CPC 100 Training Course

Agenda

Abdulla Hakeem
abdulla.hakeem@omicron.at

18 March 2014

Agenda of the training course

(CPC100)
> Safety of the CPC 100 Training course

> CPC 100 Hardware

> CPC 100 Basic Operations

> CPC 100 Tool Set (Start Page)

> CPC 100: CT Testing

> Power Transformer Diagnostics - Introduction

> Power Transformer Testing with CPC 100

> Primary Test Manager (PTM)

Safety of the CPC 100 course

Abdulla Hakeem
abdulla.hakeem@omicron.at

18 March 2014

General Safety Information's

Read the reference manual carefully! Only trained

personnel is allowed to operate the CPC 100
Work in accordance with the general and local safety
regulations (DIN EN 50191, VDE104...)

Always follow the five safety rules!

Important: You are responsible for safety!

Working with CPC 100

IMPORTANT: Connect CPC100 ground terminal securely

to a location near the device BEFORE testing!
In case of DANGER press the EMERGENCY stop button
Before touching any terminals or connecting /
disonnecting wires, check the warning lights on
the front panel of the CPC 100
Lock the device with the safety key lock when you
leave the CPC unattended!

The five safety rules

Important! Switching off the HV in the substation

and the grounding procedure is the job of the utility
personnel!

Isolate
Protect against re-connecting
Check isolation
Earth and short circuit
Cover neighbouring live parts

Safety Briefing for Training

> Please read the safety instructions carefully and sign it afterwards

CPC 100 Hardware

Abdulla Hakeem
abdulla.hakeem@omicron.at

18 March 2014

CPC 100 The Facts

> 4,8 kVA maximum power

> 800 A AC
> 400 A DC
> 2 kV AC

> Variable Frequency 15 Hz 400 Hz

> Frequency selective measurement

> Complex measurement

> Easy Data processing

> Main Weight: 29 kg

Left hand side

Front Panel
Binary Input
Lock

AC Output

LEDs for
easy
connection

Warning
Lights

DC Output
Emergency
Button

Measurement
Inputs

Right hand side

Serial Port (CP TD1,

CP SB1)

Safety Port

USB Port (Only for

Flash memory)

Connection
to a PC

Block Diagram of the CPC 100

Ext. Booster

500 V
500 V

2 kV

500 V 500 V 4 A
500 V 1 kV 2 A
2 kV 1 A
65 V

130 V / 6 A AC

65 V

Outputs

Filter / Rectifier /
Converter

3.1 A
Data Processing

6.3 A

65 V / 6 A DC

6 V / 800 A AC
5 V / 400 A DC
300 V AC
3 V AC
10 A AC / DC
10 V DC
BIN IN

Inp.

Mains

Kelvin clamps: 4 wire measurement

Contact resistances

Ztest
A

Kelvin clamps: 4-wire measurement

RContact
A

VContact
VTest

ZTest
VContact
RContact

RContact
A

VContact
VTest

ZTest

VContact
RContact

CPC 100 Basic Operations

Abdulla Hakeem
abdulla.hakeem@omicron.at

18 March 2014

Test Card and Test Procedure

Test Card

Test Procedure = saved in one xml-file

Test Card Functions

Front Panel
View Selector Keys

Context
depending soft
keys

Add new
test card

Switch between
test cards

Start / Stop test

Navigating

View Selector Keys

Test Card View

File Operations View

Test Procedure View

Settings View
Language
Date / Time
IP Configuration
Contrast
etc.

File Operations

xmt-files
hier noch xmt und xml
files aufmachen, noch
ein paar ordner mehr....
auto save file rein!!

Settings View Device Setup Autosave:

Test Card: Quick

Test current / voltage
Output

Frequency
Assessment
OK

2 measured
values

Actual
value

Failed

Calculated
value

Device
temperature

Quick Card: Measurement Options

sel: frequency selective measurement

CT / VT / Clamp: measurement via CT / VT / clamp
CPC Out: internal measurement (AC 800A, DC 400A, AC 2KV)

f: frequency measurement

Frequency selective measurement

0 dB

U
Interference
Injection

-60 dB
50 Hz

f
Shifted
Injection

0 dB

-60 dB
50 Hz

70 Hz

Interpolation to 50 Hz
Example: Line impedance measurement with parallel live system

