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AMERICA IN CLOSE UP
by E. Fielder, R. Jansen, M. Norman-Rick
2-
2009
0
AMERICA IN CLOSE UP
by E. Fielder, R. Jansen, M. Norman-Rick
2-
2009
2
Content
:
Unit 1 . .. ,
Unit 2 . .. ,
Unit 6 . .. ,
Unit 9 . .. ,
Unit 11 . .. ,
Unit 15 . ..
:
. 1
..
:
..
1.
2 6.11.2008.
, 2009
4
2- .
America In
Close-up, , ,
.
.
.
4
,
.
,
. :
(completion);
(expansion)
, , ,
..;
(gap-filling),
, - ;
(matching);
(rephrasing),
;
- (true-false statements), ;
6
(presentation);
(comprehension questions) .
: Unit 1, Unit 2, Unit 6
; Unit 9, Unit 11, Unit 15 ;
3040 .
America In Close-up.
..
Unit 1
The Making of a Nation
Part A (pp.1317)
(p.13)
(p.14)
(p.14)
, (p.14)
(p.14)
, (p.15)
(p.15)
(p.15)
(p.15)
( )
(p.15)
(p.15)
(p.16)
Teutonic (p.15)
flood of immigration (p.15)
at an astonishing rate (p.15)
old stock Americans (p.15)
be willing to do sth (p.15)
halt (p.15)
practise ethnic traditions (p.15)
refugee (p.15)
upheaval (p.15)
show a drive to do sth (p.15)
eviction (p.16)
8
1) set up (p.13);
2 )wipe out (p.14);
3) set apart (p.15);
4) quota (p.15);
5) fit in (p.16);
6) point out (p.16);
7) shun (p.16);
refugee
over-
be willing
wipe out
point out
treaty
starvation
shun
flee
halt
3. The UK fishing fleet is likely to reach its annual after only six
months.
4. They all forms of luxury.
5. Your argument is based on a completely false .
6. Thousands of have entered the camps along the borders in recent
days.
7. Police caught up with one of the gang, but the other three .
8. He the best beaches on the map.
9. Increased interest rates should inflation.
10. I to accept every item on the list.
11. We the kitchen with the others.
12. voted against his proposal.
13. A serious blight on the potato crop sent hundreds of thousands of
Irish people to the US to escape .
14. He had no difficulty in persuading parliament to approve the .
15. The search overnight, then resumed early Thursday morning.
Exercise7. Paraphrase the following sentences.
1. These results will enable us at least to communicate a sense of
progress.
2. Intermarrige between ethnic groups usually worked against any
strong feeling towards reestablishing the ethnic identity.
3. Maya has been going through a period of a sudden and violent emotional change.
4. He didnt belong to her plans, so she left him.
5. It is our duty to end any abuses of political power.
6. They have continued to follow a policy of repression.
7. Stories of the New Worlds gold attracted the first Spanish explorers, who established remote small towns in what is now Florida.
8. During this period the United States received the greatest number of
immigrants ever.
9. Many old stock Americans noticed with alarm that the ethnic composition of the country was changing.
10. Officials have been refused the right to go to the two camps.
11
Unit 2
(p. 25)
(p. 25)
(p. 26)
(p. 26)
(p. 26)
(p. 27)
(p. 27)
(p. 27)
(p. 28)
(p. 28)
, (p. 29)
(p. 29)
12
13
4) intuitive recognition; action by which the mind refers its sensations to external object as cause (p. 25);
5) made holy by religious association (p. 26);
6) having rough uneven surface; unsoftened; unpolished; involving
hardship (p. 26);
7) come up out of a liquid; come into view; come out; become known
as result of inquiry or trial (p. 26);
8) gain the mastery, be victorious; be more prominent, predominate
(p. 27);
9) confine, bound, limit (p. 28);
10) keep, follow, adhere to, perform duly; perceive, mark, watch, take notice of, become conscious of; say, esp. by way of comment; make
remark(s) (p. 29);
14
15
3. The inconsistency of black slavery in a society supposedly dedicated to freedom and equality plagued the nation from the very beginning
and was not resolved until the Civil War.
