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The fresh peeling yielded a volatile oil, a resin, and some reducing acids.

The resin is believed to be nontoxic and protective to the stomach against alcohol.
The outer skin of the fruit is rich in tannin.
From the seeds, two toxic and bitter substances and traces of an alkaloid.
The fruit pulp contains sucrose, saccharose, fructose and glucose.
Bark is astringent.
Study isolated a new tetranortriterpenoid (Source)
Study yielded five tetranoterpenoids, domesticulide A-E (1-5) from the seed. The seed extract
was rich in limonoids.
Yields triterpenoid lansiolides with antimalarial activity.
Source:http://stuartxchange.com/Lansones.html
Purifying used cooking oil
Sedimentation
Sedimentation is the separation of a dilute suspension of solid particles into supernatant liquid
and concentrated slurry. Examples of solid particles include steel, iron, calcium, lithium and
other types of wastes. However, gases like oxygen, neon, xenon and krypton cannot be separated
using sedimentation.
Source: http://www.ehow.com/about_5665222_sedimentation-methods.html
Different oils come from different sources which means it undergoes different process. There are
times when antioxidants are added to delay rancidity or spoilage. This study used sedimentation
method to purify used cooking oil. To aid the sedimentation method activated carbon and clay
soil was also used. Clay soil also known as heavy soil was used in the sedimentation method
since it absorbs and retains more components and substances. It also has poor drainage making it
possible to absorb the small particles found in the used oils. During the filtration process,
activated carbon was also used. To make activated carbon, manufacturers heat common charcoal
in the presence of a gas that causes the charcoal to develop lots of internal spaces or pores.
These pores help activated charcoal trap chemicals.
Source: https://prezi.com/hzwdn0f2yz3n/sedimentation-method-used-in-purifying-used-cookingoil/

Activated Carbon
The primary raw material used for activated carbon is any organic material with a high carbon
content (coal, wood, peat, coconut shells). Granular activated carbon media is most commonly
produced by grinding the raw material, adding a suitable binder to give it hardness, recompacting and crushing to the correct size.
The carbon-based material is converted to activated carbon by thermal decomposition in a
furnace using a controlled atmosphere and heat. The resultant product has an incredibly large
surface area per unit volume, and a network of submicroscopic pores where adsorption takes
place.
The walls of the pores provide the surface layer molecules essential for adsorption. Amazingly,
one pound of carbon (a quart container) provides a surface area equivalent to six football fields.
How Does Activated Carbon Work?
Physical adsorption is the primary means by which activated carbon works to remove
contaminants from water. Carbon's highly porous nature provides a large surface area for
contaminants (adsorbates) to collect. In simple terms, physical adsorption occurs because all
molecules exert attractive forces, especially molecules at the surface of a solid (pore walls of
carbon), and these surface molecules seek other molecules to adhere to.
The large internal surface area of carbon has many attractive forces that work to attract other
molecules. Thus, contaminants in water are adsorbed (or held) to the surface of carbon by surface
attractive forces similar to gravitational forces. Adsorption from solution occurs as a result of
differences in adsorbate concentration in the solution and in the carbon pores.
The adsorbate migrates from the solution through the pore channels to reach the area where the
strongest attractive forces are. With this understanding of how the adsorption process works, we
must then understand why it works, or why water contaminants become adsorbates. Water
contaminants adsorb because the attraction of the carbon surface for them is stronger than the
attractive forces that keep them dissolved in solution.
Those compounds that are more adsorbable onto activated carbon generally have a lower water
solubility, are organic (made up of carbon atoms), have a higher molecular weight and a neutral
or non-polar chemical nature. It should be pointed out that for water adsorbates to become
physically adsorbed onto activated carbon, they must be both dissolved in water and smaller than
the size of the carbon pore openings so that they can pass into the carbon pores and accumulate.
Besides physical adsorption, chemical reactions can occur on a carbon surface. One such
reaction is chlorine removal from water involving the chemical reaction of chlorine with carbon
to form chloride ions. This reaction is important to POU treatment because this conversion of
chlorine to chloride is the basis for the removal of some common objectionable tastes and odors

from drinking water. Water contaminants adsorb because the attraction of the carbon surface for
them is stronger than the attractive forces that keep them dissolved in solution.
Source:http://www.tigg.com/what-is-activated-carbon.html
Charcoal is carbon. Activated charcoal is charcoal that has been treated with oxygen to open
up millions of tiny pores between the carbon atoms. According to Encylopedia Britannica:
The use of special manufacturing techniques results in highly porous charcoals that have surface
areas of 300-2,000 square metres per gram. These so-called active, or activated, charcoals are
widely used to adsorb odorous or coloured substances from gases or liquids.
The word adsorb is important here. When a material adsorbs something, it attaches to it by
chemical attraction. The huge surface area of activated charcoal gives it countless bonding sites.
When certain chemicals pass next to the carbon surface, they attach to the surface and are
trapped.
Activated charcoal is good at trapping other carbon-based impurities ("organic" chemicals), as
well as things like chlorine. Many other chemicals are not attracted to carbon at all -- sodium,
nitrates, etc. -- so they pass right through. This means that an activated charcoal filter will
remove certain impurities while ignoring others. It also means that, once all of the bonding sites
are filled, an activated charcoal filter stops working. At that point you must replace the filter.

Source:http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/energy/question209.htm

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