Académique Documents
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1
What is Community Cohesion?
A cohesive community is one in which:
Reporting Diversity was developed by the Society of Editors and the Media Trust
and funded by the Cohesion and Faiths Unit of the Home Office.
The Society of Editors has more than 400 members in national, regional and local
newspapers and magazines and broadcasting, new media, journalism education
and media law. It campaigns for media freedom, self-regulation, the public’s right
to know and the maintenance of standards in journalism.
Society of Editors, University Centre, Granta Place, Mill Lane, Cambridge CB2 1RU.
Tel: 01223 304080
The Media Trust works in partnership with the media industry to help the voluntary
sector build effective communications.
The Media Trust, 3-7 Euston Centre, Regents Place, London NW1 3JG. Tel: 020 7874 7603
2
This guide offers advice and practical help to
journalists about how to rise to the challenge and
avoid the perils and pitfalls of reporting community
issues. I commend it to everyone whose job is
reporting these stories.
3
Foreword 0
‘One of the greatest challenges facing editors today - whether of
newspapers or broadcast media – is to keep in touch with the
accelerating pace of change in our communities. The assumptions
editors might have been reasonably comfortable to make a few years
ago are almost certainly far too flimsy to work on now.
Our awareness of the issues that can develop around these changes is
helping to drive the debate about community cohesion, how it can
best be achieved and what is the role for the media in this process.’
Nick Carter
Editor-in-chief, Leicester Mercury
His local community is 38% minority ethnic.
4
Contents
6 Introduction Gypsies and Travellers: a case for
‘The media has a vital role to play in concern
driving forward the process of making our ‘The routine use of racist language and
communities exactly that – communities’ vicious stereotypes... has legitimised
public prejudice’
7 Multi-cultural, multi-faith
Striking a balance
Britain
‘Bigots who hide behind a cloak of
The people
respectability can be the most damaging’
‘Non-white ethnic groups have
increased from six per cent of England’s Why offend?
population to nine per cent in a decade, A guide to careless misuse of words
an increase of 1.6 million people’ 24 How others have done it
The media (or how others see us) Tweaking content
‘Much of the reporting had been ‘If we are to reflect the needs,
shallow and language had often been concerns and views of our
intemperate’ communities as a whole it is critical we
The law, the codes and reporting understand every segment’
diversity Giving guidance
‘The aim is to protect individuals from ‘Getting spelling and terminology
discriminatory coverage’ wrong can cause offence, and so can
failure to understand religious or
13 Creating one community
cultural backgrounds’
for all
Building bridges
Why journalists have a role ‘They have sought greater understanding
‘If Britain is to promote good relations and means of keeping regular contact to
between people with a wide range of create the sort of papers and
identities and religions, it is editors and programmes that meet local needs’
journalists who bear the greatest
responsibility’ Staffing with minorities in mind
‘I went to the CRE Race in Media
15 How to get it right awards and saw quite a number of
Words matter. Say what you mean newspaper executives there for the first
to say time. They are waking up to the new
‘... being accurate is not just about reality of Britain’
being politically correct’
32 Essential facts about faiths
Why offend?
‘Some may observe the traditional
‘Saying someone is a bogus asylum
tenets of the faith more strictly than
seeker is like declaring someone guilty
others. Some may interpret scriptures
before the jury has reached a verdict’
more literally; others less so’
Asylum seekers and refugees:
a case for care 47 Finding out more
‘... whether a description is accurate, Useful contacts for help and
misleading or distorted applies equally information about every element of
to groups’ community cohesion
52 Acknowledgments
53 Index
5
Introduction
This Guide is designed to help journalists respond to the challenge of
reporting the changing face of Britain in all its richness and variety. It reflects
the growing awareness, among the media as in much of the rest of society,
of the need to present communities to one another and to seek greater
understanding of them all.
The media has a vital role to play in driving forward the process of making
our communities exactly that – communities that are inclusive, successful
and tolerant.
It will help journalists avoid falling into traps of language, emphasis and
ignorance as they report the integration of new people, new ideas, new
cultures and new faiths into cohesive communities, accepting that
inaccuracy or insensitivity may damage progress being made in
representing communities fairly and faithfully.
This booklet reflects the many initiatives taken by the media in the hope that
the lead taken by some will prompt others to follow.
