MCQs in Business Research methods

1. Control in Experimentation is a
Process
a. to minimize the effects of
extraneous variables
b. to maximize the effects of
extraneous variables
c. to control the dependent variables in
the model
d. to control the independent variable
in the model
e. to confound the dependent variables
2. The data collected by market
research firms are typically called as
--------- in marketing research
terminology
a. Primary data
b. Independent data
c. Secondary data
d. Syndicated data
e. Syntax data
3. 3. The main difference between
theoretical research and empirical
research is that
a. Thoeretical research contributes to
the body of knowledge whereas
empirical research pertains to only
the chosen research problem
b. Thoeretical research deals with
secondary data whereas empirical
research deals with primary data
c. Theoretical research deals with
longitudinal data whereas empirical
research deals with cross sectional
data
d. Theoretical research is more difficult
whereas empirical research is very
simple
e. Thoeretical research is time bound
whereas empirical research is very
timeless.
4. Pilot study is a part of in
research process

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Empirical study
Exploratory study
Discriptive study
Causal study
Thoeretical study

5. 5. Those variables which impact the

dependent variables but are not
included in the study are called the
a. Independent variables
b. Dependent variables
c. Extraneous variables
d. Exploratory variables
e. Experimental variables
6. The difference between internal and
external validity is that
a. Internal validity refers to the
validity pertaining to specific
problem whereas external validity
needs generalization
b. Internal validity is mathematical
whereas external validity is
descriptive
c. Internal validity is based on primary
research whereas external validity is
based on secondary research
d. Internal validity is not needed for
empirical research whereas external
validity is a must.
e. External validity is scientific
whereas internal validity need not be
scientific.
7. Which of the following is not a
comparative scaling technique
a. Paired comparison
b. Q sort
c. Rank order
d. Constant sum
e. Likert scale
8. The scale that gives scope for
marking negative numbers is
a. constant sum

b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

h.

i.
j.

semantic differential
comparative scale
Staple scale
Paired comparison
Quota sampling means:
a.
Taking a stratified
sample in which the number of
sampling units drawn from each
stratum is in proportion to the
relative population size of that
stratum.
b. ensures that certain characteristics
of a population sample will be
represented to the exact extent that
the researcher desires.
c. obtains units or people who are
most conveniently available.
d. selects an initial starting point by
a random process, and then selects
every nth number on the list.
e.
all of the above

k.
l.
m. 10. What type of question is the
following? Did you make any local
or long-distance calls from your
home last week? Yes / no
n. a. Double-barreled
o. b. Leading
p. c. Loaded
q. d. Open Ended
r. e.
Semantic Differential
s.
11. The term "snowball sampling" refers to:
a.
a sampling procedure in
which initial respondents are
selected by probability methods,
and then additional respondents
are obtained from information
provided
by
the
initial
respondents.
b.
a sampling procedure in
which respondents are
grouped
into
successively
larger
clusters.

c.

d.
e.

a sampling procedure in
which respondents are
completely unknown to
each other.
a sampling from one
region
none of the above.

12. The purpose of most business research

experimentation is to measure and
compare the effects of the
experimental treatments on the
______________ variable.
a.
independent
b.
dependent
c.
control
d.
extraneous
e.
none of the above
13. Which of the following is not
multivariate analysis?
a. Multiple Regression
b. Discriminant analysis
c. Factor analysis
d. Correlation analysis
e. Cluster analysis
14.

Which of the following is NOT a

benefit of using E-mail to conduct
surveys?
a.
Distribution tends to be
cheaper.
b.
Turnaround time is often
faster.
c.
It enables researchers to
reach a larger segment of
the Indian population
than almost any other
distribution method.
d.
Software is available that
allows
questions
to
branch off into a
different
line
of
questioning, depending
on respondents' answers.
e.
none of the above

15. When interviewers ask for clarification

or expansion of answers to
standardized questions, we call
this:
a.
qualifying.
b.
standardizing.
c.
probing.
d.
conversing
e.
concluding
16. A Type II error is caused by failing to
reject the __________ when the
__________ is true.
a. alternative hypothesis; null hypothesis
b. significance level; hypothesis
c. Type I error; hypothesis
d. mean; null hypothesis
e. null hypothesis; alternative hypothesis
17. The analysis of variance (ANOVA)
technique is used to make inferences about
population
a. variances
b. means
c. proportions
d. probabilities
e. errors

a. show if the variables are related.