Measurement via CT, VT or clamp

Choose Input

Set Calculation Factor

Quick Card: Calculation Options

Measurement:
2 voltages or 2 currents

Measurement:
1 voltage and 1 current

Impedance

Bin/Time (Trigger
Event)
Ratio (for 1A and 5A
sec. current)
Diff (Difference
between two
measurements)

Power

Sequencer: Test Card

Define sequence

Similar to
Quick Card

V, I, f
90 V

60 V
30 V

2s

4s

State 1 State 2

9s

State 3

Comment: Test Card

ASCII-coded txt-file

CPC 100 Tool Set (Start Page)

Abdulla Hakeem
abdulla.hakeem@omicron.at

18 March 2014

CPC 100 Start Page

Double click on
desktop symbol
Main Section
Tools

Templates

Main Section

Software
Version

Connected
Device
Version 2.00 (Build 1246)
Version 2.00 (1246)

Firmware
Version

Phrase Editor

Phrase Editor

Display of CPC 100

One line =
one phrase
Transfer
button

Two possibilities:
1) Edit phrases in Phrase Editor
2) Edit phrases in Notepad, save as .txt and import

Tools

> Primary Test Manager (PTM)

> CPC Editor
> Allows Test Procedure and Test Card View on the PC
> For easy and convenient preparation of test cards and templates

> Display test report

> .xml-file is transfered to Word or HTML format

> CPC Excel File Loader

> Converts .xml-files (CPC 100 data) to Excel

> OMICRON Device Browser (ODB)

> Access to OMICRON Device via PC

CPC Editor

Main Page

Settings

Test Procedure View

Test Card View

OMICRON Device Browser (ODB)

Display test report

Right click on .xml-file

CPC Excel File Loader

Welcome: Load .xml-file
Overview: List of all Test Cards
Other Tabs: One Tab = One Test Card

Test Templates

Transfer templates
to CPC 100

filtered by language
and frequency

Help
CPC 100 Template
Excel Template

Template Workflow

.xmt

measure &
save

Computer

1)
2)
3)
4)

CPC 100

load

equal

.xml

.xlt

save

.xlsm

Open Template on the CPC 100 from the Template folder (.xmt)
Perform measurement and save (.xml)
Open the corresponding Excel Template (.xlt) from Start Page
Load the saved .xml-file and save the excel report (.xlsm)

Structure of a Template
Predefined report sheets:
Further calculation
Added Diagrams
Presentable Design for Report

Structure of Excel File Loader

CPC 100: CT Testing

Abdulla Hakeem
abdulla.hakeem@omicron.at

18 March 2014

CT Test Cards

CT Ration (and Burden): Setup

P1

800 A
AC

Burden

1S1
1S2
2S1
P2 2S2
A
ALL other secondary windings
must be closed!!!

I AC/DC

V
V1 AC

Voltage
measurement is
optional!

CT Ratio (and Burden): Test Card

Nameplate data

Test Current

Measurement
results

2
BurdenVA Z I sec,
nominal

Vsec,measured 2
I sec,nominal
I sec,measured

Connection: CP CB2 <-> CPC 100

High-current
cable with a plug
on one end and
a clamp on the
other end

1)

Connection cable
CP CB2CPC 100
Current
booster
CP CB2

2)

CP CB2: 1000A and 2000A mode

2000 A mode

1000 A mode

CTBurden: Setup

P1

800 A
AC

1S2
2S1
P2 2S2

Burden

1S1

CTBurden: Test Card

nominal
secondary
current

Test stops
automatically

test current &

test frequency

2
BurdenVA Z I sec,
nominal

Vsec,measured 2
I sec,nominal
I sec,measured

CTExcitation: Setup

P1

1S2
CT

2S1

Burden

1S1

2S2
P2

High voltage at the output!!

CTExcitation: Test Card

frequency

value of each
measurement point

Standard for
kneepoint
determination

kneepoint data

Demagnetisation
function

CTEcxitation: Adjust Scaling

2 Adjust scaling

Bad scaling

Adjusted scaling

RWinding: Setup

P1

1S2
CT

2S1

Burden

1S1

2S2
P2

Attention!!:
DO NOT interrupt the current path!!
ONLY use the RWinding Test Card!!

RWinding: Current profile

R-displayed
Rmax

Dev.
Rmin

t = 10 s

Dev. Rmax Rmin

time

RWinding: Test Card

Test is stopped
automatically if Dev. < 0,1 %

Rmin

0,2mV

I test

Rmax

Measurement

Rmeas.

Actual deviation

VDC

I DC

Rref . Rmeas.

