History of Architecture 01

Batch
Bataal

by Arch. Arnold Datu

Review Committee

Name:_____________________________________________

36 questions : 60 minutes

Group:____________________________________________
Rejecting the typical notion of a pavilion as an object in a plaza, the China Pavilion for the 2015 Milan
Expo is instead conceived as a field of spaces. Designed as a cloud hovering over a field of hope,
the pavilion is experienced as a sheltered public plaza beneath a floating roof that incorporates the
buildings cultural and exhibition programs. The roofs distinctive profile creates an iconic image for
the project and will foster a unique presence within the Expo grounds.
The project embodies this theme through an undulating roof form, which is derived by merging the
profile of a city skyline on the buildings north side with the profile of a landscape on the southern
side, expressing the idea that hope can be realized when nature and the city exist in harmony. The
Pavilions floating roof is designed as a timber structure that references the raised-beam system
found in traditional Chinese architecture, but is adapted to accommodate modern construction
technology. The roof is clad in shingled panels that reference traditional Chinese terra-cotta roof
construction, but are reinterpreted as large bamboo panels that reduce structural weight, create a
shaded public space below, and further enhance the Pavilions unique silhouette.
Questions:
1. What is the theme of the China Pavilion at the 2015 Milan Expo?
a. Energy for Life
b. Land of Hope

c. Hope
d. Green Pavilion

2. What is the name of this project?

a. Between Landscape and City
b. Milan Expo

c. Link Arc
d. House Pavilion

3. Studio Link-Arc and partners at Tsinghua University were the architects of this Chinese
Pavilion who won in the competition; the theme of this pavilion is centered on the idea of
what?
a. Hope can be realized when nature and the city exist in harmony
b. Hope for the betterment of the people of china
c. Land exist in response to peoples hope
d. Hopeless never exist

Pritzker Prize will be announced on Monday, March 24 2014. This prize architectures most
prestigious has been awarded annually since 1979.
The Pritzker Architecture Prize was established in 1979 for the purpose of encouraging greater
awareness of the way people perceive and interact with their surroundings. Past winners include
Philip Johnson, Zaha Hadid, Rem Koolhaas, Oscar Niemeyer and Norman Foster.

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History of Architecture 01

Batch
Bataal

by Arch. Arnold Datu

Review Committee

Questions:
4. Who is the first recipient of this award whose work demonstrates a combination of the
qualities of talent, vision and commitment that has produced consistent and significant
contributions to humanity and environment? One of his famous designs was the Glass
House.
a. Philip Johnson
b. I.M. Pei
c. Frank Gehry
d. Wang Shu
5. Throughout his career, He has been able to produce a body of work that combines
conceptual innovation with superbly executed buildings. He was the 2013 Pritzker
Architecture Prize Laureate.
a. Wang Shu
b. Zaha Hadid

c. Norman Foster
d. Toyo Ito

6. Tadao Ando design concepts and materials have linked international Modernism to the
Japanese tradition of aesthetics. His dedication and understanding of the importance of
craftsmanship have earned him the appellation of builder as well as architect. Which of his
work shows when he said In all my works, light is an important controlling factor and I
create enclosed spaces mainly by means of thick concrete walls.
a. Vitra Fire Station
b. Church on the Water

c. Ningbo Tengtou Pavilion

d. Tjibaou Cultural Centre

How did the world's great buildings evolve? Let's trace the history of architecture in the Western
world, beginning with the first known structures made by humans up to the soaring skyscrapers of
the modern era.
This quick review illustrates how each new movement builds on the one before. Although our
timeline lists dates, historic periods do not start and stop at precise points on a calendar. Periods
and styles flow together, sometimes merging contradictory ideas, sometimes inventing new
approaches, and often re-awakening and re-inventing older movements.
Questions:
7. From the following History of Architecture Era, which came first?
a. Byzantine
b. Islamic

c. Early Christian
d. Romanesque

8. Which of the following is NOT correct in History Architecture sequence?

a. Pre-Historic, Near East, Egyptian, Greek
b. Islamic, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance
c. Gothic, Rococo, Revival, Baroque
d. Neoclassicism, Art Nouveau, Art Deco, Modernist Style

