Structure of Guru Granth Sahib

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Structure of Guru Granth Sahib

From SikhiWiki
The Guru Granth Sahib begins with the word "Ek Onkar" The All Pervading Being. From this Word to the
tenth Word Gur-parshad is called the Mool Mantra. After this is the rest of the composition called the Japji
composed by Guru Nanak Dev. This comprises 38 Pauris or stanzas, a Prologue and an Epilogue. This is one
of the morning prayer of the Sikhs.
The next composition has two parts - (1) "So Dar" and (2) "So Purkh". The Bani, "So Dar" contains 5
Shabads and "So Purkh" contains 4 Shabads. This form most of the evening prayer of the Sikhs and is called
the Rehras. After this is the Bani called Sohila (full name, Kirtan Sohila), which contains 5 Shabads and is
the bed-time prayer.
The scripture contains compositions by:
6 Sikh Gurus: Guru Nanak, Guru Angad, Guru Amar Das, Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan and Guru
Tegh Bahadur (the first five Gurus and the ninth Guru)
A page from the bir of Guru Granth Sahib

handwritten by Pratap Singh Giani, located on the
first floor of Sri Harimandir Sahib, Amritsar.
Seventeen saints/Bhagats: (Kabir, Farid, Namdev, Ravidas, Beni, Trilochan, Jaidev, Surdas,
Parmanand, Sadhana, Ramanand, Dhanna, Pipa, Sain, Bhikhan, Surday, Mardana)
Poets Balwand & Sata and eleven Bhatts: or poets of the Sikh Gurus (Bhatt Balh, Bhatt Bhalh, Bhatt Bhika, Bhatt Gayand, Bhatt Harbans, Bhatt
Jalap, Bhatt Kalshar, Bhatt Kirat, Bhatt Mathura, Bhatt Nalh, Bhatt Salh)
The Guru Granth Sahib contains 5894 hymns or Shabads/Sloks. Of these,
2218 by the fifth, Guru Arjan Dev
115 by the ninth Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur
541 hymns are by Bhagat Kabir.
381 hymns are by others Bhagats Bhatts and Poets listed above.
974 hymns are written by the first Guru, Guru Nanak,

62 by the second Guru, Guru Angad
907 by the third, Guru Amar Das
679 by the fourth, Guru Ram Das
Contents
1 Pre-Raga Section
2 Raga section
2.1 Index of Raga section
2.2 The Sequence of Compositions with the Raags
3 Post Raga Section
4 Var
4.1 Details of Vars in order of Raags
5 Compositions of the Bhagats
6 The Metres and types of compositions
7 Contributors to the Granth
7.1 The 7 Gurus
7.2 The 15 Bhagats
7.3 The 17 Bhatts
7.4 The 4 Sikhs
8 See also
9 External Links
Pre-Raga Section
The section of Bani before the Ragas as described above, can be summarised in relation to the page numbers as given below:
#
1.
#
a.
Description of Bani
Japji Sahib Guru Nanak Dev
Mool Mantar
Pages
1 to 8
1
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b.
c.
2.
a.
b.
3.
38 Pauris
Slok
Rehras
So Dar
So Purakh
Sohila
1 to 8
8
8 to 12
8 to 10
10 to 12
12 to 13
Raga section
After the above mentioned compositions, comes the major part of the holy scriptures called the Raga Section, which starts at page 14 and is divided into the
following 31 Raags or musical measures
Sri raga, Manjh, Gauri, Asa, Gujri, Devagandhari, Bihagara, Wadahans, Sorath, Dhanasri, Jaitsri, Todi, Bairari, Tilang, Suhi, Bilaval, Gond (Gaund), Ramkali,
Nut-Narayan, Mali-Gaura, Maru, Tukhar, Kedara, Bhairav (Bhairo), Basant, Sarang, Malar, Kanra, Kalyan, Prabhati and Jaijawanti
Main article: Sikh Ragas
Within it's 1430 pages, most of the Shabads (hymns) of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib are arranged in these thirty-one Ragas, the traditional Indian musical
measures and scales. Within the Ragas, they are arranged by order of the Sikh Gurus, with the shabads of the Hindu and Muslim saints. The shabads are
written in various meters and rhythms, and are organized accordingly. For instance, Ashtapadi - eight steps, or Panch-padi - five steps. The Sri Guru Granth
Sahib is written in Gurmukhi script, but the shabads were written in many different languages including Punjabi, Sanskrit and Persian.
Index of Raga section

