T<ys+ 28 qe] 2015

3. Thungabhadra:
This river is a coalition of twin tributaries
of Tunga and Bhadra which originate in
Varaha hills in western ghats in Karna taka.
Tungabhadra joins Krishna river in Kurnool
district. It is the longest of all tributaries of
Krishna river.
4. Manjeera :
This originates in Maharashtra in the
Balaghat hills. It passes through Medak district in Andhra Pradesh and joins Godavari. It
is important among the tributaries in
Godavari. Its total length is 664 km.
Nizamsagar project is constructed across this
tributary.
5. Dindi :
This river orginate in Shabad hills in
Mahaboobnagar District. The river pass
through Amarabad and finally Confluece with
river Krishna at Eleswaram.
7. Paleru :
This river originated in Southern part of
Warangal District and flows through Nal
gonda and Khammam Districts and finally
reaches the river Krishna at Jaggaya pet
approximately the length of river 145 kms.
7. Munneru :
This river started from Pakala lake and finally reaches Krishna river and approximately
the length of river 198 kms.

|C
1. Winter Season :
Weather becomes cold from December and
continues to be cold till the end of February.
The districts of Hyderabad and Nizamabad
are cooler than other districts. Snow fall
occurrs during nights.
2. Summer season:
Telangana is a semi-arid area and has a predominantly hot and dry climate. Summers
start in March, and peak in May with average
high temperatures in the 42 C (108 F) range.
The average Tempera ture in summer is 27.10
degrees C. Highest average temperature of
34.50 degrees C is recorded in Ramagundam.
Heat waves blow all over the state in the second and third weeks of May. The weather at
Hyderabd in summber is cooler as it is situaed
at a higher elevation. Though it is extremely
hot during day time, it pleasanty cools down

drought. In Telangana drought occurs frequently. In Telangana, the Government

declared the following areas as drought prone
areas in these districts :
1. Mahaboobnagar :
Kalwakurthy, Nagarkurnool, Vanaparthi,
Makthal, Shadnagar, Alampur, Achampet,
Kollapur, Gudwal and Atmakur areas
2. Nalgonda :
Suryapet, Bhuvanagiri, Miryalaguda,
Huzurnagar, ramannapet, Devarakonda and
Nalgonda areas.
3. Warangal : Janagam area
4. Medak: Narayanakhed area

FORESTS
According to the estimates of National
Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), vegetation
constitutes 45 per cent of total area of state. As
per the National Policy, forests should consti-

District Rivers
Mahaboobnagar
Nizamabad
Hyderabad
Adilabad

Dindi
Manjeera
Moosi
Pranahita, Penganga,
Wardha
Karimnagar
Maneru
Warangal Munneru, Paleru, Vaira
Khammam
Munneru, Wardha
Nalgonda Moosi, Paleru,
Peddavagu, Halia,
Aleru.
Important Water Falls
Waterfall District
PocharamAdilabad
Kuntala
Adilabad
Important Riverside cities
City
River
District
Hyderabad
Moosi
Manchiryala
Godavari
Basara
Godavari
Bhadrachalam
Godavari
Nagarjuna sagar
Krishna
Alampur
Thungabhadra
Kaleshwaram
Godavari

CLIMATE
Telangana is situtaed in tropical zone from
the point of view of its latitudinal location.
The climate of our state depends on monsoons. So the climate of Telanga na is called
Tropical Mansoon type of climate. In
Telangana, an year can be divided into 4 seasons. They are:
1. Winter season - January to February
2. Summer season - March to mid-june
3. Rainy season - Mid-june to September and
(South-west monsoon)
4. North - east monsoon season
(October to December)

during nights.
3. Rainy Season (South-west Monsoon):
In Telangana rainy season commences with
the arrival of south-west monsoons in the second week of June and they spread all over the
state by the end of June. About 900-1500 mm
of rainfall in Northern region and 750-90 mm
mm in southern region of Telangana occur.
The average precipitation is 755 mm (29.7
inches).
4. Winter
A dry, mild winter starts in late November
and lasts until early February with little
humidity and average temperatures in the
2223 C (7273 F) range.
FLOODS AND DROUGHTS
When more rainfall occurs than the optimum rainfall, it is called over-rainfall. Rivers
may be flooded due to over rainfall. Rainfall
below the optimum level is referred to underrainfall. Under-rainfall, some times leads to
drought. Drought is otherwise known as
famine.
In Telangana large and small rivers,
streams, streamlets and tanks experience
floods and surroundings areas inundate due to
over-rainfall caused by monsoons, cyclones
and depressions.
Lack of rain is the prime reason for

