ARCH 23 : MATERIALS OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Module 2 Building Materials

DOORS
Entranceways; barriers (usually solid) which swings, slides, tilts, or folds to close an opening
in a wall or cabinet or the like.
PARTS OF A DOOR
Door bevel

The bevel which is provided on the stile edge (lock edge) of a door
so that the door may swing free of the doorframe; usually about 3
degrees toward the doorstop.

Door bolt

A manually operated sliding rod or bar attached to a door for locking

it; a spring is not part of the locking mechanism.

Doorband

A bar used to fasten a door; A strap hinge which holds in place the
planks of a door.

Door buck

A wood or metal subframe, set in a wall, to which the finished frame

is attached.

Door casing/
/doorcase

The finished frame surrounding a door; the visible frame.

Door check

A device combining a spring for closing and a compression chamber

into which liquid or air escapes slowly, thus providing a means of
controlling the speed of the closing action.

Doorframe

An assembly built into a wall consisting of two upright members

(lambs) and a head (lintel) over the doorway; encloses the doorway
and provide support on which to the door hang

Door head

The uppermost member of the doorframe; A horizontal projection

above a door.

Doorjamb
Doorcheck/
Doorpost

The vertical member on each side of the door.

Door light

The glass area in a door.

Door lining

Thc finish of wood, metal, marble, etc., which surrounds the top and
sides of a doorway.

Door Joiner

In a door, an opening with a series of slats, blades, or piercing which

permit the passage of air.

Door mullion

The center vertical member of a double-door opening, set between

two single active leaves; usually forms the strike side of each leaf;
may be removable.
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ARCH 23 : MATERIALS OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Module 2 Building Materials

Door opening -

The size of the doorframe opening measured from jamb to jamb and
from floor line or threshold to head of frame; usually equal to the
actual door size plus clearances.

Door rail

A horizontal cross member which forms part o~ the frame of a door;

connects the hinge stile to the lock stile; both at the top and bottom
of the door and at intermediate locations; may be exposed, as in
panelled doors, or concealed, as in flush doors

Door roller

A hardware accessory, consisting of wheels on a track, which support

a sliding door

Doorsill, saddle -

The horizontal member, usually a board, covering the floor joint on

the of the threshold of a door

Door stile

One of the upright structural members of the frame, as at the outer

edge of a door.

Doorstop

A strip against which a door shuts in its frame; A device place on the
wall behind a door, or mounted on the floor, to prevent opening the
door too wide; also called a door bumper

Door strip

A strip attached to the bottom edge of a door to cover the gap

between the bottom edge and the door sill.

Door trim

The casing or mouldings used around a doorframe to conceal the

crack or joint between the frame and wall or for decorative effects.

TYPES/ KINDS
KINDS OF DOORS
1. Wood Doors
May be either hollow-core or solid-core construction
Solid core doors-used in exterior applications or where extremely heavy service is
needed
Hollow-core doors used for interior applications
a. Swinging Door

Consists of a single wood panel which is hinged to the door frame on one side and
swings to open
May be classed as left hand (hinges set on the left) or right hand (hinges on the
right)
Bevel indicates the direction of the swing

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ARCH 23 : MATERIALS OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Module 2 Building Materials

KINDS OF SWINGING DOORS:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Double Acting Door swings both ways

Double Door consists of two doors on opposite sides of the doorway
Dutch Door top and bottom half are cut and swing independent of each other
Louver Door consists of horizontal wood slats within a stile and a frame

b. Laminated Plastic Clad Door

Hollow-core and solid-core may be covered with high-pressure laminates to fit

specific openings
Direct sun is not recommended as it may warp

c. Sliding Door
KINDS OF SLIDING DOORS:
1. Horizontal Sliding Door usually hung on overhead tracks
2. Pocket Sliding Door consists of one moving panel which slides into a pocket
built into the wall
3. Bypass Sliding Door composed of two or more doors hung on parallel tracks
4. Sliding Glass Door glazed with glass
d. Folding Door
KINDS OF FOLDING DOORS:
1. Accordion Door series of inner vertical rods with double hinges at the top and
bottom
2. Bifold Door leaves are attached to the carrier at alternate corners