Main article: Index of Raag section
A raga is a reflection of a person's mood or emotional inclination and this is basically expressed musically by a set of rules to build a melody. This human
emotion is reflected in music by specifying a scale, as well as rules for movements up and down the scale. Also, which notes should figure more and which
notes should be used more sparingly; which notes take which ornamentation, which notes must be bent, which notes may be bent, phrases to be used, phrases
to be avoided, and so on. The result is a framework that can be used to compose or improvise melodies in, so that melodies in a certain raga will always be
recognisable yet allowing endless variation.
Sri 14 to 93
(http://www.srigranth.org/servlet
/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=14)
Majh 94 to 150
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=94)
Gauri 151 to 346
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=151)
Asa 347 to 488
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=347)
Gujari 489 to 526
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=489)
Devgandhari 527 to 536
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=527)
Bihagara 537 to 556
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
Sorath 595 to 659

g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=595)
Dhanasari 660 to 695
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=660)
Jaitsari 696 to 710
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=696)
Todi 711 to 718
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=711)
Bairari 719 to 720
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=719)
Tilang 721 to 727
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=721)
Suhi 728 to 794
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
Gaund 859 to 875

g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=859)
Ramkali 876 to 974
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=876)
Nat Narayan 975 to 983
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=975)
Mali Gaura 984 to 988
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=984)
Maru 889 to 1106
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=889)
Tukhari 1107 to 1117
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=1107)
Kedara 1118 to 1124
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
Basant 1168 to 1196

g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=1168)
Sarang 1197 to 1253
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=1197)
Malar 1254 to 1293
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=1254)
Kanara 1294 to 1318
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=1294)
Kalyan 1319 to 1326
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=1319)
Prabhati 1327 to 1351
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=1327)
Jaijaiwanti 1352 to 1429
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
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p=0&k=0&Param=537)
Wadhans 557 to 594
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=557)
p=0&k=0&Param=728)
Bilaval 795 to 858
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=795)
p=0&k=0&Param=1118)
Bhairon 1125 to 1167
g=1&h=0&r=1&t=1&
p=0&k=0&Param=1125)
p=0&k=0&Param=1352)
The Sequence of Compositions with the Raags

Within each Raag, the compositions are arranged in the following order:
Shabads, followed by Astpadis, follwed by Chhants, followed by Compositions of the Bhagats.
Each section of Shabads, Astpadis, Chhants are arranged in the order of the Gurus. Surprisingly, there are no Shabads by Guru Angad Dev Ji - He only wrote
Sloks. Each section of Shabads in each Raag is follwed by Astpadi again in order of the Gurus. There is no Astpadi written by Guru Tegh Bahadur. After the
Astpadi section are Chhants in the same chronological order of the Gurus.
The Contents of 31 Raags are:
Written by
Guru Nanak Dev
Guru Amar Das
Guru Ram Das
Guru Arjan Dev
Guru Tegh Bahadur
Total
Shabads
209
172
264
1322
59
2026
Astpadis
123
79
58
45
305
Chhants
25
19
38
63
145
Total
357
270
360
1430
59
2476
Post Raga Section

