Name: Adriana Anuşca

E-mail: adrianaa33@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Women Characters in Ernest Hemingway's Work

Abstract:
Ernest Hemingway wrote short stories that reflected his societal view of women. Women
and love followed Hemingway throughout his writing career as well as his private life.
Women - beginning with his mother and continuing with the other women in his life –
inspired him to create dominant female figures, even though he mostly portrayed them in
negative ways. It is well known that Hemingway had a passion for women but he couldn't
keep this passion for long. Actually, his own childhood background was at the origin of
his view of women and other people.

Name: Anamaria Clara Asztalos

E-mail: anneclarissamarie@gmail.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Gender Communication in the Workplace

Abstract:
Never before in history have men and women worked so closely together. People often
claim that gender differences are not a major factor in stress and lost productivity at their
company. Yet, men and women differ in both non-verbal communication and ways of
reacting to stress, they have different primary needs and tend to lead in different manners.
The aim of this paper, therefore, is to investigate basic ways in which men and women
differ at work and their respective communication styles. Thereby, it also seeks to give an
answer to the often-posed question: Can we end the workplace war between the sexes?

Name: Cristina Bădescu

E-mail: xtina_badescu@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: The Amish People
Abstract:

In my presentation, I would like to talk about a strange group of people, the Amish. They
live near Pennsylvania and their way of living is extremely different from ours. I find
very interesting their life-style, clothing, customs and also their appearance. My paper
will highlight some of the differences between us and them; I would also like to point out
that even if they may seem to be strange, they enjoy living in their community.
Name: Elena Bâldea
E-mail: ninive21@hotmail.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Crossing History`s Borders: Medieval Romance in Television and Film
Adaptations at the Beginning of the 21st Century

Abstract:
This paper proposes to explore the fantastic ways in which the 21st century television and
film adaptations engage with European Medieval Romance. I will outline some
characteristics of the medieval romance, then highlight the main features of the Hero-
Knight. In the second half of my paper I will discuss the manner in which contemporary
films draw on, or otherwise engage with, the medieval romance structure.

Name: Armanda Birtalan

E-mail: armanda_ramona@yahoo.com
Affiliation: Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu
Title: The Crisis of Representation in the (Hyper)Landscape of Postmodernist Fiction

Abstract:
Starting out from Baudelaire’s concept of the ‘hyper-real’, the present paper introduces
the terms ‘hyper-fiction’ or ‘hyper-art’ connecting them to the major features of
postmodernism (such as metafiction, or self-refexivity). Furthermore, our analysis will
focus on Julian Barnes and his fiction as a case study meant to shed light on the above
mentioned theoretical concepts. In order to properly assess Barnes’ theoretical legacy, we
will also resort to other relevant examples of postmodernist fiction, focusing among other
prominent names on writers such as John Fowles or Samuel Becket.

Name: Miruna Ciocoi-Pop

E-mail: miruna_ciocoipop@yahoo.com
Affiliation: Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu
Title: The Literary and Social Impact of John Galsworthy’s Major Plays

Abstract:
John Galsworthy’s plays had a major impact on his society: he touched upon delicate
social issues, campaigned for prison reform (a success, because prison laws and
administration were changed, based on his works), stood up against censorship and, most
importantly, he acutely criticized the upper-middle class society of his time (which he, as
an aristocrat, was part of!). In my paper I will try to reiterate the importance of John
Galsworthy- the playwright; to touch upon the complexity of his plays and their social
impact; to underline Galsworthy’s significance as a philanthropist. Moreover, I will try to
illustrate how much of an impact his plays have upon our society nowadays and if today
his plays are still as appreciated as back in the 19th century.
Name: Andreea Camelia Ciora
E-mail: engel19hd@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Terminology Issues in the Process of Translation

Abstract:
This paper deals with the difficulties encountered by a translator when faced with
translating a business, accounting, or financial document. Besides the grammar rules,
collocation rules and other rules one has to follow in any case, a translator has to deal
with another problem: terminology. How can one be sure that a certain economic term
from the source language has the same equivalence in the target language? How can one
be sure one has to deal with terms and not words? It is very important to correctly
translate these terms, but in order to do this, one has to be familiar with these terms, both
in the source language and in the target language.