10V
I test

Main measuring
time

235 Tref .
235 Tmeas.

(IEC 60076-1)

PolCheck: Setup

P1
AC 800A

CT

1S1 S1
1S2
S2

S1
S2

P1
green LED

red LED

PolCheck: Test Card

Intermittent mode

Assessment for
each test point

CTRatioV: Setup

Short-circuit all terminals of

other windings
Shorten remaining phases
and neutral

CTRatioV: Test Card

Nameplate data

2
Vtest Vknee
3

Test is stopped
automatically

f test f mains

Measurement
results

Ratio

I prim
I sec

Vsec
V prim

CT Templates

> Accuracy Limiting Factor (ALF)

> ALF is calculated from
> Winding resistance
> Excitation
> Burden (nominal or operating)

> Automated assessment for the protection class

> Comprehensive CT Test Report (3-phase CT Test)

>
>
>
>
>

Polarity
Ratio
Burden
Winding Resistance
Excitation (Kneepoint)
> Table and Diagram

Power Transformer Diagnostics - Introduction

Abdulla Hakeem
abdulla.hakeem@omicron.at

18 March 2014

Transformer Breakdowns

Accessories

Vessel & Oil

Core

Bushing

Winding

Tap
Changer

Sources of faults in Transformers

Source: Cigre_WG 12-05 An international

survey on failures in large power
transformers in service, Electra No. 88, 1983

Insulation strength

Condition and Time based maintenance

New condition

Condition based maintenance

Diagnostic level
Time based maintenance
Operating stress

Time

Condition based maintenance

requires reliable diagnostic tools

Possible Impacts by lack of maintenance

Baseline data not recorded

Problems during warranty period not detected
OLTC contacts wear
Oil oxidation begins
Fan and Pump bearing wear
Visible effects of weathering and UV
Oil decay products affect paper insulation
Miss oportunity to intercept accelerated ageing
Oxidation and hydrolysis enters accelerated ageing state
OLTC and bushing failure rates increase
Dielectric withstand diminishes
Expensive failure (bushing, OLTC)

Life of the Transformer

Maintenance Intervals

Action

Task Interval
Light

Regular

Remark
Intensive

Visit

6m

1m

1d

In service

Detailed inspection
(visual)

1y

3m

2w

In service

DGA

2y

1y

3m

Task interval may

differ with monitoring

Oil Test

6y

2y

1y

Cooling system
cleaning

Conditional

Conditional

Any interval

Outage may be
required

Accessories
verification

12 y or
conditional

6-8 y

1-2 y

Outage required

Electrical basic
tests

Conditional

Conditional

Any interval

Outage required

Insulation tests (DF)

Conditional

6-8 y

2-4 y

Outage required

OLTC inspection

12 y

6-8 y

4y

Diagnostic Techniques
Type of Problem
Magnetic Circuit Integrity
Magnetic Circuit Insulation
Winding Geometry

Winding/Bushing/OLTC Continuity
Winding/Bushing Insulation
Winding Turn to Turn Insulation

Diagnostic Technique
Basic Electrical

Winding Ratio

Winding Resistance
Magnetisation Current

x
x

Capacitance and DF/PF

x
x

Leakage Reactance
x

Core Ground Test

Advanced Electrical

Insulation Resistance

Frequency Response of Stray Losses

Frequency Response Analysis

x
x

x
x

Polarisation/Depolarisation

Frequency Domain Spectroscopy

Recovery Voltage Method

Electrical Detection of PD

Acoustical detection of PD

UHF Detection of PD

Dissolved Gas Analysis

Overview: Transformer Measurements

> Turns Ratio + Exciting Current

> Winding Resistance (Dynamic and Static)

CPC 100

> Short Circuit Impedance (+FRSL)

> C & DF (Winding, Bushing and Oil sample)

CPC 100 + CP TD1

> Moisture Determination in liquid and solid insulation (DIRANA)

> Frequency Response Analysis (FRAnalyzer)
> Partial Discharge (MPD 600)

Power Transformer Testing

with CPC 100

Abdulla Hakeem
abdulla.hakeem@omicron.at

18 March 2014

Power Transformer Test Cards

Ratio and excitation current measurement: Motivation

> Detectable failures

> Shorted winding sections or turns
> Core faults (shorted laminations)

> Indication
> Tripping of the buchholz relays
> Incorrect DGA

> Comment
> Do not perform winding resistance tests before this test

TRRatio (per Tap): Setup

High voltage at the output!!