After the completion of the Raag section of the Guru Granth Sahib which form the majority of the holy scripture, the following compositions appear:
#
#
Description of Bani
1.
Slok Saihskriti, Guru. Nanak Dev
2.
Slok Saihskriti, Guru Arjan Dev
3.
Gaatha, Guru. Arjan Dev
4.
Phunhe, Guru Arjan Dev
5.
Chaubole, Guru Arjan Dev
6.
Slok, Bhagat Kabir Ji
7.
Slok, Shaikh Farid Ji
8.
Swayye, Sri Mukh Wak
9.
Swayye, Sri Mukh Wak
10.
Swayye, 11 Bhatts
The Swayye of the 11 Bhatts can be broken down as:
a.
In Praise of Guru Nanak Dev
b.
In Praise of Guru Angad Dev
c.
In Praise of Guru Amar Das
d.
In Praise of Guru Ram Das
e.
In Praise of Guru Arjan Dev
11.
Sloks in addition to those in Vars:
a.
Guru Nanak Dev
b.
Guru Amar Das
c.
Guru Ram Das
d.
Guru Arjan Dev
12.
Sloks of Guru Tegh Bahadur
13.
Mundawani, Guru Arjan Dev
14.
Slok of Guru Arjan Dev
15.
Ragmala
Slok
8
67
24
23
11
243
130
9
11
123
10
10
22
60
21
152
33
67
30
22
57
1
1
Var
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Altogether, there are in all 22 Varan in Guru Granth Sahib, of which 21 have been written by the Gurus, and one by Bhatts Satta and Balwand. The details of
Vars are given below #
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Writtten by:
Guru Nanak Dev
Guru Amar Das
Guru Ram Das
Guru Arjan Dev
Satta and Balwand
Total
Appears in Raags
Majh, Asa and Malar
Gujri, Suhi, Ramkali and Maru
Sri, Gaurhi, Bihagrha, Vadhans, Sorath, Bilawal, Sarang and Kanrha
Rag Gaurhi, Gujri, Jaitsri, Ramkali, Maru. and. Basant
Rag Ramkali
Varan
3
4
8
6
1
22
Details of Vars in order of Raags

The following is the breakdown of the number of Varan in the Raags:
Ramkali has 3 varaa
Gaurhi, Gujri, Matu each have 2 varaa each.
The remaining 13 raags each have 1 var: Sri, Majh, Asa, Baihagara, Vadhans, Sorath, Jaitsri, Suhi, Bilawal, Basant, Sarang, Malar and Karma.
Except for Satta and Baiwands Var in Rag Ramkali and the Var in Basant Rag of Guru Arjan Dev, in all the remaining Varaa, Sloks of first five Gurus have
been attached to the Pauris of the Vars. The details of Pauris and Sloks of these Vars are given below:Details of Pauris of 21:
Guru Nanak Dev 78 Pauris (stanzas)
Guru Amar Das 85 Pauris
Guru Ram Das 183 Pauris
Guru Ram Das 183 Pauris
Guru Arjan Dev 117 Pauris
Total number of Pauris of 2l 463 Pauris
Vars Satta-Baiwands Var 8 Pauris
Grand Total of Pauris 471 Pauris
Details of Sloks of 21 Vars
Guru Nanak Dev 227 Sloks
Guru Angad Dev 63 Sloks
Guru Amar Das 343 Sloks
Guru Ram Das 105 Sloks
Guru Arjan Dev 252 Sloks
Kabir Ji 4 Sloks
Total of 994 Sloks
Compositions of the Bhagats

The compositions of the Bhagats appears in 22 of the 31 raags. There are a total of 349 Shabads by the
Bhagats. Within these 349 Shabads are also 3 Shabads by Guru Arjan Dev. The breakdown of these 352
shabads is given below:
Written by
Bhagat Kabir
Bhagat Namdev
Bhagat Ravidas
Bhagat Trilochan
Bhagat Farid
Bhagat Beni
Bhagat Dhanna
Bhagat Jaidev
Bhagat Bhikhan
Bhagat Parmanand
No of Shabads
224
61
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
location of birth place of various Writers of Guru

Granth Sahib compiled by Guru Arjun & Guru
Gobind Singh
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Bhagat Sain
Bhagat Sadhana
Bhagat Ramanand
Bhagat Surdas
Guru Arjan Dev
Total
1
1
1
1
1
352
In addition to the above Shabads, there are 3 more compositions by Bhagat Kabir in Raag Gauri. They are Bavan Akhari, Pandrah Thithi and Satt Var.
The Metres and types of compositions