Name: Teodora Cindrea

E-mail: teo_honey@yahoo.com
Affiliation: Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu
Title: The Best British Contemporary Novelist and His Most Successful Work: Ian
McEwan and His “Atonement”

Abstract:
Ian McEwan is one of the most important contemporary British writers. His works have
brought about a personal touch, which transpires in his writing style, techniques and
motifs. The originality specific to each of his novels and short stories has earned him not
only worldwide critical acclaim and prestigious awards, but also a significant number of
readers. Some of his best pieces of writing have been screened, offering the public a
better visual image of McEwan’s writings. He not only wrote novels and short stories, but
also screenplays, children’s fiction, an oratorio, a play and a libretto. The present paper
focuses on “Atonement”, possibly the best known and the most important of Ian
McEwan’s novels. It appeared at the dawn of the 20th century (2001) and it is set before
and during the Second World War, with a conclusion that brings the action almost to
contemporary times, more precisely to the year 1999. The main character is Briony, at
first a 13-year old girl with a rich imagination a penchant for writing, who turns into a
young nurse who abandons her studies and her family to work in a hospital during the
war. In the end, she is an old and accomplished writer, who has written a novel about the
greatest mistake she has ever done, in order to try to achieve atonement. The plot and the
whole construction of the book are highly surprising. “Atonement” is not only McEwan’s
most successful novel, but also the most successful film made after one of his writings.
Name: Andreea Cireap, Adriana Martiniuc, Mia Fitero
E-mail: andreea_cireap@yahoo.com
Affiliation: Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca
Title: The impact of the DGT’s educational programmes on future translators

Abstract:
The Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission has developed
several programmes for collaboration with schools and universities, among which the
Visiting Translator Scheme. This programme brings a wide range of benefits both for
students, teachers and even the EU. The Department of Applied Modern Languages
within the Babeş-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca had the privilege to receive a DGT
visiting translator in 2006 and 2009. Besides holding conferences and teaching translation
techniques, the visitor contributed to raising awareness on career prospects and
developing required skills for EU institutions. This presentation offers an overview of the
DGT's programmes in training future translators, with an emphasis on the Visiting
Translator Scheme as experienced by the students in the European Master’s in
Translation Studies and Terminology. Conclusions illustrate the students` shift of
perspective regarding the entire translation process.

Name: Iulia Nicoleta Ciubucana

E-mail: iulia_summer@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: How to Overcome Barriers in Business Communication: A Short Guide to
Effective Communication for Team Managers

Abstract:
Communication has always been an important factor standing at the basis of a well-
developed society, but also at the basis of successful business relationships. It is essential
for team managers to have excellent communicative skills in order to influence the
others, to change their attitudes and actions and to produce favourable results at the
workplace. In order to become a good manager one has to develop efficient speaking,
listening, and writing skills. This paper aims to demonstrate that using assertiveness in all
business environments, making elaborate requests, writing clear and concise business
letters, and taking into account cultural differences at the workplace are a highly
important factors leading to a profitable management.

Name: Adina Curta

E-mail: adina.curta@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Adam Pollo Is Pink
Abstract:
Adam Pollo is Jean Marie Le Clezio’s first character, and appeared in the novel The
Interrogation (Le Proces Verbal) in 1963. He is a rather peculiar figure, given his strange
behaviour, his sickness with solitude and all his anxieties. These being clear effects of the
Second World War, they are also characteristic features of most arts, initiating the
surrealistic wave, starting in the 60s. They can all be gathered in a great paradigm of war,
that we encounter in other branches of Art, apart from literature. As an example to
support this thesis, I state that there are clear resemblances between passages of Le
Clezio’s writing and Pink Floyd’s music and cinematography. This idea is developed in
an analysis of two similar images of the hallucinatory deliriums of two separate
characters, which communicate the same message in different codes. One can consider
the paradigm of war as a serious influence on the surrealistic arts of the second half of the
20th century.