tute 33.3% of the total geographical area. In

Telangana state, forests occupy mountainous
areas of large extent. Forests are confined to
Nallamala hills and Balaghat mountains. The
hills and their surrounding areas in Telangana
region are covered with thick forests. Districtwise the highest forest area is found in
Adilabad and the lowest in Hyderabad district. Forests are also found mostly in
Adilabad, Warangal and Karimnagar
Districts.

Types of Forests
Distribution of forest chiefly depe nds on
the rainfall distribution. Forests in Telangana
state mainly come under deciduous type of
forests. This type of forest grows in the areas
where rainfall ranges from 125 cms. to 200
cms. In areas with less than 75 cms. of rainfall, forests with short thorny trees exist. This
type of forest is called scrub forest. The chief
varieties of the trees that are gown in the
forests of our state are Teak, margosa,
Redsanders, Bamboo etc. The important varieties grown in scrub forests are Acacia,
Sundra, Bhir, Canthium etc.
Forest produce
Timber, fire-wood, bamboo, beedi leaves,
tamarind, soap nuts, lac, honey medicinal
herbs, tanning material (cassia), terminalia

and a variety of fruits and roots are available

in forests.
Russa Grass which grows in the forests of
Nizamabad is used in the manufacture of
scented oils. Bassia flowers and beedi
(Tuniki) leaves are available in the forest of
Telangana region. Tuniki leaves are being
used for making beedis. Ippapuvvu is used for
making arrack.
Wild Animals
In the forests of Telangana state,
there are many animals like varieties of birds,
snakes, stags, bisons, deer, tigers, leopards,
sambar deers, cheethas, antelo pes, mongooses, foxes, bears, etc.
National Parks
1. Kasu Brahmananda reddy National Park Hyderabad
3. Mrugavani National Park - Hyderabad
4. Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park Hyderabad
Wildlife Sanctuaries
Eturunagaram Wildlife Sanctuary and Pakhal
Wildlife Sanctuary in Warangal District
Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary and Pranahita
Wildlife Sanctuary in Adilabad district
Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary in Khamm
am district
Manjira Wildlife Sanctuary in Medak district
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve in
Nalgonda and Mahbubnagar districts and in
Andhra Pradesh
Pocharam Wildlife Sanctuary in Medak and
Nizamabad districts,
Siwaram Wildlife Sanctuary in Adilabad and
Karimnagar districts.
Pranahita Wildlife Sanctuary in Adilabad
Pakhala Wildlife Sanctuary in Warangal
Warangal Vana Vignana Kendram, Warangal
SOILS
There are three important soil types in
Telangana state. They are red soils, black cotton soils and laterite soils.
1. Black Cotton Soils :
These soils can absorb and retain water for
longer duration. Black soils are found in the
Godavari valley from Adilabad district to
Khammam district, Mahabubnagar, Nizamabad, Medak, Nalgonda, Ranga Reddy districts. Cotton is the chief crop grown these
soils. Crops like Jowar, Bajra, Korra,
Tobacco, Turmeric, Chillies, Sugar-cane,
Paddy, Plantain etc., are also grown in the irrigated areas.
2. Red Soils:
Red Soils spread over a large area of the state.
They are light and have water retaining capacity. They are very less fertile. Red Soils are
found in Telangana. Upland crops like
groundnut, horse gram etc., are gown in these
soils. In the areas where irrigation facilities
are available cotton, tobacco and various varieties of fruits are also grown in red soils. Red
soils develop generally on metamorphic
rocks.
3. Laterite Soils :
These soils are found in Zaheerabad area of
Medak district. These soils are less fertile.
mango, Cashew and tamarind trees are mainly gown in laterite soils. Turmeric and potatoes are also grown.
(To be continued)