All hymns contained in Guru Granth Sahib are classified in different Ragas except the first hymn 'JAP JI, and SWAYYAS AND SLOAKS' at the end. The
composition of the hymns in Guru Granth Sahib can be classified as:
a. Shabads (religious sayings of different number of verses and their count in Guru Granth Sahib is as follows:
2 verses - (dupadas), 608
3 verses - (tripade), 73
4 verses - (chaupadas), 1,255
5 verses - (panchpadas), 80
6 verses - (chhepedas), 11 verses
8 verses - (Ashtpadian), 311
16 verses - (sohilas), 62
b. Pauris - Literally there is no difference between a shabad and a pauri. The practical difference is that a pauri carries its idea further. In Punjabi language a
pauri means a ladder. The word pauri is used in the Granth Sahib to define different parts of a 'VAR' - a heroic ballad e.g. Var Rankali of the third Guru or a
long verse e.g. Jap Ji of Guru Nanak. The pauri is a long verse and may or may not have uniformity i.e. they may differ in metre and in number.
c. Vars (ballads) - Var means a long poem in which the praises of a hero are sung. The religious Vars included in Guru Granth Sahib contain a slok, a small
verse complete in itself which is mostly subjective, before each pauri in order to clarify the idea contain in the pauri. The Pauris of a Var are by the same writer
but it is not necessary for the sloks. If the name/number of the composer is not given before the sloks then the composer is the same as that of the Var
otherwise the name or number of the composer is given. There are 22 Vars in Guru Granth Sahib written as follows: Guru Nanak - 3 Guru Amardas - 4 Guru
Ramdas - 8 Guru Arjan - 6 Satta and Balwand (Bards) - 1 (This Var has no sloaks in it)
d. Chhants - means verses of praise. Majority of the Chhants in Guru Granth Sahib contain one or more stanzas. A stanza of a Chhant contains four to six
verses. There are some Chhants which are preceded by sloaks like Pauris in Vars.
e. Swayas - it is a particular stanza form. In Guru Granth Sahib are the Bards/Bhats who.composed Swayas to praise the Sikh Gurus and used many other
metres under the heading Swayas. They also used different arrangements of long and short syllables at the end of the verses or within the serves. There are 122
Swayas composed by the Bhats in praise of the Gurus included in Guru Granth Sahib.
Patti is a long verse in which each letter of an alphabet is represented by a stanza. Guru Nanak has used Punjabi alphabet while Guru Amardas has used some
other alphabet of the period. Two more similar verses have been named as Bawankhris, meaning fifty-two letters. Guru Nanak's Bawan-Akhri has 52 letters
whereas Kabir's Bawan-Akhri has only 36 letters. Onkar also means the beginning of an alphabet and dakhni means 'o f the south'. Thus a southern alphabet is
used in this verse. It is composed by Guru Nanak and has 54 letters in it.
g. Pehre, Bara Mah, Thhitti and Rutti. These are the long verses in which stanzas are composed on the names of the four parts of the day, seven days of the
week, twelve months of the year, fifteen lunar dates and six seasons.
h. Gatha and Phune. These are special type of sloaks. In Gatha, like Sahaskriti sloaks couplets, do not rhyme. Phune means repetition. In phunhay word
'Harihan' is repeated in the fourth verse of each stanza.
i. Chaubole - Chaubole actually means a popular song. In Guru Granth Sahib it means an utterance of four persons, four Bhats - Somoan, Moos, Jan and
Patting.
Contributors to the Granth