Bob Satchwell
Executive Director, Society of Editors
Caroline Diehl
Chief Executive, The Media Trust
6
Multi-cultural, 1
multi-faith Britain
8
The people have proportions of black and Asian
people reaching towards a majority.
For many years Britain has had a multi-
cultural and multi-faith society. It has Almost half of people from minority
become home to people of many backgrounds live in the major urban
races and faiths and from all parts of areas of London, Birmingham,
the world. Manchester and Leicester.
Multi-cultural Britain 7
countries of their birth. They see The media (or how
Britain as a fair and decent place,
outwardly-minded and receptive. others see us)
How is the media seen in Britain
Yet for all that they retain the today?
vulnerability of a minority. If they
worship in a temple or a mosque or a In many ways it is viewed positively.
synagogue, or live a nomadic lifestyle, There is recognition of the high
they can be seen as different, and standard of journalism. As the good
some face discrimination or worse. practice examples later will show,
there is much to be proud of in
Though Britain’s journey towards reporting diverse communities. At the
greater diversity has been largely same time, there are some problems,
peaceful, characterised by respect particularly where diversity issues are
and tolerance, challenges do remain concerned. This is evidenced by
in achieving understanding between research conducted by a number of
minority communities and the academics and organisations.
majority population.
After the disturbances in the north-
* Statistics from the Home Office 2005. west in 2001, research by the
Further information is available at Media Trust concluded that most
www.statistics.gov.uk journalists had been either unable or
unwilling to look beyond the easy
explanation of racial conflict and see
the underlying causes.
Multi-cultural Britain 8
• serve all sections of the community 'I want bums on sofas watching
• avoid inflammatory language and programmes on ITV...
unnecessarily provocative pictures But the diverse population of
• promote positive stories reflecting Britain will only watch
the rich diversity of life in our
programmes if these are relevant
communities
• pursue fair employment practices to their lives'
and set targets for the
employment of minority groups. Clive Jones,
chief executive, ITV News
Television fared no better in another
survey, this time conducted by Ofcom
in 2004. Researchers, who interviewed
6,000 people, found only one in five Often, the articles emphasised
thought programmes reflected the cultural differences. Stories about
needs and concerns of different ethnic relationships between Muslims and
communities satisfactorily. non-Muslims, for instance, were
usually presented as a 'conversion'
Press coverage distorting the reality of a Briton to the faith, or as 'some
of Muslims’ lives and beliefs was the kind of deviant, culturally
target of Dr Elizabeth Poole, of the abominable or criminal action
University of Staffordshire, who related to the relationship.'
published the results of a three-year
research project in 2000. Similarly, said Dr Poole, stories on
fundamentalism were usually
She found that even in articles stimulated by issues such as
about British Muslims, the focus immigration, again reinforcing the idea
was global in the sense that that the two were inextricably linked.
references were usually made to Dr Poole concluded that Muslims
world events. This had two effects, were seen as a threat to security in
she pointed out. The first was that the UK because of their supposed
Muslims were seen as ‘foreign’. The involvement in deviant activities and
second was that an impression was that Muslims were also seen as a
created that somehow all Muslim threat to British mainstream values.
communities around the world were
linked, with the same thoughts, A research study commissioned by the
ambitions and agendas. Greater London Authority and carried
out by a team led by the Information
Centre about Asylum and Refugees
concluded that some press coverage
was unbalanced and inaccurate in
ways that were likely to increase
tension, and that local tension made
racial harassment more likely.
Multi-cultural Britain 9
It also suggested a link between The law, the codes and
reporting and incidents of abuse
and harassment. reporting diversity
Staying within the law: Journalists
Research in 2004 for the have responsibilities under the law to
Employability Forum, an ensure they do not stir up racial hatred
independent umbrella organisation and may soon be legally required not
promoting the skills and experience to incite religious hatred either.
of refugees, showed that even
though businesses liked employing Even-handed treatment of every
refugees they were reticent to member of society is enshrined in
publicise the benefits for fear of Section 70 of the Race Relations Act
negative media coverage and 1976 and the Race Relations
subsequent loss of custom. Amendment Act 2000. The law states
that a person commits an offence if
he or she:
(a) publishes or distributes written
matter that is threatening, abusive
or insulting; or
(b) uses in any public place or at any
public meeting words that are
threatening, abusive or insulting, in
a case where, having regard to all
the circumstances, hatred is likely
to be stirred up against any racial
group in Great Britain by the
matter or words in question.