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History of Architecture 01

Batch
Bataal

by Arch. Arnold Datu

Review Committee

The Sumerians were the first society to create the city itself as a built form. The construction of cities
was the end product of trends which began in the Neolithic Revolution. The growth of the city was
partly planned and partly organic. Planning is evident in the walls, high temple district, main canal
with harbor, and main street. The finer structure of residential and commercial spaces is the reaction
of economic forces to the spatial limits imposed by the planned areas resulting in an irregular design
with regular features.
Questions:
9. Evolution of architecture is always connected to civilization. Which is considered the cradle
of civilization?
a. Egypt
b. Mesopotamia

c. Greece
d. England

10. Courtyard house was the predominant typology, which has been used in Mesopotamia to
the present day. This house faced inward toward an open courtyard, called tarbasu. It was
the primary organizing feature of the house, all rooms opened into it. What was the main
function of their open courtyard
a. Provide scenic views
b. Garden and playgrounds

c. For shading and exits

d. provide a cooling effect

11. The residential areas were grouped by profession. The construction of cities was the end
product of trends which began in the Neolithic Revolution. The growth of the city was partly
planned and partly organic. What can you find at the core of the city?
a. A big fountain surrounding gardens.
b. High temple complex.

c. Mesopotamian houses.
d. Park and playgrounds.

The Nile valley has been the site of one of the most influential civilizations which developed a vast
array of diverse structures encompassing ancient Egyptian architecture. The architectural
monuments, which include the Great Pyramid of Giza and the Great Sphinx of Giza, are among the
largest and most famous.
Questions:
12. Which Temples is used to worship in honor of pharaohs?
a. Mortuary Temples
b. Cult Temples
c. Rock-cut Tombs
d. None of the above
13. Which Temples is used to worship in honor of god?
a. Mortuary Temples
b. Cult Temples
c. Rock-cut Tombs
d. None of the above

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"If you do not hope, you will not find what is beyond your hopes."

History of Architecture 01

Batch
Bataal

by Arch. Arnold Datu

Review Committee

In architecture, intercolumniation is the spacing between columns in a colonnade, as measured at

the bottom of their shafts. It is the clear space between the column of a series. In classical,
Renaissance, and Baroque architecture, intercolumniation was determined by a system devised by
the 1st century BC Roman architect Vitruvius. Vitruvius compiled standard intercolumniations for
the three classical Greek orders, expressed in terms of the column diameter, twice the Vitruvian
module, and he warned that when columns are placed three column-diameters apart or more, stone
architraves break.
Problem:
Parthenon, an Octastyle Doric temple, housed the statue of Athena Parthenons sculpted by Phidias.
It has seventeen columns at each sides that includes the outermost column at the front and at the
back. The Doric columns measured 6.2ft in diameter and are 34.1 ft high.
Questions:
14. What is the column diameter of Parthenon Temple?
a. 1.9 m
b. 10.4 m

c. 4.10 meters
d. 9.10 meter

15. What is the column diameter of Parthenon Temple?

a. 9.10 m
b. 4.10 m

c. 10.4 meters
d. 1.9 meter

16. Using Systyle intercolumniation, what will be the clear space between the columns of the
temple?
a. 3.80 m
b. 8.00 m

c. 0.30 meters
d. 2 meter

17. What is the standard intercolumniation of Systyle?

a. 2 D
b. 1.5 D

c. 3 D
d. 4 D

18. What is the total distance of column at the front of the temple from first to last column
using systyle intercolumniation?
a. 41.80 m
b. 80.41 m

c. 15.2 m
d. 1.9 m

19. What is the total distance of column at the side of the temple from first to last column using
systyle intercolumniation?
a. 93.10 mm
b. 93.10 m