Do not perform the resistance measurement

before the Ratio test!

TRRatio (per Tap): Vector Group

1. Example: YNd5

Corresponding pairs
are in parallel!

w
W

2. Example: Dy5
V

w
U

Alternative: Look up the

connection in the User Manual.

No parallel pairs:
-> Shorten 2 terminals

TRRatio (per Tap): Test Card

nominal ratio (3-phase)

nominal ratio (1-phase)

Test Voltage

Options for
CP SB1

magnitude

phase

to Settings
(ratio table)

V prim
Vsec

Deviation from
nominal ratio (1-phase)

TRRatio (per Tap): Test Card Settings

CP SB1
Options
manage Taps

back to Main
Page
nominal voltage

Transformer Ratio: Template

TRRatio + Exciting Current: Interpretation

> TRRatio:
> meaurement is OK if 0,5 % from nominal ratio

> Exciting current:

> difference between the outer phases: +/- 5 %
> results of middle phase could be up to 30 % lower

Resistance Measurement: Motivation

> Detectable Failures

> Static resistance measurement
> Bad internal contacts (diverter switch and tap selector switch contacts, connection
clamps)
> Short circuits between conductors of a winding
> Damaged conductor (due to overheating, mechanical stress during fault)

> Dynamic Resistance measurement

> Bad, bouncing contacts in the OLTC
> Checks, if the OLTC is operating without interruption

> Indication
> High internal temperatures
> DGA

Resistance Measurement: Setup

C
N

c
n

RWinding: Current profile

R-displayed
Rmax

Dev.
Rmin

t = 10 s

Dev. Rmax Rmin

time

RWinding: Test Card

Test is stopped automatically if
Dev. < 0,1 %

Rmin

0,2mV

I test

Rmax

Measurement

Rmeas.

Actual deviation

VDC

I DC

Rref . Rmeas.

10V
I test

Main measuring
time

235 Tref .
235 Tmeas.

(IEC 60076-1)

OLTC Principle

Tap
Selector

Tap
Selector

Diverter
Switch

Diverter
Switch

Commutating
Resistors

R
A

1. Step:
Tap Selector changes
tap position

Commutating
Resistors

R
A

2. Step:
Diverter Switch moves
from A to B

Definition of Ripple and Slope

TR Tap Check: Test Card

choose Settings
to edit

Dynamic
Resistance

Measurement

to settings
smallest
deviation

Rref . Rmeas.

235 Tref .
235 Tmeas.

TR Tap Check: Test Card Settings

CP SB1
options

back to main
page

Transformer Tap Changer: Template

Winding Resistance, Ripple and Slope: Interpretation

> Maximum difference of 1 % to factory test report (values corrected to 75

C)
> Difference between phases < 3 %
> The behavior of ripple and slope of the 3 phases for up is similar

> The behavior of ripple and slope of the 3 phases for down is similar

Slope

Ripple

18,0%
16,0%
14,0%
12,0%
10,0%
8,0%
6,0%
4,0%
2,0%
0,0%
000

0,0A/s

A UP
A DOWN
B UP
B DOWN
C UP
C DOWN

005

010

015
Taps

020

025

030

-2,0A/s

A UP
A DOWN
B UP
B DOWN
C UP
C DOWN

-4,0A/s
-6,0A/s
-8,0A/s
-10,0A/s
-12,0A/s
000

005

010

015
Taps

020

025

030

CP SB1 Hardware

Transformer

CPC 100

Tests performed by CP SB1:

Ratio
Winding Resistance
OLTC test

CP SB1 Setup

Short Circuit Impedance Leakage Reactance + FRSL

A
V

Short Circuit
Impedance
Leakage Rectance

Transformer

FRSL

15

50

2 different measurements:

> Three-phase equivalent test (Short Circuit Impedance)

> Per phase test (For Winding Diagnosis)

400

Equivalent Circuit: Neglection of the core

L1

R1AC

R1DC

L2

Lm
n1:n2

R2AC

R2DC

RFe

Lm || RFe L2 R2 AC R2 DC
Core can be neglected!

L1

R1AC

R1DC

L2

R2AC

R2DC

Setup: Three-phase equivalent test

Measure all combinations:
H1-H2
H2-H3
H3-H1

Short-circuit all 3 phases

Use a big cross-section for low
resistance!!

Setup: Per phase test

Measure all 3 combinations according to ratio measurement!