Multi-cultural Britain 10
Observing the codes: Journalists must Even so, journalists should generally
also work within codes of practice set beware of statements that cast a
down by regulatory bodies in both print slur on groups, such as implications
and broadcasting. These say that that Muslims are sympathetic
journalists must avoid prejudicial or towards terrorists.
pejorative reference to an individual’s To be in breach of the code,
race or religion and must avoid stating publication must not only be
an individual’s religion unless it is prejudicial or pejorative – but also
directly relevant to the story. discriminatory.
For example, a satirical cartoon
Respectively, the press and depicting Israeli premier Ariel Sharon
broadcasting in Britain are regulated by eating a baby – while undeniably
two organisations, the Press pejorative - was cleared by the PCC
Complaints Commission (PCC) and the of being racist as it referred to him in
Office of Communications (Ofcom). his capacity as a head of
government, rather than as a Jew.
Adherence to the PCC code is voluntary, Full details of how the PCC operates
but all newspapers and magazines and the Editors’ Code of Practice can
submit to its jurisdiction. Adjudications be found at www.pcc.org.uk
are published in full and prominently.
Ofcom is a statutory body, so its code
The PCC code forbids discrimination. has the backing of the law. It can
It says: require broadcasters to carry its
(i) The press must avoid prejudicial or adjudication and can also impose
pejorative reference to a person's fines. Its ultimate sanction is
race, colour, religion, sex or sexual withdrawal of the licence to broadcast.
orientation or to any physical or
mental illness or disability. It has a duty ‘to foster plurality and
informed citizenship, protect viewers,
(ii) It must avoid publishing details of a
listeners and customers and promote
person's race, colour, religion, sexual
cultural diversity.’ So its codes are
orientation, physical or mental illness
concerned with respect to people’s
or disability unless these are directly
cultural and religious backgrounds,
relevant to the story.
avoiding misrepresentation and the
importance of transparency, accuracy
The aim is to protect individuals from
and impartiality.
discriminatory coverage, and no public
interest defence is available. However,
These remind broadcasters that
the code does not cover generalised
Britain is made up of many different
remarks about groups or categories of
faiths and cultures, each with its own
people - which would involve subjective
religious sensitivities. They suggest
views, often based on political
broadcasters should be aware of
correctness or taste, and be difficult to
these sensitivities so that they avoid
adjudicate upon without infringing the
causing unnecessary offence,
freedom of expression of others.
Multi-cultural Britain 11
especially in the casual use of names,
words and symbols regarded as
sacred by one faith or another.
Multi-cultural Britain 12
Creating one
community for all
2
Why journalists have a everyone needs to understand better
the society of which they are a part.
role
Even for a media that has to address This means:
a mass audience, either nationally or • working to establish regular contact
locally, minorities the size of Britain’s with those communities and with
merit close consideration. They are the organisations that support them.
no longer ‘the few’ whose way of life
is different from that of the many. • making themselves aware of the
They are ‘the many’ themselves. impact on individuals, communities
and society as a whole of what they
The ethical argument report and how they do it.
If Britain is to promote good relations
between people with a wide range of • seeing their role as more than
identities and religions, it is editors chronicling what happens.
and journalists who bear the greatest Journalists will want to see it also
responsibility for depicting different as breaking down barriers to
communities fairly and accurately to understanding so that everyone can
the majority and to one another. live together in harmony.
Though for centuries there have been The ethical argument is powerful. All
migrants seeking to protect or who are represented in the media
improve themselves, people have share the same entitlement to
never been as mobile as now. Just accuracy and fairness.
as some from Britain choose to live
and work in other countries, there A person’s colour, his religion or his
are many who wish to come to lifestyle should impose no limitation
Britain. As migrants have always on how he might expect to be
done, they bring with them their treated. Yet there has sometimes
cultures and religions. been only passive acknowledgment
of the sensibilities of minorities.
Newspapers circulating in areas Understanding of their cultures has
where ethnic minorities are present in come slowly if at all.
significant numbers will wish to
accept a responsibility to understand Offence can be given because of
the communities they serve, the ignorance. It may not be intended but
issues and concerns that affect their the harm and the alienation is as real
daily lives and their relationships with as it might have been had the
other communities. purpose been malicious. Journalists
will want to ensure that none is
Even where journalists are working in implied by anything they write.
media that serve a less diverse
audience, sensitivity to community Though many trust to their common
issues is important, because sense, some newspapers and
3
Words matter. Say what you Coloured is generally regarded as an
mean to say insult by black people. Similarly,
‘negro’, a term historically used by
some to describe people of black
Mistakes can mislead public opinion
African descent but which is no longer
and stir up social unrest. So, being
used and widely considered offensive.
accurate is not just a matter of being
politically correct.