Types of
folding doors

SOURCE:
Arch 23
Lecture Notes

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ARCH 23 : MATERIALS OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Module 2 Building Materials

2. Metal Doors
a. Hollow Steel Door
STANDARD STEEL DOOR CATEGORIES:
1. Standard Duty 20 gauge steel face panel
2. Heavy Duty 18 Gauge Steel face panel
3. Extra Heavy Duty 16 gauge steel face panel
b. Fire Door

Usually I thick consisting of sheet-metal facings

Panels may be made of cement-asbestos board with metal facing glued to the core

c. Special Purpose Doors

KINDS OF SPECIAL PURPOSE DOORS:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Roll-up Door composed of several panels which roll to a casing on top

Pivoted Overhead Door usually used for garages
Metal Service Door widely used as security or fire doors
Revolving Door helps conserve heat in a building and excludes cold air

Types
of doors

SOURCE:
Architectural
Graphic
Standards

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ARCH 23 : MATERIALS OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Module 2 Building Materials

WINDOWS
An opening in an external wall of a building to admit light and air; It is usually glazed. The
framework in which the glass is set is called the sash ; An entire assembly consisting of a
window frame, its glazing, and any operable elements.
PARTS OF A WINDOW:
Window apron

A plain or molded woodstrip which covers the edge of the

plastering below a window stool.

Window back

The inside face of the portion of a wall between the window sill

Window bar

and the floor below.

A bar which prevents Ingress or egress through a window; A bar
for
securing a casement or window shutters.

Window casing -

The finished frame surrounding a window.

Window catch

A fastening device, fixed to a window sash, to prevent it from

being opened from the outside

Window dressing Window frame Window hardware-

Window sash

Window screen

The trim, usually of wood or stone, around a window.

The fixed, non-operable frame of a window designed to receive
and hold the sash or casement and all necessary hardware.
Devices, fittings, or mechanisms for opening, closing,
supporting, holding open, or locking the sashes including such
items as catch, chains cords, fasteners, hinges, lifts, locks,
pivots, pulls, pulleys, sash balances, sash weights, and stays.
Any framework of a window; may be movable or fixed; may slide
in a vertical plane (as in a double-hung window) or may be
pivoted (as in casement window); a pivoted sash is also called
a ventilator.
An ornamental grille or lattice fitted into a window opening.

Window space

The total window area in a room or building.

Window stool

A horizontal board on a windowsill, fitted ,against the bottom

rail of lower sash and between sash frame stiles; forms a base
on which the casing rests; usually of wood, but may be of metal
or other facing material.

TYPES/ KINDS
KINDS OF WINDOWS:
1. Wood Windows
a. Double Hung Windows

consists of two sashes which slide vertically

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ARCH 23 : MATERIALS OF BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

b.

Module 2 Building Materials

Horizontal Sliding Windows

consists of two or more sashes that slide horizontally

c. Casement Windows

d.

consists of two or more sashes that swing in or out

Awning Windows

consists of two or more outswinging sashes hinged at the top

e. Hopper Windows

similar to awning windows except they are hinged at the bottom

2. Metal Windows
KINDS OF METAL WINDOWS:
a. Aluminum Windows
b. Steel Windows
c. Stainless Steel Windows
3. Jalousie Windows
Also called louver windows
Consists of strips of glass
Glass strips are pivoted in the center so that the strips close tightly against each other
4. Window Walls

Continuous facings consisting of combinations of windows, panels and mullions

The windows, panels, and mullions fill the space between the structural elements
Generally one storey in height
Components are usually set in a modular framework of aluminum

5. Glazed Walls
Fixed glass usually set in wood stops
In movable partitions and metal partitions, glass is usually set in metal frames

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