disagree
3
Agree
Strongly agree
External factors
Judicial system for construction
Political effect
Natural disaster
No workers Insurance
Poor Salary
Unaccountability of each
Lack of supervision
Disrespectful treatment
Poor Leadership
Economic factors
level of management
Lack of financial rewards
Supervision factors
Administrative Factors
Poor discipline
No organized Unions
Burdensome procedures
Overstaffing
Different languages
Family problems
Worker age
No Job security
Lack of appreciation
Complex design
Design changes
Incomplete drawings
Excessive rework
Disruptions in work
Overtime working
Inefficient equipment
Accidents
Equipment factors
Congestion in site(multiple
Indefinite scheduling
Double shift
Insignificant
Minor
Moderate
Major
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
Extraordinary
impact
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
External factors
Judicial system for construction, Topography of the Area, Political effect, Severe Climate Factor,
Natural disaster
External
factors
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
Economic factors
No workers Insurance, Poor Salary, Delay Payments to workers ,Unaccountability of each level of
management, Lack of financial rewards
Economic
factors
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
Supervision factors
Supervisor delay or absenteeism, Disrespectful treatment, Poor supervision method, Lack of
Supervision
Supervision
factors
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
Administrative factors
Poor Organizational Structure, Poor Leadership , Disorganized labour recruitment, Poor Discipline
(favoritism), Poor involvement of workers and awareness in decision making, Poor procedures and
policies, Workers promotion issues, No Organized Unions, Burdensome Procedures, Roles and
responsibilities are not clearly assigned, Unnecessary and frequent change of tasks of workers,
Poor communication system, High labour absenteeism, High labour turn over, Overstaffing
Administrativ
e factors
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of
Project Cost)
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
Excessive rework, Poor work timings, High quality of work Required, Poor execution plan,
Disruptions in work,, Unfair work assignments, Overtime working, Unclear instructions to the
labourers, Unproductive time (extra break, internal delay, waiting & relaxation)
Project
execution
factors
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
Material factors
Unsuitable material, On time material unavailability, Poor Quality material, Improper material storage
location
Material
factors
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
Equipment factors
Inappropriate equipment, On time equipment unavailability, Inefficient equipment
Equipment
factors
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
Planning Factors
Poor Firm reputation, Indefinite scheduling, No skill development programs(trainings or workshops
etc), Frequent Variation orders, double shift
Planning
Factors
(upto 5% of
Project Cost)
(upto 15% of
Project Cost)
(upto 25% of
Project Cost)
(upto 35% of
Project Cost)
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)
C. FACTORS THAT CAN ENHANCE THE LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY OF ROAD PROJECTS OF PAKISTAN
Rank the factors in response to the statement that these factors can enhance the labour productivity of road
construction projects keeping in view the conditions and geographic texture of Pakistan.
Motivational factors
Bonus on Eid
Union membership
Firm reputation
Respectful treatment
Workers Insurance
Handsome Salary
On time payment
Accountability of each
Scheduled holidays
Job security
Controlled rework
Overtime working
level of management
Involvement of workers
and awareness in decision making
Timely promotion
Workers security
Timely Supervision
Good Leadership
Discipline
Advanced policies
Organized Unions
Appropriate staffing
Administrative Factors
and responsibilities
Simple design
Quality material
Advanced equipment
Definite scheduling
Material factors
Equipment factors
Planning Factors