4. They encouraged individuals to trust in themselves and their own
consciences and to revolt against routine and habitual paths of conduct.
5. The idealization of the self-reliant individual translated itself in the
industrial age into the celebration of the small businessman who became
a financial success on his own.
6. Right to work laws, which discourage union activity, are defended on the grounds that they protect the independence of the individual
worker.
7. Volunteerism means people helping people through privatelyinitiated, rather than government-sponsored, agencies.
8. When a high school football team requires money for uniforms,
parents and students form an athletic association which organizes car
washes and bake sale to raise money for uniforms.
9. Some tobacco lands began to be exhausted and abandoned before
the end of the eighteenth century, and cotton lands were also abandoned
when their fertility was used up.
10. A further consequence of Americans mobility is that they develop relatively little attachment to place.
11. It teaches Americans to believe that contentment can be reached
through the virtues of thrift, hard work, family loyalty, and faith in the
free enterprise system.
4. What is the attitude towards individual proprietorship in the American society? (be extolled as the ideal).
5. Can you explain what the can-do spirit means? (do-it-yourselfers, time-saving, how-to books, self-service opportunities).
6. Who are volunteers? (highly motivated workers, solve a problem,
pervasive).
7. Name the functions of volunteer fund-raising groups (help the
needy, hold clothing drives, money-rising dinners).
8. What does volunteerism reflect? (work out practical solutions).
9. What is the result of the psychology of abundance? (take for granted,
alluring, be gradually depleted, be exhausted and abandoned, fertility, be
hunted to near extinction).
10. Why is the problem of Americas Mountain West so urgent? (the
least populated region, be tapped, suffer from a severe water shortage).
11. Explain the meaning of the expression make a fresh start (mobility,
share the assumption, practical solution to a problem, a sign of aimlessness,
make the arduous journey, attachment to place).
12. How do you understand the sense of national identity? (observe,
the prevalence of patriotic symbols, sporting event, to this extent).
13. How is progress personally measured in America? (succeeding generation, ancestors, suffer poverty and alienation, make sacrifices, pass the values to their children).
14. Why does the term American Dream elude precise definition?
(rags-to-riches stories, the virtues of thrift, hard work, family loyalty).
15. Why has there been increasing disparity of opinion about Americans values and national goals? (jolt the country, the mainstream values, hold society together, collapse, see a return to smth, a renewal of
national pride).
Exercise 7. Fill in the gaps with the words and phrases from the list.
Change the form if required.
correspond to reality
in the spirit of individualism
survival in the wilderness
diversity
sacred
rugged
argue for more individual self-reliance
2. ,
, , .
3. , ,
.
4. , , ,
.
5. ,
,
.
6. , ,
,
.
7. .
8. , .
19
Unit 6
Part A (pp.97102)
parole
a constitution
the Supreme Court
(p.97)
(p.97)
(p.97)
(p.99)
(p.99)
-
(p.99)
20
to break;
to set up;
to make different;
when all else has failed;
well-known unfavourably;
a part of a city; a slum area occupied by a minority group;
to take a general view;
to understand, to perceive;
to take hold forcibly or suddenly
to advise professionally;
to remove from consideration;
compulsory.
5. Crime-stopping and crime prevention are formidable tasks for law enforcement officials, since the social problems which aggravate violence
poverty, unemployment, and unstable families are likely to persist.
6. Even sophisticated rapid-fire combat weapons are available.
1. How do Americans treat the law? (to hold attention, to be accustommed to, to treat)
2. What do Americans claims for justice rest on? What are the basic
rights and freedoms of Americans? (provisions, amendments, to assemble
in public, to be judged in, speedy trial)
3. What did the Constitution of 1787 establish? (a separate branch,
final interpreter)
4. What is the final interpreter of the Constitution?
5. What is the Constitution of the USA? t (to frame, put into effect)
6. What is the power of each state? What other courts are there in
each state? Are state laws similar or quite different? to establish, county
courts, minimum age, to vary)
22
23
25. What are formidable tasks for law enforcement officials? Why?
(crime prevention, to aggravate smth., unstable families, accessibility of
handguns, to complicate)
26. What are the ways of relieving overcrowding of prisons? (to accommodate the number of inmates, parole, to expire)
27. What is the result of getting tough with criminals in some states?
(fill up facilities)
28. How do lawmakers feel about gun control? (to curb, rapid-fire
combat weapon,)
29. How do citizens feel about gun control? (to require background
checks on, a criminal record to ban sale, law-abiding citizens)
30. What ways do Americans look for to protect their individual
rights, to protect themselves from attacks and burglaries? Give examples.