Name: Ligia Cîmpian

E-mail: ligia.cimpian@yahoo.com
Affiliation: Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu
Title: John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men

Abstract:
In the paper I want to focus my attention on this novel giving some information
especially on the theme, characters and the period in which the novel was written. "Of
Mice and Men" is a skillful novel, which deals with the theme of `outsiders', that is,
individuals who do not fit into the mainstream of society. The novel portrays this idea of
loneliness throughout John Steinbeck's stimulating and exciting novel. There are several
clearly identified themes running through the novel. The loyalty and friendship which
exists between two men, George and Lennie, and the hostile environment of America
during the American Depression. But, the main two themes of `Of Mice and Men' were
loneliness and prejudice. Steinbeck raises questions in the mind of the reader that the
novel would be based on loneliness. The first line read "A few miles south of Soledad".
This is a clever idea by Steinbeck as "Soledad" means loneliness in Spanish. The title "Of
Mice and Men" may be seen as a warning for the whole novel as it came from Robbie
Burns's poem "To a Mouse" which translates as `no matter how well we plan the future,
things often go wrong'. Steinbeck also portrays loneliness through characterisation. He
uses sexism, racism and ageism to get his message across.

Name: Adriana Carina Duban

E-mail: carina_beba@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Culture, Business and Communication in Turkey. The Spirit of the Streets

Abstract:
The present paper aims to offer an in-depth analysis of the Turkish life, culture, business
and communication. It is the result of an experience I had in Kusadasi and Istanbul at the
end of 2008 and in Antalya in 2009, as a tourist in Turkey. It represents a description of a
part of the world that can be considered neither a Western nor an Eastern society, but a
mixture between tradition and innovation, old and new, Europe and Asia. We undertake
through the present study to partially decipher the Turkish code of hospitality, charm,
religion, customs, way of doing ‘business’, and art of bargaining, as well as the way in
which the Turkish culture reflects the real spirit of difference. In the end, the
tourist/traveller will be fascinated by the Muslim beauty.

Name: Elena Ginghina

E-mail: elena_ginghina@yahoo.com
Affiliation: Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu
Title: D. H. Lawrence and Women

Abstract:
In my presentation I am going to stress the fact that Lawrence was a very controversial
novelist because of his different approach to female characters. There are two female
typologies that Lawrence designed in his novels: the overprotecting mother and the lover.
The difference in describing the female characters lies in the fact that Lawrence does not
only show women’s physical appearance but also tries to put the “femininity” in the
shadow revealing and celebrating woman’s relationship with man. In the relationship
with the mother we may notice the Oedipus effect, where the son is almost in love with
her mother, like in the novel “Sons and Lovers” and cannot handle a relationship with
another girl because the two female images will clash as they meet inside his soul. What
the relationship between the lovers is concerned Lawrence underlined the fact that the
man should come from the Infinite and the woman should hail him. Moreover, in his
novels male and female are bound together by a sensual and sexual love they cannot
control. Lawrence described women in terms of sexuality thus his works were regarded
with mistrust during his time and he became the most controversial writer from the 20th
century English literature. Not only did he unfold the soul of a woman but he also had the
courage to take off the “blanket of pureness” and to reveal the secrets of relationships.

Name: Roxana Elena Ghiţă

E-mail: roxana.elena.gh@gmail.com
Affiliation: University of the West, Timişoara
Title: Expressing Trauma through Images in Jonathan Safran Foer’s Extremely Loud and
Incredibly Close

Abstract:
The novel tackles one of the major historical and personal traumas of the 21 st century,
the terrorist attacks at 9/11, as experienced by a precocious nine-year-old Jewish boy,
Oskar, who lost his father during the attack and who wants to find out the truth about his
death. One of the central themes of the novel is the inaccessibility of one’s own traumatic
past, particularly the failure of language to express traumatic experiences and reconstruct
this past. People exposed to trauma experience “speechless terror” and this cannot be
expressed at a linguistic level, but it is stored in memory in the form of icons and images.
Safran Foer’s work takes to the extreme an obsession with pictures, reproducing images
that are imprinted in Oskar’s mind during the traumatic events following his father’s
death. Moreover, the author uses the whole bag of tricks from Tristram Shandy, enriched
by the 21st century printing technology.

