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: Marelno Zakanito
Student ID
: 030.07.153
1. Nutrition is important for all stages of life cycle. Why nutrition of elderly becomes
Women of shorter stature have a greater risk for complications during child birth
due to their smaller pelvis, and are at risk of delivering a baby with low birth
weight.
Stunted growth can even be passed on to the next generation (this is called the
"intergenerational cycle of malnutrition").
3. What is the best time to introduce the complementary feeding to the infant ? Please
explain briefly about nutrient gap and energy gap.
The best time to introduce the complementary feeding to the infant is six month old. The
transition from exclusive breastfeeding to family foods, referred to as complementary
feeding, typically covers the period from 6 to 18-24 months of age, and is a very
vulnerable period. WHO recommends that infants start receiving complementary foods at
6 months of age in addition to breast milk, initially 2-3 times a day between 6-8 months,
increasing to 3-4 times daily between 9-11 months and 12-24 months with additional
nutritious snacks offered 1-2 times per day, as desired.
Exclusive breastfeeding is no longer sufficient to meet all energy and nutrient needs by
itself. Breast milk covers all energy needs up to 6 months, but after 6 months there is
energy gap that needs to be covered by complementary food. The energy needed in
addition to breast milk is about 200 kcal per day in infants 6-8 months, 300 kcal per day
in infants 9-11 months, and 550 kcal per day in children 12-23 months of age. The
amount of food required to cover the gap increases as the child gets older, and as the
intake of breast milk decreases. Complementary food should provide sufficient energy,
protein, and micronutrients to cover energy and nutrient gap.
4. What biochemical indicators will you measure to know the vitamin A status of under
5 years old children in a village?
a. Retinol serum
b. Serum Retinol Binding Protein (RBP)
c. Serum retinyl ester
d. Isotop dilution
e. Relative dose response (RDR)
f. MRDR (Modified Relative Dose Response)