(to defend, to be victimized, to be acquitted of minor charge)
10. .
11.
.
25
Unit 9
The Political System
Part A (pp.142151)
Exercise 1. Suggest English equivalents of the following expressions
and reproduce the situations in which they are used.
(. 142)
=
(. 143)
(. 143)
, (. 143)
(. 144)
(. 145)
/
(. 145)
(. 145)
(. 146)
(. 149)
( . 149)
(. 152)
(. 152)
(. 153)
( .153)
, ,
(. 153)
,
(.154)
-
(. 155)
(. 156)
(. 159)
26
a conference committee
(p. 144)
29
20. What are the factors that contribute to low voter turnout? (lose interest; elections are held on; voters choice is limited; the outcome of the
election)
Exercise 6. Match the words and word combinations with their definitions and use them in the sentences of your own.
1. The act of obtaining money or advantage
through the dishonest use of political power
and influence
A. advocate
B. graft
C. usurp
E. arduous
F. inherent
G. mediocrity
Exercise 7. Complete the sentences with one of the following appropriate words:
rigours, turncoat, a tie, to imbue, usurp, injunction, exert, mettle,
graft, vexing, nuts& bolts, inherent, to sway, vague
30
1. .
2. .
3. , , , , .
4. ,
.
31
5. .
6. .
7. , , , .
8. ,
, ,
, .
9. , , . ,
.
10. , ,
.
32
Unit 11
Education
Part A (pp.188192)
(.188)
(. 188)
(.188)
; (.188)
(.188)
(.188)
(.189)
(.190)
33
1.
.
2. , 12
, ,
.
3. , , , , , , .
4. , ,
, , .
5. , .
6. ,
,
.
7.
.
8. - ,
,
, .
9. .
10.
, ,
, , , ..
34
35
to speed up (p.191)
compulsory (p.191)
illiterate (p.192)
to sacrifice (p.192)
Exercise 7. Fill in the gaps with words and phrases from the list.
Change the form if required.
rigorous
enroll
tuition compulsory
eliminate
board of education
penmanship
lax
to
from for
up
36
7. the end of the spectrum are less desirable institutions, which accept any high school graduate.
8. Public schools receive the bulk of their funds local property taxes.
9. the first major contribution of federal aid education was in 1965.
10. Another measure introduced to speed integration was compulsory bussing.
37
Unit 15
The Media
Part A (pp.261265)
(p.261)
(p.261)
(p.261)
(p.261)
(p.261)
(p.262)
(p.262)
(p.263)
(p.263)
(p.263)
(p.263)
(p.263)
(p.264)
(p.264)
(p.265)
(p.261)
(p.261)
(p.261)
(p.262)
,
,
-
,
(p.262)
(p.262)
(p.263)
(p.263)
(p.264)
(p.264)
(p.264)
(p.264)
(p.264)
(p.265)
(p.265)
(p.261)
(p.261)
(p.261)
39
to comprise
detachment
editorial (pages)
controversy
to be intent on doing smth
(p.262)
(p.263)
(p.263)
(p.264)
(p.264)
10. Viewers whose tastes are not satisfied by the many offerings of
network and local programs are now increasing their options by subscribing to cable televisions.
Exercise 6. Fill in the gaps with words and phrases from the list.
Change the form if required.
wide diversification of programming
subscribe to cable television
suburban readers
disclose classified information
encourage consumption of products and services
readership levels
rank TV program
resignation of the president
satellite dish
within ones rights
pursue investigative reporting
be responsible to the audience demands
drive out of business
decline in competition
win high audience ratings
cease publication
1. The new program helped the channel .
2. The policy pursued by all TV stations always .
3. A lot of people do not want because they are not sure they can
find interesting programs there.
4. Everyone in America is to either watch television day and night
or pretend he does not.
