International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]

Analysis of Proximity Coupled Microstrip

Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications
J.A Ansari, Ashish Singh

Kamakshi

Mohd. Aneesh

ashsin09@rediffmail.com
Department of Electronics & Communication, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India

S.S. Sayeed

Anurag Mishra

Sapna Verma

Department of Electronics & Communication, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India

Abstract-In this article, an analysis of dualband proximity
couple stacked microstrip patch antenna has been proposed.
The theoretical investigations of antenna parameters such as
return loss, gain and radiation pattern are calculated. It is
found that antenna resonate at two distinct modes i.e. 4.91
GHz and7.76 GHz for lower and upper resonance
frequencies respectively. The bandwidth of the proposed
antenna at lower resonance frequency is 3.23 % (theoretical)
and 4.33 %( simulated) whereas at upper resonance
frequency, it is 3.69 % (theoretical) and 5.09 %( simulated).
The frequency ratio obtained for upper to lower resonance
frequencies for theoretical and simulated results are 1.58
and 1.49 respectively. The theoretical results are compared
with IE3D simulation results and they are in close
agreement.
Key words- Proximity, Dual band, Microstrip antennas
(MSAs), Microstrip Line.
I. INTRODUCTION
With the increasing growth of wireless communication,
there is need of small antennas that are of low cost, compact in
size, exhibit high gain and dualband having wide bandwidth.
Dual band with wider bandwidth is one of attractive features
that can be utilized to meet the increasing demand for new
technologies of wireless communication. This features also
helps in increasing the use of single antenna for more the one
frequency bands. Microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) using
proximity coupling can be used to achieve dualband with wider
bandwidth applications. Proximity coupling is similar to that of
microstrip patch the only difference is that it has two or more
different dielectric substrates in which bottom of the patch has
higher dielectric constant whereas top of the patch has lower
dielectric constant. Microstripline inset feeding is provided to
antenna at bottom of the patch and top of the bottom of the
patch acts as a ground plane. Due to this proximity coupled
MSAs has lots of attractive features such as wider bandwidth
with dualband operation, low surface wave losses, low losses
from the feed in comparison with coaxial feeding and produces
linear and circular polarization.
The innovation of fabricated MSAs was firstly proposed by
Deschamp [1]. The further development of MSAs that has been
published was after more than twenty years. Thereafter, lot of
development has been done in terms of radiating structures with
different feeding technique and applications of MSAs [2-11].
The concept of MSAs with proximity coupling was firstly
proposed by James et al.[12] whereas complete detail of

proximity coupled MSAs was given by Pozar[ 13-14].

Thereafter, various research papers have been reported such as
multilayer patch antenna for dual frequency operation,
compact patch antenna for electromagnetic interaction with
human tissue at 434 MHz, application of novel cavitybacked proximity, Corrections to application of novel
reconfigurable
transmit
array
element,
isolation proximity coupled multilayer patch antenna for dual
frequency operation, meshed patch antenna for small satellite
application [15-21].
In this paper, emphasis is given on of analysis proximity
coupled stacked patch antenna utilized for dualband operation.
Obtained Theoretical results while analyses are compared with
IE3D simulation[22] results. The detail investigation of
proximity coupling stacked patch antenna design, theoretical
considerations, discussion of results along with conclusion are
discussed in next section.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
The design of the proximity coupled stacked patch antenna
is shown in Fig 1. It consists of three substrate of height H1, H2,
and H3 for lower, middle and upper layer of the substrate
respectively. The lower layer dielectric substrate (r1) is copper
cladded on both side of the substrate, bottom of this substrate act
as ground plane of dimension (Lg Wg) and on the top of the
substrate SMA connector feeding is used to microstripline of
dimension (LL WL) . The middle layer substrate (r2) is kept
over the top of the lower substrate. The top surface of the
middle layer substrate is rectangular patch 1 of dimension (L1
W1) and two parallel slots are etched on the patch1. Now, the
upper layer dielectric substrate (r3) is kept over the middle layer
substrate and the dimension of its rectangular patch 2 is (L2
W2). Fig. 2 shows the current distribution at upper and lower
resonance frequencies. At 4.9 GHz frequency single direction
current is flowing on the patch whereas 7.76 GHz frequency two
currents flow of different length and direction on the patch.

ISBN 978-1-4799-3158-3
133

Wg
Y

Patch 2(L2

W2)
Slots (S 1 and S 2)

Patch 1(L1 W1)

Microstrip Line(LL WL )

H3

.3
=3

Feeding Point

H2

r 2 1.07
H1
=
r2

Ground patch(Lg Wg)

H

.4
=4

r1

Fig 1. Geometry of proposed antenna

Lg

International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]

-5

-10
S11(dB)

Simulated
Theoretical

-15

(a)

-20

-25

Fig 3.

3.5

4.5

5.5
6
6.5
Frequency(GHz)

Fig 2. Current distribution of proposed antenna at (a) 4.9 GHz and (b) 7.76
GHz.

Fig. 4 shows the radiation patterns at lower and upper

resonance frequencies. Fig. 4(a) and (b) shows the radiation
pattern at 4.9 GHz for Etheta,Phi=0 and Etheta,Phi=90. It has 3dB
beamwidth 70.74 deg. and 83.47 deg. for Etheta,Phi=0 and
Etheta,Phi=90 respectively. Fig. 4(c) and (d) shows the radiation
pattern at 7.76 GHz for Etheta,Phi=0 and Etheta,Phi=90. It has 3dB
beamwidth 74.74 deg. with tilt angle of 63 deg. and 52.41 deg.
for Etheta,Phi=0 and Etheta,Phi=90 respectively.

(a)

(b)

Fig. 5 shows the smith chart of the proposed antenna. The

input impedeance of antennna is ploted from 1 GHz to 8.5 GHz.
Fig. 6shows the gain plot with frequency, the theoretical
and simulated gain of the antenna is in close agreement. At
lower resonance frequency 5.7 dBi(simulated) and 4.9
dBi(theortical) whereas at higher resonance frequency it is 4.7
dBi(simulated) and 4.0 dBi(theortical).

(c)

ISBN 978-1-4799-3158-3
134

7.5

8.5

Comparison between theoretical and simulated[22] result.

(b)

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Fig. 3 shows the comparison between theoretical and
simulated for proposed antenna. It is observed that antenna
result is in close agreement with theoretical and simulated
results. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna at lower
resonance frequency is 3.23 % (theoretical) and 4.33 %(
simulated) whereas at upper resonance frequency, it is 3.69 %
(theoretical) and 5.09 %( simulated).

International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]

4.9/7.76 GHz. The proposed antennas can be utilized in various

aerospace and wireless applications.

REFERENCES
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[2]

[3]
(d)
Fig 4.

Radiation characteristics of antenna 4 at x-y axis (a) 4.9 GHz (b)

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Fig 5.

Calculated input impedance of the proposed antenna.

[9]

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3.5

Fig 6.

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6
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IV. CONCLUSION
The investigation of proximity coupling stacked patch antenna
has been carried out. The theoretical and simulated results are in
close agreement for the proposed patch antenna. On stacking the
proximity coupled patch antenna, the dualband is achieved at

ISBN 978-1-4799-3158-3
135

[14]

[15]

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International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]

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