Name: Elena Cristina Groza

E-mail: english_teach07@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Highlights and Challenges of the 20th Century Literature

Abstract:
In my paper, I will first present some general aspects concerning the social and cultural
context of the 20th century literature, the science and technology, the philosophy and the
literature of the century. I will go on to discuss the characteristics of the fiction, drama
and poetry of the 20th century. I will make reference to a few of the most important
writers of the century: Thomas Mann and James Joyce (for fiction), George Bernard
Shaw and Eugene O’Neill (for drama), and Thomas Stearns Eliot (for poetry). In the
concluding section of my paper I will try to highlight in an original manner some of the
distinctive features of the literature produced by each of the writers mentioned above.

Name: Sára Hatházi, Cristina Popa, Gábor Fekete

E-mail:
Affiliation: Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca
Title: Clichés in Advertising and Socio-cultural Conclusions. Examples from the German
and Romanian Print Media

Abstract:
The presentation elicits conclusions based on a contrastive analysis of advertisements
published in the Romanian and German print media. The scope of the research was to
identify clichés and recurring culture-specific elements, which make cultural differences
even more explicit. Specific aspects were focused on reflecting issues of national
mentality: the image of women in advertisements, food, weight loss products and cars.
The examples constitute a relatively restricted sample of the large variety of
advertisements; nevertheless, they have a representative value.
Name: Cristina Kallai
E-mail: christine_hd_boss@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Wasteland in William Faulkner

Abstract:
Novels such as ”Absalom, Absalom!” and “ The Sound and the Fury” explore important
themes of the social and moral decay of the Southern American society and its values.
Faulkner explored this idea through numerous themes such as miscegenation, decayed
South, embarrassed sons and vicious daughters. “Absalom, Absalom!” is one of his
novels which render these themes particularly clearly. The author resorts to such
deconstructive elements as: time shifts, broken narrative voices, multiple narrators --
narrative techniques which have made his fiction highly challengeable. Much of his
fictional output centres on an imaginary region of the South, which he called
Yoknapatwapha County. Faulkner also contributed to the modern version of the literary
genre called the 'Southern Gothic' - stories which often feature grotesque scenes, violence
and horror, distorted characters, melodrama, and sensationalism. He was awarded the
Nobel Prize for Literature in 1949, but rather like his famous contemporary Ernest
Hemingway, his reputation seems not to be wearing too well with time.

Name: Cristina Andreea Mihăiţă

E-mail: mcris_hd@yahoo.com
Affiliation: Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu
Title: The Portrayal of Childhood in "The Mill on the Floss" by George Eliot. Brother-
Sister Relationships as Pictured by Eliot

Abstract:
The present paper focuses on George Eliot’s novel “The Mill on the Floss”, aiming to
shed light on the problem of the fictional portrayal of childhood: the main aim of this
analysis will be the brother-sister relationship. George Eliot offers an entirely new view
upon the subject, our critical endeavor trying to establish the exact nature of this novelty.
We will also focus on some important and explicit statements made by critics of the
novel. Many aspects of the relationship between Maggie and Tom are to be discovered in
the relationship between George Eliot and her brother. We will also try to render a brief
description of the personalities of the two children in order to better understand their
emotional reactions and decisions.

