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Questionnaire

Introduction
Name:
Experience of Construction projects:
Experience of Road projects:
Designation:
Category in which you have more experience:

______
_____________
Client

Consultant

Contractor

a. Identification of factors that are responsible for poor labour productivity or performance in road projects of
Pakistan.
Labour productivity is often expressed as the quantity of work performed by a crew during a standard eighthour day.
Choose an appropriate no. for each identified factor from the Likert scale below in response to the statement
that these factors are responsible for poor labour productivity of Road projects in Pakistan.
Response
Scale
Factor

Strongly
disagree
1

Disagree
2

Neither agree
nor disagree
3

Agree

Strongly agree

External factors
Judicial system for construction

Political effect

Topography of the Area

Severe Climate Factor

Natural disaster

No workers Insurance

Poor Salary

Delay Payments to workers

Unaccountability of each

Supervisor delay or absenteeism

Lack of supervision

Poor supervision method

Disrespectful treatment

Poor Organizational Structure

Poor Leadership

Economic factors

level of management
Lack of financial rewards
Supervision factors

Administrative Factors

Disorganized labour recruitment

Poor discipline

Poor involvement of workers

Poor procedures and policies

No organized Unions

Burdensome procedures

Workers promotion Issues

Roles and responsibilities

Poor communication system

High labour absenteeism

High labour turn over

Overstaffing

Different cultural backgrounds

Different languages

Misunderstandings among workers

Frequent changes in team

Favoritism (one gets more credit

Family problems

Labour physical capability

Labour disloyal attitude

Working without holidays

Lack of individual skills

Lack of labour experience

Worker age

No Job security

and awareness in decision making

are not clearly assigned


Unnecessary and frequent
change of tasks of workers

Group Interpersonal relationship

inspite of his lower performance)

Individual worker Factors

Lack of appreciation

Complex design

Imprecise technical specification

Design changes

Incomplete drawings

Excessive rework

Poor work timings

High quality of work Required

Poor execution plan

Disruptions in work

Unfair work assignments

Overtime working

Unclear instructions to workers

Unproductive time (extra break,

Material unsuitable to task

On time material unavailability

Poor Quality material

Improper material storage location

Equipment unsuitable to task

Timely equipment unavailability

Inefficient equipment

Improper living facilities

Health and safety rules violation

Poor workers security

Accidents

Use of alcohol and drugs

Project design factors

Project execution factors

internal delay, waiting & relaxation )


Material factors

Equipment factors

Health and Safety Factors

Site Layout Factors


Site conveyance

Congestion in site(multiple

Poor Firm reputation

Indefinite scheduling

Lack of skill development programs

Frequent Variation orders

Double shift

works in limited workspace)


Planning Factors

(trainings or workshops etc)

B. IMPACT OF DIFFERENT CLASS OF FACTORS ON LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN TERMS OF PROJECT


COST OF ROAD PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN
Choose a probable percentage for each identified category from the Likert scale below with respect to
their role for poor labour productivity resulting in project cost enhancement of Road projects in
Pakistan .
Response
Scale
Type of
Factors

Insignificant

Minor

Moderate

Major

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

Extraordinary
impact
(more than
50% of Project
Cost)

External factors
Judicial system for construction, Topography of the Area, Political effect, Severe Climate Factor,
Natural disaster
External
factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of Project
Cost)

Economic factors
No workers Insurance, Poor Salary, Delay Payments to workers ,Unaccountability of each level of
management, Lack of financial rewards
Economic
factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of Project
Cost)

Supervision factors
Supervisor delay or absenteeism, Disrespectful treatment, Poor supervision method, Lack of
Supervision
Supervision
factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of Project
Cost)

Administrative factors
Poor Organizational Structure, Poor Leadership , Disorganized labour recruitment, Poor Discipline
(favoritism), Poor involvement of workers and awareness in decision making, Poor procedures and
policies, Workers promotion issues, No Organized Unions, Burdensome Procedures, Roles and
responsibilities are not clearly assigned, Unnecessary and frequent change of tasks of workers,
Poor communication system, High labour absenteeism, High labour turn over, Overstaffing
Administrativ
e factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of
Project Cost)

Group interpersonal relationship factors


Different cultural backgrounds, Different languages, Misunderstandings among workers, Frequent
changes in team, Favoritism (one gets more credit inspite of his lower performance).
Group
interpersona
l relationship
factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of Project
Cost)

Individual worker Factors


Family problems, Labour physical capability, Labour disloyal attitude, Working without holidays,
Lack of individual skills, Lack of labour experience , Worker age, No Job security
Individual
worker
Factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of Project
Cost)

Project design factors


Complex design, Clarity of technical specifications, Design changes, Incomplete drawings
Project
design
factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

Project execution factors

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of Project
Cost)

Excessive rework, Poor work timings, High quality of work Required, Poor execution plan,
Disruptions in work,, Unfair work assignments, Overtime working, Unclear instructions to the
labourers, Unproductive time (extra break, internal delay, waiting & relaxation)
Project
execution
factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of Project
Cost)

Material factors
Unsuitable material, On time material unavailability, Poor Quality material, Improper material storage
location
Material
factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of Project
Cost)

Equipment factors
Inappropriate equipment, On time equipment unavailability, Inefficient equipment
Equipment
factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of Project
Cost)

Health and Safety Factors


Improper living facilities, Health and safety rules violation, Poor workers security, Accidents, Use of
alcohol and drugs
Health and
Safety
Factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of Project
Cost)

Site Layout Factors


Site conveyance, Congestion in site(multiple works in limited workspace)
Site Layout
Factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of Project
Cost)

Planning Factors
Poor Firm reputation, Indefinite scheduling, No skill development programs(trainings or workshops
etc), Frequent Variation orders, double shift
Planning
Factors

(upto 5% of
Project Cost)

(upto 15% of
Project Cost)

(upto 25% of
Project Cost)

(upto 35% of
Project Cost)

(more than
50% of Project

Cost)

C. FACTORS THAT CAN ENHANCE THE LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY OF ROAD PROJECTS OF PAKISTAN
Rank the factors in response to the statement that these factors can enhance the labour productivity of road
construction projects keeping in view the conditions and geographic texture of Pakistan.
Motivational factors

Bonus on Eid

Financial rewards for good work

Free food facility

Union membership

Firm reputation

Respectful treatment

Deserved appreciation for work

Workers Insurance

Handsome Salary

On time payment

Accountability of each

Preference to family problems

Scheduled holidays

Job security

Controlled rework

Suitable work timings

Simple execution plan

Controlled disruptions in work

Fair work assignments

Overtime working

level of management
Involvement of workers
and awareness in decision making

Timely promotion

Clear instructions to workers

Proper living facilities

Proper health and safety rules

Workers security

Prohibition of alcohol and drugs

Appropriate site layout plan

Site conveyance facility

Career development programs

Timely Supervision

Proper supervision system

Proper Organizational Structure

Good Leadership

Organized labour recruitment

Discipline

Advanced policies

Organized Unions

Clear assignment of roles

Controlled change of tasks

Advanced communication system

Appropriate staffing

(trainings or workshops etc)


Simple Procedures
Supervision factors

Administrative Factors

and responsibilities

Project design factors

Simple design

Clarity of technical specifications

Controlled Design changes

Material suitable to task

On time material availability

Quality material

Proper material storage locations

Equipment suitable to task

On time equipment availability

Advanced equipment

Definite scheduling

Controlled variation orders

Material factors

Equipment factors

Planning Factors

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