Blacks and Asians. ‘Black’ and
‘Asian’ should not be regarded as
It is important to know what terms
nouns. Refer to black people or an
are appropriate to describe particular
Asian woman where the context
groups within the population. The
demands the distinction, and in the
following will be helpful.
same way write about a white man.
Remember we are all people, not just
Non-white. Except in a statistical
racial groups. Prefer African-
context, this is a term best avoided
Caribbean to Afro-Caribbean.
since it somewhat discourteously
describes people of black and Asian
Mixed race. This adjective is
backgrounds as what they are not,
generally used to describe people
rather than what they are. Similarly, the
with parentage of more than one
term ‘non-Christian’ is to be avoided.
ethnic background. ‘Half-caste’ and
‘mulatto’ are old terms which are
Ethnic. This should not be used only
unacceptable and offensive.
of non-white people. We are all
‘ethnic’. It is not a noun and the term
Gypsies/Travellers. People belonging
‘ethnics’ should be avoided. Refer to
to ethnic groups originating in India
minority ethnic communities or groups
and Ireland respectively. Romany
or, for short, to ethnic minorities.
Gypsies and Irish Travellers are
protected by race relations legislation.
Indian, Pakistani etc. Terms used
People are born to those groups.
principally of people of the nationality
They cannot become Gypsies or Irish
of the countries in question. If the
Travellers. Gypsies from eastern
person is, in fact British, it is better to
Europe are known as Roma Gypsies
refer to them as ‘of Pakistani
and share the same ethnicity as
background’ or ‘Pakistani British’ or
Romany Gypsies in the UK.
‘British Pakistani’.
Economic migrant. A person who
Black is a description that can apply
comes to the UK seeking work or a
without offence to African, Caribbean,
job he or she has already obtained.
Arab and Asian, but some newspapers
The government has encouraged
reasonably draw a distinction between
economic migration to fill skill
black (of African descent), Asian and
shortages, as in the health service.
Arab, as do some members of the
communities concerned.
Coming up on page 24 - What example the leaders of the pack are setting others.
4
31
Tweaking content of the Evening Mail, Birmingham, was
told: ‘The Mail has lots of black faces .
. . they are all on the Crimestoppers
Newspapers publishing in areas
page’. He scrapped the page and
where ethnic minority populations are
instead introduced features such as
significant acknowledge that black
School of the Week targeted on multi-
and Asian people need to recognise
ethnic communities. He also employed
themselves as part of the community.
young people of Asian descent to
review Bollywood and Asian music and
They take steps like ensuring vox pops
published a weekly black columnist.
include a range of people, that school
pictures show black children and other
The paper has made charitable
minority ethnic children as well as
appeals that would particularly find
white, that stories reflect the activities
support among minority readers. One
and interests of many groups and
to relieve a Malawi famine raised
faiths, and that opinions are expressed
£130,000. Fund-raising for an African
by black as well as white people.
boy needing a bone marrow
transplant topped £50,000. And a
One editor writes to people whose
Grenada hurricane appeal filled a
letters have appeared above Asian
plane with emergency supplies.
names to thank them and to
encourage them to express their
Associated Newspapers director
opinions again. He also writes to
Kevin Beatty says: ‘While it may once
minority community leaders urging
have been possible for large ethnic
them to use the paper as their
communities to live an insular
platform for public debate.
existence largely away from the focus
of the media, today they are high on
Newspapers in these areas report
our news lists. If we are to reflect the
festivals, processions and games and
needs, concerns and views of our
run features on Asian weddings,
communities as a whole it is critical
fashion and food. One has run a first-
we understand every segment.’
person piece on Ramadan and asked
readers to vote for their favourite
curry restaurant.
‘Significant numbers of our, shall
Above all, they monitor their columns we say, traditional readers have
to make sure they publish good news reacted badly to an increase in
about ethnic minorities as well as bad. pictures and stories from the
It pays. The Bolton Evening News had minority ethnic communities, so
one of their best sales of 2004 when a inclusiveness is not without its
young boxer, Amir Khan, won a silver problems’ –
medal at the Athens Olympics.