5. This radio broadcasting station cannot provide for because
grants from foundations have been dramatically reduced in size.
6. It is almost impossible to make a newspaper .
7. A is now an attribute of every tenth family in the city.
41
42
3. Why must most newspapers, radio and TV networks be responsible to their audiences demands? (cultural significance; to influence voters; to encourage consumption of products)
4. Why are readership levels in the USA not as high as they once
were? (to cope with competition; the trend of urban populations of moving to the suburbs)
5. What makes most suburban readers prefer to get serious news
from TV but not newspapers? (to rank television as the most believable
source of news; to be a restless TV prisoner)
6. Why is television ranked as the most believable news source in the
USA? (buying programs from independent TV companies; wide diversification of programming)
7. What is the meaning of the words the journalism of sight and
sound? (a new form of journalism; a universal medium; a one-way street)
8. Why are life-style and home-living sections often added to
many suburban newspapers? (to meet the public demand; to make newspapers more like magazines)
9. What is the result of concentrating media operations in the hands
of just a few publishers and corporations? (a dramatic decline in competition; to drive out of business; to be under chain or group control)
10. Why are some cities called one-owner towns? (competing
newspapers; to have a single publisher)
11. How can news monopoly increase the chance that the public
may be misinformed? (conglomeration; to counterbalance errors; questions of objectivity)
12. Who do we call chain publishers? (to own newspapers all over
the country; to comprise daily newspaper circulation)
13. Why is opinion excluded from news columns and where is it
presented? (a rigorous separation of fact from opinion; to be presented
on separate editorial pages)
14. How is objectivity tried to be preserved by monopoly newspapers? (objectivity and detachment; example with the Washington Post in
1976)
15. What does the First Amendment to the American Constitution
state? Give examples of court battles provoked by the controversy over
the role of the media. (to abridge the freedom of the press; to disclose
classified information; to pursue investigative reporting; to transgress
the bounds of journalism)
16. Whose money is the American broadcasting system supported
by? (congressional appropriations; grants from foundations; contributions from viewers; advertising)
17. What helps the three major networks, ABC, CBS and NBC win
high audience ratings? (to be affiliated with; to sell programs to distribution companies all over the country)
18. What are the advantages of cable television? (to increase the
number of programs; specialized programs; to program 40 different
channels)
19. Why was family viewing time from 7 to 9 oclock in the evening introduced in the USA? (to debate over a link between violence on
TV and in society; to protest against sexual suggestiveness on TV; religious right)
20. What may different groups of TV viewers lobby? (a better standard of childrens TV; to object to explicit language and immorality on
the TV screen)
21. Which format of TV entertainment is the most popular in America? Why? (an entertainment-oriented medium; to be opposed to news,
information, education, instruction; to prefer situation comedies, movies,
sports programs, police dramas, shows)
22. What is the future of print and electronic media? (TV as the third
parent; to affect the times; TV is destroying everything conversation,
the habit of reading, etc.)
44
45
3. Some established metropolitan newspapers have lost their readership new weekly suburban newspapers.
4. A lot of local newspaper publishers are driven business by
larger competitors.
5. Most newspapers rely heavily wire copies from the two major
news services, the Associated Press (AP) and the United Press International (UPI).
6. Newspapers around the country and, significantly, television news
programs take a lead the Times.
7. The American press, especially in recent decades, has insisted
objectivity and detachment in news reports.
8. Some programs, often educational or cultural, appeal a highly
selective audience.
9. More and more radio and television broadcasting stations provide
wide diversification in programming.
10. Most commercial television stations are affiliated one of the
three major networks, ABC, CBS, and NBC.
11. Programs that aim mass entertainment are preferred over educational and news programs.
12. Critics charge that networks often emphasize the personalities of
newscasters the expense of issues of public importance.
13. A lot of viewers have a chance to increase their program potions
subscribing cable television.
14. Conventional television has to struggle to retain its audience as
people switch to cable viewing, satellite TV or renting video cassettes.
15. During hours of family viewing time adult programs containing
violence and sexual suggestiveness are kept a minimum.
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AMERICA IN CLOSE UP
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25.01.09. 6084/16.
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