The writings in the Granth generally appears in chapters which are given names of Raags. Within each chapter or Raag, the writings of the Gurus appears
chronologically. Each of the Gurus signed their hymns as Nanak. Their compositions are identified by the numerals at the beginning of each hymn, ie. Mahalla
1 is Guru Nanak, Mahalla 2 is Guru Angad and so on. These are then followed by those of other saints (Bhagtas) and other contributors. Their are 3,384 hymns
found in the Guru Granth Sahib broken down by 43 authors of who many were non-Sikhs including Hindus and Muslims. The authors of Guru Granth Sahib
include:
Seven [[Guru]s
Fifteen Bhagats
Seventeen Bhatts
Four Sikhs
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The 7 Gurus
Guru Nanak: 974 hymns including sloks and pauris
Guru Angad: 62 sloks
Guru Amar Das: 907 hymns including sloks and pauris
Guru Ram Das: 679 hymns including sloks and pauris
Guru Arjan: 2,218 hymns including sloks and pauris
Guru Tegh Bahadur: 59 hymns and 56 sloks
Guru Gobind Singh: 1 slok
The 15 Bhagats
Holy text of saints of both Muslim and Hindu faiths has been included in the Guru Granth Sahib; Sheikh Farid, who was a Muslim was a major contributor to
the Guru Granth Sahib. Bhagat Namdev and Bhagat Ravidas were Hindus who have substantial prominence in the Guru Granth Sahib.
Kabir: 292 hymns
Namdev: 60 hymns
Ravidas: 41 hymns
Sheikh Farid: 4 hymns and 130 sloks Sheikh
Trilochan: 4 hymns
Dhanna: 4 hymns
Beni: 3 hymns
Sheikh Bhikan: 2 hymns
Jaidev: 2 hymns
Surdas: 1 hymn Bhagat
Parmanand: 1 hymn
Pipa: 1 hymn
Ramanand: 1 hymn
Sadhna: 1 hymn
Sain: 1 hymn
The 17 Bhatts
The Bhatts were a group of musicians who lived in the sixteenth century. All of them were scholars, poets and singers.
Kal: 49 Swayyas
Kalsahar: 4 Swayyas
Tal: 1 Swayya
Jalap: 4 Swayyas
Jal: 1 Swayya
Kirat: 8 Swayyas
Sal: 3 Swayyas
Bhal: 1 Swayya
Nal: 6 Swayyas
Bhikha: 2 Swayyas
Jalan: 2 Swayyas
Das: 1 Swayya
Gayand: 5 Swayyas
Sewak: 7 Swayyas
Mathura: 10 Swayyas
Bal: 5 Swayyas
Harbans: 2 Swayyas
The 4 Sikhs
Mardana: 3 sloks
Satta and Balwand: 1 Var
Sunder: 1 hymn
See also
Guru Granth Sahib
Index of Guru Granth Sahib
Search Gurbani
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Guru Granth Sahib Numbering System
External Links
sikhs.org - Sri Guru Granth Sahib Authors & Contributors (http://www.sikhs.org/granth2.htm)
allaboutsikhs.com (http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/articles/guru-granth-sahibthe-history-arrangements-and-text.html)
sikhnet.com (http://www.sikhnet.com/S/StructureSGGS)
rajacademy.com (http://www.rajacademy.com/article.php?article_id=120)
gurbanifiles.org (http://www.gurbanifiles.org/intro.html)
searchgurbani.com Raag (http://www.searchgurbani.com/raags/)
Message of Guru Granth Sahib
[hide]
Praise for the Guru
Guru Granth Sahib
SGGS protocol
Sikh Scripture
Guidance for All
Category:Sikh belief
Guru Granth Sahib
SGGS against lust

SGGS on meat
SGGS on charity
The environment
One God
Equality of Women
SGGS on arguing
pilgrimage and fasting
SGGS on jealousy
SGGS against cruelty
Fasting
SGGS on makeup
SGGS the boat

SGGS on God
SGGS on anger
Kindness
SGGS ji
SGGS on hair
SGGS on family life

SGGS on ablution
SGGS on humility
SGGS on alcohol
Ek pita ekas ka..
Interfaith
[hide]
Index of Guru Granth Sahib SGGS Protocol Raag Sikh Ragas Ragmala Ghar Shabad Tuk Hukam Gurdwara Search Bani Pauri
Ashpaadi Salok Var Rahao
Introduction to Sikhism SGGS on Arguing SGGS on charity SGGS on meat Pilgrimage and fasting Sikh Women Primary Beliefs and
Message:
Principles Underlying Values Prohibited Behaviour Interfaith Guidance for All Dharma
Guru Granth Sahib Sikh Scripture Dasam Granth Ek Onkar Waheguru Bani Mool Mantar Japji Sahib Jaap Sahib Chaupai Anand
Banis:
Sahib Tav-Prasad Savaiye Rehras Sukhmani Dakhni Oankar Acrostic
Asa Bairari Basant Bhairon Bihagara Bilaval Devagandhari Dhanasari Gauri Gond Gujari Jaijavanti Jaitsri Kalian Kanara
Ragas: Kedara Maajh Malaar Mali Gaura Maru Nat Narain Prabhati Ramkali Sarang Sri Sorath Suhi Tilang Todi Tukhari
Vadahans
Gurbani Online Worldwide Praise Guru Granth Sahib Gallery What is SGGS? SGGG begins Uniquely Trumpp's Translation SGGS for
More:
children Gutka Guru Granth Sahib Numbering System
Structure:
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A page from the bir of Guru Granth Sahib

974 hymns are written by the first Guru, Guru Nanak,