1.

Introduction
The phohar maila atiprabhabit ksetra barta tatha sangharsha samiti ,
(Waste Affected Area Peoples Committee :WAAPC)
submitted a letter of demands and agenda for discussion to the Kathmandu
Metropolitan City Office (KMC) for attention regarding the following matters:
a. Decision of formation of WAAAPC
b. Agreement to be made for use and management of waste at sisdol
landfill site in new context.
c. New understanding to be made for infrastructure development and
employment of waste affected area
d. Insufficiency of compensation distribution for highly affected land and
houses and its rationale
The letter mentions that the WAAPC will start strikes and movements if KMC does
not address those demands within 15 days.
Based on the above mentioned threaten by WAAPC, the KMC organized a meeting
at KMC Office at Baghdarbar on 10th August 2014 and formed a technical team
consisting of technical persons from KMC, Lalitpur submetro Politan City ( LSMC),
Solid Waste Technical Support Centre (SWMTSC) and an independent solid waste
management expert. The team of technical person was assigned to prepare
technical report based on site visit and necessary study and assessment of
available data.
This report technical report is prepared based on site visit, literature review and fact
and findings from discussion with local leaders, technical team members and people
of the concerning the waste management and landfill at Okharpauwa, Nuwakot and
Chhatre Deurali Dhading. This report try to find immediate and long term solution
for Sisdol landfill site operation and management.

2. Purpose of the report

This report has been prepared by the technical formed by KMC to find practical
solutions and make suggestions for short term and long term solutions for operation
and management of the Sisdol landfill site. This report to suggest some immediate
actions and necessary improvement in operation and management of Sisdol landfill
site to address the demand of landfill affected people or WAAPC.

3. History and Background

The Sisdol Landfill Site is located at Ward No. 4, Sisdol of Okharpauwa Village
Development Committee (VDC) in the Nuwakot District. It was on the northern
bank of Kolpu Khola,immediate near to the confluence: Thulo Khola - Kolpu
Khola. The altitude at landfill site was about 1,150 m above mean sea level
(msl). The site is well connected to Kathmandu with a distance of 16 km to the

north-west from Balaju-Bypass and about 29 km from the existing waste transfer
station at Teku. The landfill site covers an area of 15 hectares out of which the
actual landfill site covered about2 hectares in area. The Sisdol Landfill site was
developed by Nepal government in 2003 and further developed by Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) as pilot project during Clean Kathmandu
Valley Study (CKV) as short term landfill site for 2-3 years period.
The landfill site was developed in two small natural valleys. This landfill site was
operated since 2005 June for 5 years. The Next short term landfill site was
constructed and operated for next 2 years in Aletar, 1.2 Km West of Sisdol.
Though the life of all short term landfill sites completed, the Government could
not start construction of long- term landfill site proposed at Banchare danda. At
the end of all alternatives, the Sisdol landfill site which was closed since last 2
years was reopened for landfilling in 2010. There is no option except expanding
the reopened landfill site before completing the construction of Banchare Danda
long-term landfill site. The Sisdol was expanded in 2011 and 2012 for some
capacity with limited budget. The Sisdol Landfill site was again expanded in 2013
at 3rd stage. Based on the final report on phase III expansion of Sisdol landfill
site, it will be full before end of 2017.
The remaining life span of the landfill is about 2.25 years.

4. Quality of waste
Based on waste quality survey done by ADB TA in 2012, the waste contents are as
shown in chart. Most of the waste is organic waste about 66% and next major
portion is paper and plastic about 23% and rest others 11%. Thus most of
recyclable materials are being landfilled.

Characteristic of household waste

5. Quantity of waste
The quantity of waste delivered to the landfill site is about 550 tons/day based
on the rough study made based on vehicles entered with waste collected from
Kathmandu and Lalitpur. There is no any systematic recording system of waste
quantity transported to the landfill site after damage of the weigh bridge
established at CKV pilot project time. 60 Private sector vehicles, 30 KMC vehicles
and 4 LSMC vehicles transports about 550 tons of waste every day. The KMC
management claims that the quantity of waste has significantly increased in last
few years because of waste collection practice in creased in KMC adjacent VDCs
by private sector.
Table 3: population and waste generation
S
.
N
.

Name of
Municipalit
y

Kathmandu
MPC
Lalitpur
SMPC

Projected
population
(based on
CBS,
2011)
1006656

Total
HH
waste
(ton/da)

MSW
(gm/cap
ita/day)

Total
MSW
(ton/d
ay)

Colle
ction
(ton/d
ay)

Collection
efficiency
(%)

4.74

Avg/
HH
waste
(gm/cap
ita/day)
232.31

233.85

464.61

467.7

87

4.84

185.91

223285

41.51

371.82

83.0

405.0
0
60.00

1.00 4.79 209.11

Data based on swm study ADB/TA 2012

1229941

137.68

418.22

550.7

Avg
waste /
HH /
day in
kg
1.10

Aver
age
HH
size

0.90

72

79

The data shows that if waste from VDCs are also transported to the landfill site, some of waste of the
municipal area is being managed internally or has been deposited somewhere in municipality or the
collection efficiency is less than estimated efficiency.

6. Facts and findings

6.1.
Current practice of waste management
6.1.1.
Waste collection and Transportation
Waste generated at household and commercial area are collected at certain places
assigned for waste collection and then collected small vehicles of municipalities to
transfer station. Those collected waste at transfer station are again loaded to heavy
vehicles to transport to the Sisdol landfill site. The private organization collects
waste from every household as door to door collection and dumps at so called
transfer station where they collection valuable recyclable materials for processing
and residue are loaded to heavy vehicle to transport to landfill site. There is no any
formal segregation and processing unit in Kathmandu and Lalitpur. Thus total
collected waste is transported to landfill site and disposed.

6.1.2.

Equipment at landfill

There are 2 bull dozers, 1 loader, 1 excavator and one jet spray and 3 trippers
(transportation of capping material) for whole landfill management. The landfill is
kept open up to 2 PM and then capping is done until finish. There is one sheep
footer roller for waste compaction, but it has not been operated since last 2 years.

Generally waste is unloaded from vehicle by loader and excavator and spread over
the landfill area by the Bull dozer.

6.1.3.

Waste Compaction

There is no any compaction process except running of Bull Dozer during spreading if
the waste.

6.1.4.

Capping

Capping of 10-30 cm thickness over a waste of 2 m depth is done every day with
ordinary soil available at the site.

6.1.5.

Fly and vector control

The Jet pump is used for spraying a special solution (0.5 lit novan, 1 lit centranol, 3
lit phenol in 3000 lit water) to control odour and fly in the transportation route and
in landfill area in the morning and at evening.

6.1.6.

Human resource

There 3 operators, 2 recorders 2 office assistants, 1 mechanical helper and 1 landfill

supervisor. A team of 9 people work together to manage the whole landfill. The
supervisor is one fresh graduate and the operators though experienced are not
trained for operation of landfill.
Visual appearance

6.2.

Capacity of landfill site

6.2.1. Possibilities of expansion

7. Landfill Management
7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.
7.5.
7.6.

Access road
Service road
Unloading plat form
Unloading equipment
Compaction
Capping

8. Recommendations