Name: Claudiu Moga

E-mail: bruisepristine2@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Best Supporting Cinema – A History of Subtle Discrimination
Abstract:
The paper focuses on a rather subtle aspect related to the history of Hollywood cinema,
that is the role that African-American artists played in this world in the twentieth century
and how the situation has changed or remained the same at the beginning of the 21st
century. By naming some of the important African-American actors and directors active
in the history of Hollywood we will see how mainstream films are dominated more by a
politically correct policy than by real interest in depicting valid issues regarding the
people belonging to minority ethnic groups.

Name: Mirela Mohan, Alexandra Melak, Edina Zekany

E-mail:
Affiliation: Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca
Title: The end of Tradutech. Designing improved project scenarios to address Bologna
master's students' competence potential

Abstract:
The purpose of this presentation is to propose a new perspective on translation simulation
exercises, focusing on the case of Tradutech, as used at the Department of Applied
Modern Language, Babeş-Bolyai University in Cluj-Napoca. Tradutech is a real life
translations simulation exercise which helps students in translation studies to become
familiar with the requirements and working conditions found on the market. The project
was adopted by several universities, and throughout the years the original formula of
Tradutech suffered several changes. Our presentation showcases a new model for
Tradutech, one that can better benefit an increasing number of students at Master’s level
as promoted by Bologna policy. Having participated in two sessions of Tradutech, we
used our experience to improve, expand and confer an interdisciplinary character to the
traditional version of the project. Our version of Tradutech comprises a different task
distribution model, new activities and the involvement of both first and second year
master students and 3rd year BA students. The improved Tradutech is much more market-
oriented than the previous version and will attempt to help the participants expand, polish
and adapt their skills to market requirements.

Name: Ariana Muşuţan

E-mail: arianamusutan@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: The “Messenger Generation” and Its Impact on Language

Abstract:
We are living in a world that is becoming, with every passing day, more and more
dependent on computers, the Internet, communication and so on. Concerning the
Messenger we can talk about a “messenger language” which is in full progress. Quite
obviously, the opinions regarding the "IM" subject are fairly diverse. Which will be the
future of this nascent language? It is pretty hard to tell, but we will probably have an
answer soon enough, considering the fact that the current "messenger generation" is about
to become adult.

Name: Alina Orăşan

E-mail: orasanalina@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Intercultural Competence – the Key to International Business Success

Abstract:
This paper discusses the importance of intercultural competence in the field of business
communication. The emphasis is set on the blunders a defective and unsuccessful
communication brings to the relationships established among culturally different entities,
due to their lack of intercultural awareness. Another area which this paper takes into
consideration refers to the importance of extralinguistic patterns of communication. Some
types of this particular way of communicating are described and exemplified, and their
usage in different parts of the word compared.

Name: Alex Radu

E-mail: alex.radu@hotmail.com
Affiliation: Lucian Blaga University, Sibiu
Title: Fictional Truth in J. M. Coetzee’s Summertime

Abstract:
The present paper focuses on the final instalment of J. M. Coetzee’s fictionalised memoir,
Summertime, and is an analysis undertaken from the point of view of the challenges it
poses at the reading level, which are ultimately vital to be met in order to accurately
grasp the meaning of the book. The differences between the facts the author reveals about
himself in the memoir and what is actually known from his public biography represents
our starting point of analysis. In fact, these so-called inaccuracies lead to an existential
ambiguity which cannot be clarified without focusing on the literary techniques used by
Coetzee. In addition, all the information provided by the characters in the book has a
great impact on the reader and it questions Coetzee’s capability of adapting to society.
Last but not least, all these challenges and techniques are essential contributing factors in
creating a parallel and fictional universe within which the reader is astonished
permanently.

Name: Costinela Rolea

E-mail: bloomocean@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: About Being Culturally Savvy or Italy between “Ciao!” and “Arrivederci!”

Abstract:
Over the years, many of us have been confronted at least with one situation of a so-called
cultural misunderstanding, no matter if it referred to business etiquette, table manners or
greeting customs. Multicultural communication is a matter of interdependency: knowing
how and why to act in a certain way may affect our relationships and the way we are
perceived by the others. The 21st century is an era in which human relationships tend to
expand more and more, in which distance and boundaries are defeated by technological
innovations; it is an age of globalization and integration of the part in the whole. The aim
of our paper is that of offering a set of guidelines regarding the Italian culture and the
customs, traditions and etiquette that can serve as points of reference in an intercultural
environment.

