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Appendix

Constants and Equations used to calculate values in following tables:


0.99 kg
water =
L
Cp=

4.18 kJ
kg K

A 4 pass=0.24 m2
A single pass=0.13 m2

T lm =

T 2 T 1
T2
ln (
)
T1

q=V C p T lm=UAF T lm
s T t
T
T
T t out t

Y =

p )tube ( m)
tube
( mC
=
Z= ( mC
p )shell ( m)
shell
Simplification of Z may be used as heat capacity of water within used temperatures does not vary
75.501 J
noticeably. Highest observed temperature of T= 60.9 gives C p = mol K and lowest
observed temperature of T= 12.9

75.400 J
gives C p = mol K . The percent change between the

two is less than 0.5%, so there is minimal affect on calculation of Z.


The correction factor F was determined using Figure A.1 based on the calculated Z and Y.
Figure A.1 Correction Factor for Heat Exchanger1

Table A.1 Co-Current Single Pass Heat Exchanger Collection Data and Calculations
T lm
VHot
VCold
THot in
THot out TCold in
TCold out
QHot
QCold
Qavg
U
(kj/min)
(kj/min)
(kj/min)
(L/min (L/min (C)
(C)
(C)
(C)
(W/m2*K)
(C)
)
)
1
0.6
58.3
45.1
13.6
38.6
19.8
-54.6
62.3
58.5
378.6
1
1
58.2
40.1
13.7
33
20.3
-74.9
80.2
77.5
488.1
1
1.4
55.6
34.7
12.9
28
19.4
-86.4
87.9
87.2
575.1
1.4
0.6
50.9
43.2
13.2
37.6
16.8
-44.6
60.8
52.7
401.7
1.4
1
51.8
39.8
12.9
32.7
18.6
-69.5
82.3
75.9
520.7
1.4
1.4
55.9
39.8
12.9
30.9
21.6
-93.2
104.8
99.0
586.5
Table A.2 Counter-Current Single Pass Heat Exchanger Collection Data and Calculations
T lm
VHot
VCold
THot in
THot out TCold in
TCold out
QHot
QCold
Qavg
U
(kj/min) (kj/min)
(kj/min)
(L/min (L/min (C)
(C)
(C)
(C)
(W/m2*K)
(C)
)
)
0.6
0.6
53.7
34.7
13.6
32.1
21.3
-47.1
46.1
46.6
280.2
0.6
1
56
32.6
13.4
31.1
21.9
-58.1
73.6
65.8
385.0
0.6
1.4
57.6
29
13.1
27.6
22.2
-71.0
84.4
77.7
448.6
1
0.6
58
44.3
13.9
44.9
20.5
-56.6
77.3
67.0
418.1
1
1
59
39.2
13.4
38.2
23.2
-81.9
103.1
92.5
511.1
1
1.4
59.2
35.8
13.1
31.6
25.0
-96.8
107.7
102.2
523.0
1.4
0.6
51.9
42.8
14.1
42.1
17.5
-52.7
69.8
61.2
446.7
1.4
1
50.9
38
13.5
35.2
19.7
-74.7
90.2
82.4
534.8
1.4
1.4
51.1
35.4
13
31.2
21.1
-90.9
105.9
98.4
597.5

Table A.3 Hot Tube Side 4-Pass Heat Exchanger Collection Data and Calculations
T lm QHot
VHot
VCold
THot in THot out TCold in TCold out
QCold
Qavg
Y
Z
F
U
(kj/min) (kj/min) (kj/min)
(L/min (L/min (C) (C)
(C)
(C)
(W/m2*K)
(C)
)
)
1
0.6 54.6
39
14.5
38.6 19.9
-64.5
60.1
62.3 0.38 1.67 0.84
256.7
1
1
55
34.9
13.7
33.6 21.2
-83.1
82.7
82.9 0.48 1.00 0.82
327.8
1
1.4
55
32.2
13.5
29.4 21.9
-94.3
92.5
93.4 0.54 0.71 0.88
333.6
1.4
0.6 51.5
41.4
13.9
39.5 18.6
-58.5
63.8
61.1 0.26 2.33 0.95
237.8
1.4
1 54.6
39.4
13.6
35.7 22.1
-88.0
91.9
89.9 0.37 1.40 0.93
301.1
1.4
1.4 55.3
37
13.4
32.2 23.3
-106.0
109.4
107.7 0.43 1.00 0.92
346.1
Table A.4 Hot Shell Side 4-Pass Heat Exchanger Collection Data and Calculations
T lm QHot
VHot
VCold
THot in THot out TCold in TCold out
QCold
Qavg
Y
Z
F
U
(kj/min)
(kj/min)
(kj/min)
(L/min (L/min (C)
(C)
(C)
(C)
(W/m2*K)
(C)
)
)
0.6
0.6
60.3
41.7
16.9
37.4 23.8
-46.1
51.1
48.6 0.47 1.00 0.84
167.7
0.6
1
60.9
37.7
16.1
31.7 25.2
-57.6
64.8
61.2 0.34 1.67 0.89
188.3
0.6
1.4
60.5
34.4
15.4
28.4 24.9
-64.8
75.6
70.2 0.28 2.33 0.95
204.2
1
0.6
58.6
43.1
14.6
41.4 22.3
-64.1
66.8
65.5 0.60 0.60 0.84
240.5
1
1
60.1
39.6
14.6
36.1 24.4
-84.8
89.4
87.1 0.47 1.00 0.86
285.4
1
1.4
60.6
37.8
14.8
32.6 25.4
-94.3
103.6
98.9 0.38 1.40 0.87
308.9
1.4
0.6
55
43.9
14.6
41.7 20.2
-64.3
67.6
65.9 0.67 0.42 0.85
264.3
1.4
1
54.4
39.6
13.9
36 21.8
-85.7
91.9
88.8 0.54 0.71 0.86
326.2
1.4
1.4
54.3
36.9
13.7
32.4 22.5
-100.8
108.8
104.8 0.46 1.00 0.90
356.6

Table A.5 Temperature Reading of Thermocouple in Known Temperature Conditions


Trial 1
Trial 2

Submerged in Boiling Water (C)


98.8
98.7

Submerged in Ice Water (C)


0.4
0.4

Contributions
Patrick Carey: Results & Calibration, References, Appendices
Robbie Epps:
Thomas Aiman:
Barry Linden:

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