Jim Williams, editor, Oldham Evening
At a meeting with black community Chronicle
leaders soon after his arrival, the editor
Coming up on page 32 - What you need to know about different faith groups.
5
41
Know something of the faiths of differences, especially where one
people you are writing about, how the generation has grown up in a
milestones of life are passed in different environment from its
different religions... birth, growing predecessor. Some may call
into adulthood, marriage and death. themselves adherents of a faith but
Find out how people of one faith and practise a largely secular lifestyle
another worship, what they eat, how and observe, for example, only the
they dress and what they celebrate. main holy days.
Christianity
Christian funerals vary according to
the different denominations of the
Christian faith. However, there are
many similarities that may include
speeches and readings by relatives
and close friends. Prayers are said for
the dead person whose body is either
buried or cremated. The funeral
encompasses the Christian hope of
life beyond death, based on the belief
in Jesus Christ’s resurrection
celebrated at Easter – the core of the
Christian faith.
Christianity
Christian worship involves praising
God in music and speech, reading
from the scriptures, prayers of various
sorts, a sermon, and various holy
ceremonies such as the Eucharist
Hinduism
Hindu women often wear a long
dress, known as a sari, while some
Hindu men frequently wear a scarf,
known as angarkha.
Christianity
Easter is the culmination of the Lent
and Holy Week period. Lent lasts for
40 days. For practising Christians,
Lent is seen as a preparation time for
Easter. Lent may involve abstaining
from particular foods, or by giving to
charity, or by practising more prayer.
Holy Week has three important days
leading up to Easter Sunday: Maundy
Thursday, Good Friday and Holy
Saturday. Maundy Thursday marks
the last supper, which Jesus Christ
celebrated with his disciples and at
which he gave important teaching
and examples to them. Good Friday
commemorates the day of Jesus
Christ’s death by crucifixion. Holy
Saturday (observed more by some
6
58
Useful contacts for help and Runnymede Trust
information about every element of The Trust acts as a bridge-builder
community cohesion: between various minority ethnic
communities and policymakers. Its
OFFICIAL AND ADVISORY BODIES website carries downloads of
publications about community
Home Office cohesion and racial issues.
The Cohesion and Faiths Unit 020 7377 9222
provides ministers and officials with www.runnymedetrust.org
advice on cohesion and religious email: runnymede@trt.demon.co.uk
issues and aims to raise awareness
so that government departments
better understand the impact of MEDIA CODES AND GUIDANCE
policies on faith communities. It also
seeks to promote dialogue between Society of Editors
faith communities.
The Society of Editors campaigns for
020 7035 0403 media freedom, self-regulation, the
www.homeoffice.gov.uk public’s right to know and the
email: maintenance of standards in
CommunityCohesion@homeoffice.gsi. journalism.
gov.uk
01223 304080
www.societyofeditors.org
Inner Cities Religious Council
email: info@societyofeditors.org
This is located in the Office of the
Deputy Prime Minister and focuses Media Trust
on involving faith communities in
The Media Trust works in partnership
urban regeneration.
with the media industry to help the
020 7944 4400 voluntary sector build effective
www.odpm.gov.uk communications.
email: icrc@odpm.gsi.gov.uk
020 7874 7603
www.mediatrust.org
Commission for Racial Equality
email: info@mediatrust.org
The CRE is a publicly-funded, non-
governmental body set up under the Press Complaints Commission
Race Relations Act 1976 to tackle (PCC)
racial discrimination and promote
All newspapers and magazines
racial equality. It provides information
voluntarily submit to the PCC’s
and advice, and works to raise
jurisdiction. Its code is written into
awareness of race issues
newspaper journalists’ contracts.
020 7939 0000
020 7583 1248
www.cre.gov.uk
www.pcc.org.uk
email: www.cre.gov.uk
email: complaints@pcc.org.uk
BBC.