Name: Daciana Roşca

E-mail: amethistgirl27@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Interracial Relationships in E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India

Abstract:
My paper is about interracial relationships in A Passage to India. I began my paper by
explaining the term postcolonialism and its implications in literature. Then, I highlighted
some essential problems posed by the phenomena of race and racism with reference to
Forster’s A Passage to India, in which I also explored the theme of friendship. Finally I
analyzed aspects of Orientalism referring to Edward Said’s remarks on the relationship
between the East and the West.

Name: Ioana Lucia (Niculiţă) Roşu

E-mail:
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Thomas Hardy’s Work

Abstract:
Thomas Hardy is one of the most important late Victorian novelists, whose work was
variously regarded as challenging and innovative or simply rejected. In this paper I would
like to discuss the novel Tess of the D’Urbervilles, and focus in particular on Tess`s
drama, her relationship with nature and her tragic ending.

Name: Ana-Maria Sicoe

E-mail: darkdreeam@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Clarity and transparency in business communication

Abstract:
This paper aims at clarifying the differences between clarity and transparency in the
process of business communication, more precisely: how clear and how transparent a
manager has to be when dealing with the people in the organization. Does the face-to-
face communication urge managers to speak directly and confidently? Is the ability to
explain things a key attribute of leadership communication? What does it mean and why
are we doing it are critical questions that every leader must answer with straightforward
explanations. However, good explainers need to be careful, not to overdo the details. It
can be said that transparency of communication creates ownership behaviors; on the other
hand, full clarity, is access to a full understanding of the facts.

Name: Vesna Stepanov

E-mail: vesna_stepanov@yahoo.com
Affiliation: University of the West, Timişoara
Title: Televangelism And The Anti-Gay Hate Speech

Abstract:
The late 1960s foreshadowed the boom of religious mass-media in the United States, as
anyone could buy airing time from local television and radio stations. The Evangelical
Church immediately sensed the opportunity for new ways of spreading the gospel and its
theology and soon gained a wide audience among conservative Americans. Issues such as
homosexuality, abortion, educated women and feminism were subject to harsh criticism
in what should have been a heterogeneous American society. Several decades later, the
media discourse of the right-winged church has not changed, in spite of the continuous
shifts in American society structure. This paper presents several cases of aggressive
attacks made by prominent clerical figures of the Evangelical Church against the idea of
homosexuality, gay marriage and adoptions.

Name: Oana Terchet

E-mail: oanaterchet@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: Virginia Woolf - the Woman

Abstract:
Virginia Woolf, one of the most important novelists of the 20th century, is now regarded
as a classic of feminist literature. At the time though, she was a pioneer and she really felt
the burden of rowing against the flow. In my presentation, I will focus mostly on her
personal biography, her family background, her relationship with Leonard Woolf and
Vita Sackville-West, and not the least, on her illness. Using excerpts from her diary and
letters, as well as pictures and other multi-media available at the time, I will try to take a
glimpse of what Virginia Woolf was, as a woman.

Name: Catalina Zăgrean, Ioana Colcer

E-mail: ioana_colcer@yahoo.com
Affiliation: “1 Decembrie 1918” University, Alba Iulia
Title: The Canterbury Tales at the Beginning of the 21st Century

Abstract:
The Canterbury Tales represents one of the most captivating works of the English
literature. Although it was written more than six hundred years ago, the portrayal of the
characters is still relevant to today’s society. The Wife of Bath, for example, can be
considered as a forerunner of the feminist ideals of the modern times. The subject of her
story, the way in which she describes herself and her behaviour, very uncommon for
those times, indirectly advocate for a new status of woman in society. As we see it, the
importance of the theme is that it bridges the medieval period with the emancipation of
women in the 20th century.