Islamic Online University

Bachelor of Arts in Islamic Studies

English 101 Assignment

Full Name: Sadikur Rahman Md Abdur Rahman

Question:
2. Make use of the different OUTLINING STYLES you have learnt, and
explain the PARTS OF SPEECH, giving 3 examples for each category.

Answer:
PARTS OF SPEECH
1. Adjectives
Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. They include five categories:
a. Common adjectives- describe common nouns or pronouns.
Examples include: barren land, sandy places, great empires, etc.
b. Proper adjectives- made using proper nouns.
Examples include: Arabian Peninsula, Red Sea, Indian Ocean,
etc.
c. Compound adjectives- comprising of more than one word.
Examples include: headed northwards, resolved sometime, etc.
d. Articles- include definite article the and indefinite articles a &
an.
Examples include: The pure Arabs, a shadow of doubt, an image,
etc.
e. Indefinite adjectives- dont state the precise quantity of
something
Examples include: Allahs promise to give Abraham another
son; several sects; land links with most nations; etc.

2. Adverbs
Adverbs are used to describe verbs, adjectives or other adverbs.
Adverbs explain the questions: When? Where? How? To what extent?
Examples include: His loins were never seen afterwards; the pressure
had almost injured his thigh; arise quickly for the strife and toil; etc.
3. Conjunctions
They connect words or groups of words and depict how these are
related. Conjunctions are divided into three kinds:
a. Coordinating conjunctions- join similar words or groups of
words using: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
Examples include:
-people denounced him as an apostate, yet he would never
waver in faith.
-they instituted a powerful government, but not for long.
-the nature and development of Arab tribes
b. Correlative conjunctions- are always used in pairs to join
words. They include: both. .and, either. .or, neither. .nor, not
only. .but also, whether. .or
Examples include:
-they ran out of both food and water.
- The people there were either masters or slaves.
-neither people nor water was available.
c. Subordinating conjunctions- link independent clauses to
dependent clauses.
Examples include:
- This very house had benefited Quraish a lot because it secured
unity of opinions amongst them.
- The boy however abstained from going with him to Makkah
until he took his mothers consent.
- We have been strengthened a lot since 'Umar embraced Islam.
4. Interjections
Interjections express strong emotions and are separated from other
words using a coma or an exclamation mark.
Examples include:
-Oh yes, we swear by Allah.
- The Prophet (Peace be upon him) directly said: Oh, yes!"
- Oh, Allah, you know nothing is closer to my heart than striving in Your
way.
5. Nouns
A noun is a name of a person, place or thing.
a. Common nouns- include general name of a person, place or
thing.
Examples include: peninsula, valley, desert, etc.
b. Proper nouns- include specific name of a person, place or
thing.
Examples include: Muhammad, Quraish, Makkah, etc.
c. Compound nouns- comprise of more than one noun.

Examples include: Arab kinfolks, rulership, princeship, minipicture, etc.

d. Collective nouns- refer to groups of people or things.
Examples include: tribe, family, herd, neighborhood, etc.
6. Prepositions
Prepositions always precede nouns or pronouns in a sentence and
relate them to the other words in the sentence.
Examples include: dwelt in Bahrain, under a lofty tree, near zamzam,
etc.
7. Pronouns
Pronouns are used instead of a noun or other pronouns and help avoid
repetition.
a. Personal pronouns- refer to a specific person, place or thing.
Examples include: you have fulfilled the dream; he headed for
Madinah; O Lord of mine; etc.
b. Possessive pronouns- show possession and include: your,
yours, his, hers, its, ours, their, theirs, whose.
Examples include:
-take your adornment.
-Imran bin Amr and his folks went to Oman.
-he is our son as he is yours
c. Reflexive pronouns- in which the actions done by the subject
reflex upon it.
Examples include:
-all trees and stones prostrated themselves.
-Qusai found himself more entitled.
-Extend peace greetings amongst yourselves.
d. Intensive pronouns- provide emphasis on the noun or
pronoun.
Examples include:
-they themselves would be guilty.
-they themselves had had bitter days of inter-tribal warfare.
-Abraha himself had an infection.
-Allh Himself revealed to him in heaven.
e. Demonstrative pronouns- include: this, that, these, those.
They are used to point out people or things they stand for.
Examples include:
-This story spoke of one journey.
-The crowned kings were only those of Yemen.
- Verily, that indeed was a manifest trial.
f. Relative pronouns- are used to start a subordinate clause and
include: that, which, who, whom, those.
Examples include:
- Ardashir had reckoned that it was impossible for him to rule the
Arabs directly.
-none should eat of them except those whom we allow.
- Allh will send him with a Message which will be a mercy to all
beings.

g. Interrogative pronouns- used for asking questions and

include: what, which, who, whom, whose.
Examples include:
-What is this?
- What did you see?
-Which of the folk of my house?
h. Indefinite pronouns- refer to people, place or things that are
not specific.
Examples include:
- Judaism was introduced into Yemen by someone called Asad
Abi Karb.
-they made proselytes of several tribes.
-her decision would most often be enforced.
8. Verbs
Verbs describe an action or a state of being. Kinds of verbs include:
a. Action verbs
Action verbs describe the action of the subject.
Examples include:
- Kahlan septs emigrated from Yemen.
-Abraham came to Makkah.
-Allah created mankind.

b. Linking verbs
Linking verbs join the subject and predicate of a sentence.
Examples include:
-I have been sent as a Messenger to you.
-They have become followers of Muhammad.
-He remained silent.
c. Helping verbs
Helping verbs are used to clarify the meaning of other verbs.
Examples include:
-he himself should go out.
- He did not get married to any other until she had died.
-they might grow up in the free and healthy surroundings.