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Diploma Programme

Mathematics SL formula booklet


For use during the course and in the examinations
First examinations 2014

Published March 2012


International Baccalaureate Organization 2012

Mathematical studies SL: Formula booklet

5045

Contents
Prior learning

Topics

Topic 1Algebra

Topic 2Functions and equations

Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry

Topic 4Vectors

Topic 5Statistics and probability

Topic 6Calculus

Mathematics SL formula booklet

Formulae

Prior learning
Area of a parallelogram
Area of a triangle

Area of a trapezium

A b h

1
(b h)
2

1
( a b) h
2

Area of a circle

r2

Circumference of a circle

2 r

1
(area of base
3

Volume of a cuboid (rectangular prism)

l w h

Volume of a cylinder

Area of the curved surface of a cylinder

A 2 rh

Volume of a pyramid

Volume of a sphere

Volume of a cone

Distance between two points ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and


( x2 , y2 , z2 )
Coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment
with endpoints ( x1 , y1 , z1 ) and ( x2 , y2 , z2 )

Mathematics SL formula booklet

vertical height)

r 2h

4 3
r
3

1 2
r h
3

( x1

x1
2

x2 ) 2

x2 y1
,

y2 ) 2

( y1

y2 z1
,

( z1

z2 ) 2

z2
2

Topics

Topic 1Algebra
1.1

1.2

The nth term of an


arithmetic sequence

un

u1 (n 1)d

The sum of n terms of an


arithmetic sequence

Sn

n
(2u1 (n 1)d )
2

The nth term of a


geometric sequence

un

u1r n

The sum of n terms of a


finite geometric sequence

Sn

u1 (r n 1)
r 1

The sum of an infinite


geometric sequence

Exponents and logarithms

ax

Laws of logarithms

log c a log c b log c ab


a
log c a log c b log c
b
log c a r r log c a

Change of base

1.3

Binomial coefficient

Binomial theorem

Mathematics SL formula booklet

u1
1 r

, r

u1 (1 r n )
, r 1
1 r
1

x log a b

log c a
log c b

log b a

n
r

n
(u1 un )
2

n!
r! n r !

( a b) n

an

n n1
a b
1

n nr r
a b
r

bn

Topic 2Functions and equations


2.4

Axis of symmetry of
graph of a quadratic
function

f ( x) ax 2

bx c

2.6

Relationships between
logarithmic and
exponential functions

a x e x ln a
log a a x x

a loga x

Solutions of a quadratic
equation

ax 2

2.7

Discriminant

bx c 0
b2

b
2a

axis of symmetry x

b 2 4ac
, a
2a

4ac

Topic 3Circular functions and trigonometry


3.1

Length of an arc
Area of a sector

1 2
r
2 T

3.2

Trigonometric identity

3.3

Pythagorean identity

cos 2

sin 2

Double angle formulae

sin 2

2sin cos

cos 2

cos 2

c2

b2

3.6

Cosine rule
Sine rule
Area of a triangle

Mathematics SL formula booklet

sin
cos

tan

a2

a
sin A
A

b
sin B

sin 2

2cos 2

2ab cos C ; cos C

1 1 2 si n 2
a2

b2 c2
2ab

c
sin C

1
ab sin C
2

Topic 4Vectors
4.1

Magnitude of a vector

4.2

Scalar product

4.3

v12

v2 2

v32

v w

v w cos

v w

v1w1 v2 w2

Angle between two


vectors

cos

Vector equation of a line

r = a + tb

v3 w3

v w
v w

Topic 5Statistics and probability


5.2

Mean of a set of data

fi xi
i 1
n

fi
i 1

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

Probability of an event A

P( A)

n( A)
n(U )

Complementary events

P( A) P( A ) 1

Combined events

P( A

B ) P( A) P( B ) P( A

Mutually exclusive events

P( A

B ) P( A) P( B )

Conditional probability

P(A

B ) P(A) P(B | A)

Independent events

P( A

B ) P( A) P( B )

Expected value of a discrete E( X )


random variable X
Binomial distribution

X ~ B(n, p )

x P( X

x)

P( X

Mean

E( X ) np

Variance

Var( X ) np (1 p )

Standardized normal
variable

Mathematics SL formula booklet

B)

r)

n r
p (1 p ) n r , r
r

0,1,

,n

Topic 6Calculus
6.1

6.2

Derivative of f ( x)

dy
dx

f ( x)

xn

f ( x) nx n

f ( x)

Derivative of sin x

f ( x) sin x

f ( x) cos x

Derivative of cos x

f ( x) cos x

f ( x)

sin x

f ( x)

f ( x)

1
cos 2 x

Derivative of e x
Derivative of ln x
Chain rule
Product rule

tan x

f ( x) e x

f ( x)

g (u ) , u

dy
dx

Quotient rule
u
v

dy
dx

Standard integrals

dy
dx
dv
dx

du
dx

du
dx

dv
dx

u
v

dy
du

du
dx

v2

xn 1
C, n
n 1

x n dx

1
x

f ( x)

y uv

f ( x)

f ( x) e x

f ( x) ln x
y

f ( x h)
h

Derivative of x n

Derivative of tan x

6.4

f ( x) lim

1
dx ln x C , x 0
x
sin x dx

cos x C

cos x dx sin x C
e x dx e x

6.5

Area under a curve


between x = a and x = b

Volume of revolution
V
about the x-axis from x = a
to x = b
6.6

Total distance travelled


from t1 to t 2

Mathematics SL formula booklet

b
a

y dx

b
a

distance

y2 x

t2
t1

v(t ) dt

Mathematics SL formula booklet

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