Inject according to
Short-circuit only the
ratio measurement
corresponding terminals!
According to ratio measurement.

TR Short Circuit Impedance Leakage Reactance: CPC

Template
> TR Data: Comment Test Card
> Add Transformer Data for Comparison

> 3 Phase Test: Comment Test Card

> Connection Scheme for 3-phase test

> Zk AB, Zk BC and Zk AC: Sequencer Test Cards

> Test Cards for 3-phase tests

> Per-Phase Test: Comment Test Card

> Connection Scheme for per-phase test

> Zk A, Zk B and Zk C: Sequencer Test Cards

> Test Cards for per-phase test

> Version: Comment Test Card

TR Short Circuit Impedance Leakage Reactance: Excel

Template
> Calculation of Zk
> Comparison with data from 3-phase factory test with W-Meter
> Consideration wether Injection on HV- or LV-side
> Consideration of Vector Group

> Rk(f)
> 3 x three-phase equivalent test in one diagram
> 3 x per phase test in one diagram
> Deviation limits for Lk and Rk

> Lk(f)
> Same structure as Rk(f)

Interpretation: Short Circuit Impedance

> Measured value should not differ more than 2 % from factory value
> Difference between phases is usually less than 2 %

Interpretation: FRSL
yes

no

Reference results
available?

Comparison with
reference results
yes
L (%)

0 - 0,5

R (%)

and
0-5

0,5 1,0

> 1,0

or

or

5 - 10

> 10

yes

Comparison with
nameplate impedance
No FRSL diagnostic

0-1,5
and

R (%)

0 - 10

no

Transformer in its Tank?

Comparison between
phases

L (%)

no

3-Phase-Transformer?

Comparison between
phases

1,5 - 2,5
or
10 - 15
or
Rb > Ra or
Rb > Rc

> 2,5
or
> 15

L (%)

0-1,5
and

R (%)

0-5

1,5 - 2,5
or
5 -10

> 2,5
or
> 10

Case Study: FRSL (Description)

After gaz production and analysis which indicated a hot spot involving paper:
> Turns Ratio was correct
> Excitation current was normal
> DC resistance was normal

> Comparison between Short Circuit Impedances was normal (less than 3
%)

Case Study: FRSL (Assessment)

Primary Test Manager (PTM)

Abdulla Hakeem
abdulla.hakeem@omicron.at

18 March 2014

Transformer Test Types

1. DGA/Oil Screen
2. Standard Electrical Test
3. Advanced Diagnostic Test
4. SFRA

5. DFR
6. IR
Covered by the
Primary Test Manager (PTM)

7. Partial Discharge

109

Starting PTM

OMICRON

Page 110

Welcome Screen

Settings

Connected
Products

Workflow

OMICRON

Page 111

Settings

OMICRON

Page 112

Structure
Define a Location

Define a Transformer

Overview: All Locations,

Transformers, Jobs and
Reports

Execute a Measurement

OMICRON

Page 113

Define a Job

Create a Report

Location
1

New Transformer

OMICRON

Page 114

Transformer Data
Main Transformer
Data

Tap Changer
Data

Bushing
Data

Surge Arrester
Data

Must be
filled in

Settings for
Vector Group

OMICRON

Page 115

Tap Changer
OLTC or DETC

Located:
HV or LV
Tap
Scheme

No. of Taps
Calculation
of Tap
Voltage

OMICRON

Page 116

Job I
1
2

Kind of
Test

Selection
of Test:
On / Off

Test already
executed? Yes / No

Assessment:
Test Failed /
Passed

OMICRON

Page 117

Job II
> 1. Info (Administration Data)
>
>
>
>

Job Number
Tester
Date
etc.

> 2. Conditions
>
>
>
>

Weather
Humidity
Temperature
etc.

> 3. Tap Changer State

OMICRON

Page 118

Measurement
Available Tests

Red Flashing during

Operation

Test specific Data

OMICRON

Wiring Diagram

Note: Measurement has

to be started from the
CPC
Page 119

Report

Main Data

Measured
Data

Diagrams

OMICRON

Page 120

Advantages with PTM

> Intuitive user interface

> Better preparation of the tests

> Easy to enter Vector Group and Tap Changer data
> Bread Crumb Navigation

> Better administration of the measured data

> Fully automized generation of test reports

> Remote operation via PC

> Measurement is executed via the PC (Final Initialization from CPC)

> PTM offers connection diagrams

OMICRON

Page 121

Thank you for your attention!

Questions?
18 March 2014