Its Producer Guidelines are a source ASYLUM AND REFUGEES
of advice to broadcasters on dealing
with sensitive issues. European Council on Refugees
and Exiles
www.bbc.co.uk/info/policies/producer
_guides 020 7377 7556
www.ecre.org
The BBC also has website pages
devoted to religion. They offer a guide Information Centre about Asylum
to beliefs and practices and also to and Refugees
its standpoint on ethical issues such 020 7848 2103
as abortion, same-sex marriage and www.icar.org.uk
euthanasia
www.bbc.co.uk/religion National Asylum Support Service
020 7633 0304
National Union of Journalists www.ind.homeoffice.gov.uk
The NUJ represents thousands of
journalists in the UK. It encourages its Refugee Action
members to work according to its 0161 233 1956 / 020 7654 7714
code of conduct. www.refugee-action.org.uk
020 7278 7916
www.nuj.org.uk Refugee Council
email: info@nuj.org.uk 020 7820 3057
www.refugeecouncil.org.uk
Chartered Institute of Journalists
The CIOJ campaigns for press UN High Commissioner for
freedom and acts as a trade union for Refugees
its members in journalism and public 020 7932 1020
relations. www.unhr.ch
020 7252 1187
www.ioj.co.uk
email: memberservices@ioj.co.uk
OTHERS
Acknowledgments 52
Index
A Mark of Faith, 32 Buddhist Society, 49
Action of Churches Together in Burnley Express, 27
Scotland, 49
adulthood, 34–5 Campaign for Racial Equality
African people, 7, 15, 19 (CRE), 25, 29
African-Caribbean, 15 Caribbean people, 7, 15
African-Caribbean Evangelical Carlton Television, 14, 28
Alliance, 49 Carter, Nick, 14, 28
Afro-Caribbean, 15 Catholic Bishops’ Conference of
Amir Khan, 24 England and Wales, 49
Arab people, 15 Channel 4, 14, 28–9
Asian Eye, 26 Channel 5, 14
Asian people, 15, 24 Chartered Institute of Journalists, 48
asylum seekers, 16–19, 25 children, 23
Christianity, 7, 19, 33, 34, 37,
Baha’is, 7, 49 39–40, 42, 44–5
Bangladeshi community, 27 Christmas, 45
baptism, 33 Church of England, 34, 49
Baptists, 34 Church of Scotland, 34
Bar/Bat Mitzvah, 35 Churches Together in Britain and
Barker, Charles, 25 Ireland, 49
BBC, 14, 28, 29, 48 Churches Together in England, 49
BBC Producer Guidelines, 20 Churches Together in Wales, 49
Beatty, Kevin, 24, 30 circumcision, 33
Bell, Sir David, 30 clandestine entrant, 16, 19
Birmingham, 7 clothing, 35, 37–8, 42–4
birth, 33–4 Cohesion and Faiths Unit, 47
black, 15 coloured, 15
black people, 15, 24 Commission for Racial Equality
Board of Deputies of British (CRE), 17, 47
Jews, 50 Community Cohesion Pathfinder
Bolton Evening News, 24 programme, 32
Borrell, Roger, 14 Community NewsWire, 25
Bradford Telegraph & Argus, 26, 29 confirmation, 34
British National Party, 27 Council of African and Afro-
British Pakistani, 15 Caribbean Churches (UK), 49
BSkyB, 14 Council of Christians and Jews, 50
Buddhism, 7, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, Coventry, 25
45–6 Coventry Evening Telegraph, 25, 27
Index 53
CRE see Campaign for Racial GMTV, 14
Equality, Commission for Racial Gospels, 20
Equality Granada, 14
Crucifixion, 20, 42, 44 Greater London Authority, 9
Cultural Diversity Network, 14, 28 Guardian, 30, 31
CYTUN/Churches Together in Guild of Editors, 10
Wales, 49 gurpurbs, 45
Gypsies, 15, 17–18, 19, 21–2
Daily Telegraph, 30 Gypsy and Traveller Law Reform
death, 37–9 Coalition, 50
Detroit Free Press, 27 Gypsy Council for Education,
diet, 42–3; see also food Culture, Welfare and Civil Rights,
Dinn, Jamsheed, 27 50
Diversity in the Newsroom, 28, 29
Diwali, 30, 44 Hajj, 45
Dyke, Greg, 28 half-caste, 15
Hanukkah, 45