c. 103.10 mm
d. 103.10 m

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History of Architecture 01

Batch
Bataal

by Arch. Arnold Datu

Review Committee

The Romans adopted the columnar and trabeated style of the Greeks and developed also the arch,
vault, and dome of the Etruscans. This combined use of column, beam, and arch is the keynote of
the Roman style in its earliest stages. The Colosseum, Rome, everywhere throughout its structure,
displays these two features in combination, for piers strengthened and faced by attached halfcolumns support arches, which in their turn carry the entablature. In works of an engineering
character, such as aqueducts, the arch was supported on piers without the facing column. Thus the
Orders of architecture which, as used by the Greeks, were essentially constructive were frequently
employed by the Romans as decorative features which could be omitted and even at times lost their
original use, although the Romans also used them constructively in temple colonnades and basilicas.
Questions:
20. The character of Roman architecture depended largely on the extended use of vaulting
inherited from the Etruscans and standardized as a structural system. Concrete vaults were
erected which were never equalled in magnitude till the introduction of steel for building in
the nineteenth century. What do you call the lines of intersection of these vaults which was
formed by the intersection of two semi-circular vaults of equal span, was used over a square
apartment and the pressure was taken by the four angles?
a. cross-vault
b. groins

c. barrel vault
d. voussoir

21. It was the significant features of Romanesque Architecture which was highly influenced by
the Romans cross vault and developed the arrangement of quadripartite vault?
a. The used of compound dome in their Basilicas to emphasize interior vaulting.
b. Introduction and general use of the pointed arch and vault.
c. Further developed of trusses, king and queen post in their Basilican Churches.
d. Rib and panel vaulting, in which a framework of ribs supported thin stones.

The architectural term " Gothic " was employed by Sir Christopher Wren in the seventeenth century
as a term of reproach for this style of architecture, which had departed from those Classic lines
which he was instrumental in re-establishing in this country. This term is now, by common consent,
given to the Medieval architecture of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries in Europe.
The Gothic of the thirteenth century throughout Europe was slowly evolved from Romanesque
architecture and is mainly distinguished by the introduction and general use of the pointed arch,
whose original home was probably Assyria. This feature, in conjunction with buttresses and lofty
pinnacles, gives to the style the aspiring tendency which has been regarded as symbolic of the
religious aspirations of the period.
Questions:
22. Which of the following group were NOT the best characteristic features of Gothic
Architecture?
a. Pointed Arch, Tall thin columns, Stained glass, Tracery windows, Spires & Pinnacles,
Flying buttress.
b. Pointed Arch, Spires & Pinnacles, Stained glass, Flying buttress, Tracery windows, Rib
and panel vaulting.
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History of Architecture 01

Batch
Bataal

by Arch. Arnold Datu

Review Committee

c. Stained glass, Flying buttress, Spires & Pinnacles, Pointed Arch and dome, Tracery
windows, Rib and panel vaulting.
d. Stained glass, Pointed Arch, tracery windows, Spires & Pinnacles, Flying buttress.
23. One of the features of Gothic Architecture intricate use of tracery windows. Tracery are
ornamental work of branchlike lines especially the lacy openwork in the upper part of a
Gothic window. What was the material used in making the tracery of Gothic window?
a. Molded timber
b. Carved timber

c. Molded or cut stones

d. Stained glass

These are the concepts, in the words of the study itself, used to develop the building: "We started
our project with a total study site that is implanted in the factory. Our intention was to deploy
elements of the project so that would not be lost among the huge sheds of the ships that make up
the factory. We also use these elements to structure the entire site, giving identity and rhythm to
the main street that runs through the complex. "
It was conceived as a longitudinal garden, as if it were the artificial extension of the linear patterns of
the adjacent farmland and vineyards.
Questions:
24. This was the first international design work of this architect which demonstrate the
technique of mixing polygons with triangular structures, getting a sense of movement.
a. Farnsworth
b. Glass House

