Joel Cumber

Lisa McKay
Composition & Rhetoric
November 21 2013
Annotated Bibliography
1)Morgan, Mandy. "Toddlers and Tears: The sexualization of young girls." DeseretNews.com. N.p., n.d.
Web. 18 Nov. 2013. <http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865567072/Toddlers-and-Tears-Thesexualization-of-young-girls.html?pg=all>.

This informative article deals with the sexualization of younger girls on a larger scale, rather
than just focusing on the pageantry side of it. It connects sexualization with the self-esteem and
development of confidence in younger girls. The sexualization of girls is becoming more
frequent and also affecting girls as young as 3 years old. Women have always had a fascination
with looking good and have obsessed over body image, but now media is targeting young girls.
A company in France even has lingerie-type clothing for 3 month old babies. Shows like
Toddlers and Tiaras, and Dance Moms all have a huge affect on younger girls, as the stars of the
shows are the same age. This article also features some stats about the self-esteem of young
girls and pageant girls.

2) Sandberg, Erica. "Toddlers, tiaras -- and debt: the costs of child beauty pageants." CreditCardscom
News. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Nov. 2013. <http://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/toddlerstiaras-beauty-pageants-debt-costs-1278.php>.

There are two kinds of child beauty pageants: glitz pageants and natural pageants. The most
well-known and more expensive of the 2 is the glitz pageant, which features elaborate
costumes, makeup and accesories. Entry fees for glitz pageants can go from $50 to $500.
Families also pay for photos, coachings and travel. Doing a glitz pageant 6 times a year can cost

up to $15000. Natural pageants cost much less because extravagent costuming and make up is
not used, and entrance fees are generally smaller.

3) Nussbaum, Kareen . "Children and Beauty Pageants." Michele Polak. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2013.
<http://www.michelepolak.com/3099spring13/Weekly_Schedule_files/Nussbaum.pdf>.

Beauty pageants began in the United States during the turbulent time of the 1920's, but pageants
for children, specifically younger girls, did not begin until the 1960's. The girls are judged on
look, personality, poise and perfection. Judges call this combination of attributes 'the complete
package'. According to the law, there is no rule that says how a pageant should be ran. It is all
up to the promoter. Pageant girls are not considered working children because they are
competing for money.

4) Unicef. "Early Gender Socialization." Unicef.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. <Organization,
UNICEF. "Early Childhood." UNICEF. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2013. .>.

Gender socialization is the process of learning the societal expectations of your specific gender.
This can be learned through the media, parents, peers, surroundings. From the beginning of life,
girls are taught to be completely different from boys. Girls are taught from an early age what is
feminine and this is reinforced through many aspects of life.

5) Cromie, William J. "Beauty Pageants Draw Children & Criticism." Coroflot.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 21
Nov. 2013.

Contests like beauty pageants are pushing younger girls to act older than they actually are,
making what they are doing onstage completely inappropriate. What beauty pageants teach
them is that their physical beauty is the most important aspect of themselves, which makes for
low self esteem. These competitions can also cause a heavy sense of narcissism and vanity
among the young female contestants.