Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
www.franceterme.culture.fr
http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/dglf/
Virology is the study of viruses.
Viruses are (virus IS A) complexes of nucleic acids and proteins that have the capacity for replication in
animal, plant and bacterial cells.
The virion IS A mature virus particle.
Viruses come in two basic types
those that have a genome of DNA
Viruses consist of a nucleic acid (either DNA or RNA) associated with proteins encoded by the nucleic acid.
The virus may also have a lipid bilayer membrane (OR envelope => SYNONYMY) but this is acquired from
the host cell, usually by budding through a host cell membrane.
COMPOSITION
virus
nucleic acid
DNA
structural proteins
(enzymes?)
RNA
Many viruses encode a few structural proteins (those that make up the mature virus particle (or virion)) and
perhaps an enzyme that participates in the replication of the viral genome.
Viruses infect all major groups of organisms: vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, fungi, bacteria but some
viruses have a broader host range than others.
Viruses range in size from less than 100 nanometers in diameter to several hundred nanometers in length in
the case of the filoviridae.
STRUCTURE
virus
nucleocapsid
acid genome
(DNA/RNA)
+ / - envelope
Protective protein
coat
All viruses contain a nucleic acid genome (RNA or DNA) and a protective protein coat (called the capsid).
The nucleic acid genome plus the protective protein coat is called the nucleocapsid which may have
icosahedral, helical or complex symmetry. Viruses may or may not have an envelope.
An icosahedron is a Platonic solid with twenty faces (figure 3A) and 5:3:2 rotational symmetry.
The nucleic acid is packaged inside the capsid shell and protected from the environment by the capsid.
virus
naked
icosahedral
naked
helical
enveloped
icosahedral
enveloped
helical
complex
nucleic acid
RNA or DNA
single-stranded
or doublestranded
non-segmented
or segmented
linear or circular
Nucleic acid
RNA or DNA
single-stranded or double-stranded
non-segmented or segmented
linear or circular
if genome is single stranded RNA, can it function as mRNA?
whether genome is diploid (such as in retroviruses)
Virion structure
symmetry (icosahedral, helical, complex)
enveloped or not enveloped
number of capsomers
Romana
Virusul este o particul submicroscopic, care este format dintr-o teac, sau nveli cu rol de protecie de
natur proteic, numit capsid i un material genetic. Materialul genetic poate s fie ADN, fie ARN.
Capsida este nveliul proteic al miezului unui virus cu rol de protecie i atasarea virusului de celule int ,
care se dezvolt din uniti proteice numite protomeri, protejnd astfel acizii nucleici din miezul viral de
aciunea distrugtoare a enzimelor care se gsesc n fluidele fiziologice.
Nucleocapsida este formata din capsida si acidul nucleic viral. Acidul nucleic este nconjurat de capsomere
(numrul, forma i dimensiunea sunt determinate genetic) , apoi capsid i nveliul peplos format din
anvelopa i nveli extern.
Acidul dezoxiribonucleic are o structur de dublu helix
Din punct de vedere chimic, virusurile sunt constituite din nucleoproteide. La un nalt grad de
puritate ele pot cristaliza.
La virusul herpesului capsida este prevzut cu prelungiri proteinice (capsomeri) care acoper toat
suprafaa virionului.
http://www.stiintasitehnica.ro/index.php?menu=8&id=551
ADN-ul are o structura de dubla elice celebra structura pusa n evidenta de Watson si Crick si pentru care
cei doi, mpreuna cu Maurice Wilkins au luat si ei Premiul Nobel n 1962. De cele mai multe ori aceasta
structura este desemnata sub numele de double stranded, am putea spune, cu doua filamente. Spre
deosebire de ADN, ARN-ul are o structura one stranded cu un singur filament.
nveli proteic
http://www.justmed.eu/files/ppt/Curs%2012%20AMG%20-%20%20Virusologie.%20Caractere
%20generale.ppt
Nucleocapsida constituit din:
miez (core) de acid nucleic care este, de fapt, genomul viral, protejat de un nveli proteic numit capsid
Structura
Virusurile formate numai din nucleocapsid se numesc virusuri neanvelopate.
Virusurile care prezint pe lng nucleocapsid i un nveli extern lipoproteic derivat din sistemul
membranar al celulei gazd (peplos sau anvelop), se numesc virusuri anvelopate.
Genomul viral