Easter, 45 Hindu Council UK, 49
economic migrant, 15 Hinduism, 7, 30, 33, 35, 36, 37, 41,
Editors’ Code of Practice, see 42–3, 44
Press Complaints Commission code HIV, 21
Eid-al-Adha, 45 Home Office, 32, 47
Eid-al-Fitr, 45 Horrocks, Paul, 29
ELR, see Exceptional Leave to humanitarian status, 16
Remain
Employability Forum, 10 illegal asylum seeker, 17, 18
entrant, clandestine, 16 illegal entrant, 16
entrant, illegal, 16 illegal immigrant, 16, 18–19, 21
ethnic, 15 ILR, see Indefinite Leave to Remain
European Council on Refugees immigrant, 16
and Exiles, 48 Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR), 16
Evening Mail (Birmingham), 14, 24, Independent, 30
26, 27, 30 India/Indian, 7, 15
Exceptional Leave to Remain Information Centre about Asylum
(ELR), 16 and Refugees, 9, 48
Inner Cities Religious Council, 47
faith, see religions Inter Faith Council for Wales, 50
fatwa, 19 International Interfaith Centre, 50
festivals, 24, 44–6 Irish Travellers, 15, 17–18, 19
Financial Times, 30, 31 Irish Traveller Movement in
food, 21, 23, 24, 51; see also diet Britain, 50
Free Churches Group, 49 Islam, 19, 33, 35, 36, 38, 40–1, 43,
Friends, Families and Travellers, 50 45; see also Muslims
fundamentalists, 19 Islam Awareness Week, 27
Index 54
ITN, 14, 28 Forum, 30
ITV News, 29 National Spiritual Assembly
ITV, 9, 14, 29 (Baha’i), 49
National Union of Journalists, 48
Jain Centre, 49 negro/negroes, 15
Jains, 7 Network of Buddhist Organisations
Jamsheed Dinn, 27 (UK), 49
Jews, 7, 11, 19 Network of Sikh Organisations, 50
jihad, 19 non-white, 15
Jones, Clive, 9, 14, 29 Northern Ireland Inter Faith
Journal (Newcastle), 26–7 Forum, 50
Judaism, 33, 35, 36, 38–9, 41, 43, 45
Office for Communications
Khan, Amir, 24 (Ofcom), 9, 11, 48
Koran, 19 Oldham Evening Chronicle, 24,
25, 27
Lancashire Evening Post, 27 Osama bin Laden, 19
law, 10
Leeds, 28 Pakistani, 15
Leicester, 7 Pakistani British, 15
Leicester Mercury, 14, 26, 28, 30 PCC, see Press Complaints
Living Together, 26–7 Commission
London, 7 Pentecostalists, 34
Poole, Dr Elizabeth, 9
Maimonides Foundation, 50 Press Association, 25
Manchester, 7 Press Complaints Commission
marriage, 21, 24, 36–7 (PCC), 11, 22, 47
Media Trust, 8, 25, 47 Press Complaints Commission
Mediawise, 48 code, 8–9, 11–12, 17, 20
Methodists, 34 Preston Muslim Media Committee,
migrant, economic, 15 27
mixed race, 15
Mohammedan, 19 Qur’an, 19, 20
Moslem, 19
mulatto, 15 Race in Media awards, 29
Muslim, 7, 9, 11, 19, 26, 27, 33 Race Relations Act 1976, 10, 47
Muslim Council of Britain, 50 Race Relations Amendment Act
Musselman, 19 2000, 10
racist groups, 25, 27
namakarna, 33 Ramadan, 24, 35, 45
National Asylum Support Service, 48 Reeves, Marc, 26, 30
National Council of Hindu Refugee Action, 48
Temples, 49 Refugee Convention 1951, 17, 18
National Health Service, 15, 21 Refugee Council, 48
National Newspaper Diversity refugees, 10, 16, 17
Index 55
religions, 7–9, 11–12, 20, 23, 32–46 Zoroastrian Trust Funds for
Religions for Peace UK, 50 Europe, 50
Roma refugees, 21 Zoroastrians, 7
Roma/Romany Gypsies, 15
Roman Catholic Church, 49
Runnymede Trust, 47
Sabbath, 20, 41
Scottish Inter Faith Council, 50
Shabbat, see Sabbath
Sharon, Ariel, 11
Sikhism, 33–4, 35, 36, 38, 41–2,
43–4, 45
Sikhs, 7
Society of Editors, 10, 28, 29, 32, 47
Southwark Alliance, 32
statistics, 21
stereotyping, 20
Stoke Sentinel, 25
Sun, 30
taboos, 23
television, 9, 14
terrorism, 11, 21
Three Faiths Forum, 50
The Times, 30
Tolerance Ltd, 51
Travellers, 15, 17–18, 19
Trinity Mirror, 26
Index 56