c. Vitra Fire Station

d. Kaufmann House

25. Who is this famous architect and also received the Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2004?
a. Mies Van Der Rohe
b. Philip Johnson

c. Zaha Hadid
d. Frank Lloyd Wright

He was born August 15, 1928 in Silay City, Negros Occidental, a grandson of the first governor of the
province. He later studied at the De La Salle Brothers in 1935 before returning to Negros due to the
Second World War. He returned to Manila to study Pre-Law, before shifting to pursue a Bachelor's
Degree in Music at the University of Santo Tomas. Although he was a talented pianist, he later
shifted again to Architecture, just a year before graduating. He was married to Cecilia Yulo, to which
he had two children, one of whom is also an architect. He was a Filipino architect, artist, and interior
designer, known for his use of concrete, floating volume and simplistic design in his various projects.
Questions:
26. What was his largest single work in the field of architecture?
a. SM Mall of Asia
b. San Miguel Building, Ortigas
c. Manila City Hall
d. Istana Burul Iman

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History of Architecture 01

Batch
Bataal

by Arch. Arnold Datu

Review Committee

27. In his visit to the United States, he met some of his influences, Paul Rudolph and Eero
Saarinen. It was then he realized to use concrete, which was relatively cheap in the
Philippines and easy to form, for his buildings.
a. Francisco Manosa
b. Leandro Locsin

c. Antonio Toledo
d. Juan Nakpil

28. It is a traditional house that was called binangiyan. It was a single room dwelling elevated at
1.50 m. from the ground; the floors were made of hard wood like narra which rested on 3
floor joist which in turn were supported by transverse girders?
a. Kankanay
b. Badjao

c. Bontoc
d. Kalinga

29. A church built for all times after previous churches were damaged by earthquakes in 1863
and 1880. What is the name of this church which is the gothic church in the Philippines?
a. San Augustine Church
b. San Sebastian Church

c. Paoay Church
d. Daraga Church

30. Systematically and efficiently Christianized most of the part of the country and introduced
European institution and thought; economically linked Manila with Mexico and the rest of
the world via the Spanish Galleon Trade. Without a doubt, Spanish had influenced our
culture and even architecture in the Philippines. What do you call the style brought by
Spanish friar architects?
a. Philippine Baroque
b. Art Noveau

c. Jugendstil
d. Renaissance

Architecture is a special profession compare to other relative professions. Architect can visualize
his/her design through sketches and able to interpret this design into reality. In the history of
architecture, illustration of buildings helps you to visualize and imagine without memorizing each
building names.
In a SIMPLE sketch, illustrate the following: (1 point each)

31. Minaret
Minaret is a distinctive architectural feature of Islamic mosques, generally a tall spire with an onionshaped or conical crown, usually either free standing or taller than any associated support structure.

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History of Architecture 01

Batch
Bataal

by Arch. Arnold Datu

Review Committee

32. Mihrab
Mihrab is semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla; that is, the direction of
the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the direction that Muslims should face when praying.

33. Japanese Pagoda

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History of Architecture 01

Batch
Bataal

by Arch. Arnold Datu

Review Committee

The pagoda was introduced to Japan from China, and was influenced by the Indian stupa.
The square shape symbolizes the earth. The center column is considered the "axle of the world" and
the spire on top of the structure represents Buddha as master of the universe. Each level represents
one of the five elements: wind, water, earth, fire and sky.
34. Seagram Building
The structure was designed by German architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

35. Ronchamp
The chapel of Notre Dame du Haut, designed by Le Corbusier, is located in Ronchamp.

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History of Architecture 01

Batch
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by Arch. Arnold Datu

Review Committee

36. Pai-lou
A monumental Chinese arch or gateway with one, three, or five openings; erected at the entrance to
a palace, tomb, or processional way. Usually built of stone in imitation of wood construction.

__________________________________________________________________________________
God Bless and Good Luck!

"Try not to become a man of success but a man of value."

Albert Einstein

Checked By:__________________

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