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5 -GATCCA-3
Direction of DNA polymerase III on this strand fragment (right
or left) ? DNA synthesis complementary making and moving.
What is the sequence of the leading template strand ?
Base pair complement
What is the sequence of the corresponding Okazaki fragment ?
Complementary strand directions
RNA has a
sugar-phosphate backbone
(phosphodiester bonds).
The ribose has a OH on
the 2 carbon.
RNA is single stranded.
RNA is has 5 to 3
polarity like DNA.
(1)
Gene information
genes (a) Messenger mRNA is the protein encoding transcript of a
gene (90% of known genes, 1% of RNA in humans)
(2)
Functional RNA- may have catalytic properties
genes ? (b) Ribosomal RNA rRNA is part of the translation
complex.
genes ? (c) Transfer RNA tRNA participates in translation. It
carries specific amino acids to be incorporated into the new protein.
genes? (d) Small nuclear RNAs (sn RNAs) - spliceosome, rRNA
assembly specific to eukaryotes.
genes? (e) Micro RNAs - short 20-22 nucleotide bases, single
stranded RNAs that may be involved in gene expression or may
block the translation of mRNA.
genes ?(f) Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and piwi- interacting
RNAs (piRNA) - anti virus and transposable element
genes ? (g) Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)) - transcriptional control
(XIST) and epigenetic regulation (200 + bases.
-The RNA product has the same sequence as the upper, coding
strand of DNA, except in has Us in place of Ts, BUT
The lower strand of DNA is the physical template for RNA synthesis.
VARIATION IN NOMENCLATURE
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Prokaryote Initiation
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Holoenzyme
(complete
enzyme)
One of
many
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one of many
5 UTR
(untranslated
region)
Eukaryotic Initiation
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In eukaryotic organisms:
-RNA polymerase I transcribes rRNA
in the nucleolus, except for the small
5S rRNA (large fraction of
transcription).
-RNA pol II transcribes all protein
coding genes, some snRNAs, in the
nucleus, Lnc RNA.
-RNA pol III transcribes small
functional RNA genes such as those
in the spliceosome, 5S rRNA, transfer
RNA (tRNA), sn RNAs not made by
RNA pol II in the nucleus
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Eukaryotic Initiation
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TBP
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ELONGATION in General
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capping
splicing
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2.
Coding RNA
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