b. show the strength of the relationship
c. be meaningless.
d. shows the price elasticity
e. shows the latent factors
20. In a multiple regression equation, the
coefficient of each independent variable
shows
a. residual variance
b. the effect on the dependent variable of a
unit increase in the independent variable.
c. the precision of the estimated value of Y.
d. the amount of explained variation in Y.
e. respective standard error
21. A researcher was studying the influence
of a number of variables on sales of a
product. it is
related to interdependence of these
variables, which of the following techniques
should be used?
a. Regression Analysis
b. Multiple regression
c. Factor Analysis
d. Univariate Analysis
e. ANOVA

18. The appropriate bi-variate analysis when

the data are nominal-scaled, the sample size
for each
group is greater than 30, and there are two
groups is
a. t-test.
b. chi-square test.
c. analysis of variance.
d. D-W test
e. Bartlett test for sphericity

22. A typical use of __________ is

facilitating market segmentation by
identifying individuals who have similar
needs, life styles, or responses to marketing
strategies.
a. cluster analysis
b. factor analysis
c. discriminant analysis
d. analysis of variance
e. principal component analysis

19. A chi-square test between a measure of

price consciousness and a measure of brand
awareness
will:

23. A _______ is a study in which various

segments of a population are sampled and
data is
collected at a single moment in time.

a. panel study
b. cross-sectional study
c. longitudinal study
d. tracking study
e. surveyor
24. In factor analysis the sum of the initial
communality values of variables will be
equal to
a. eigen value
b. total number of variables considered for
analysis
c. number of factor loadings
d. agglomeration schedules
e. number of categories
25. A dendogram is used in
a. Factor analysis
b. Discriminant analysis
c. Multiple regression
d. Cluster analysis
e. Outlier analysis
26. When consumers are asked to rate each
of several brands of toothpaste on a 5-point
scale from
poor to excellent, this is an example of
which type of scale?
a. Nominal scale
b. Ordinal scale
c. Interval scale
d. Ratio scale
e. Ideal Scale
27. The co-efficient of determination R2 in
regression analysis shows the
a. correlation between the dependent and
independent variables
b. unexplained variation in the model
c. goodness of fit of the regression model
d. error in the model
e. amount of variation in y for a given
change in X
28. The coefficient of correlation varries

from
a. -1 to 0
b. -1 to 1
c. 0 to 1
d.-.5 to +.5
e.-.1 to +.1
29. The ___________________ involves
administering the same measure to the same
respondents at two separate times.
a. Split-half reliability
b. Test-retest reliability
c. Equivalent-forms reliability
d. Internal
consistency
reliability
e. External
consistency
reliability
30. The idea that "there is no difference
between the buying behavior between males
and females" is an example of;
a. Type 1 error
b. Type 11 error
c. The null Hypothesis
d. Alternative hypothesis
e. Concept
31. A change in wording of questions or a
change in other procedures to measure
dependent variable causes
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

History effect
Instrumentation effect
Maturation effect
Testing effect
Selection effect

32. Experimental design symbolically

referred as EG: X O1 is called
f. Static group design
g. One shot design
h. One-group pretest-posttest
design
i. True experimental design

j. Quasi experimental design

33. In personal interview method degree of
interviewer influence will be
k. High
l. Low
m. Moderate
n. None
o. Interviewer absent
34. Which of the statistics given below is
not appropriate for ordinal scales
p. Mean
q. Median
r. Mode
s. Percentile ranking
t. Range
35. Involuntary changes in eye movements
are measures by
u. Optical scanners
v. Voice pitch analyzers
w. Eye-tracking monitors
x. Pupilometers
y. Polygraph
36.
Which of two training programs is more
effective? Which of the following research
design will be more relevant for this
research problem
a. Exploratory research
b. Causal research
c. Focus group
d. Descriptive research
e. Survey research
37.Some individuals tend to be disagree to
all questions, this is a form of
f. Extremity bias
g. Acquiescence bias
h. Interviewer bias
i. Social desirability bias
j. Auspices bias
38.Factorial design is used in situation
where

k. Researcher has to control the

effect of one extraneous
variable
l. Researcher has to evaluate
the effect of one independent
variable
m. Researcher has to study the
effect of two or more
independent variable
n. Researcher has to control the
effect of two external
variable
o. Researcher uses
randomization to study the
effect of single independent
variable
39.A firm that selects its sample for
collecting data from the telephone book will
have some error because unlisted numbers
are not included. This error is
p. Interviewer error
q. Random error
r. Respondent error
s. Sample selection error
t. Non-response error
40.Consider a researcher is interested in
learning about brand-switching behavior.
Which method will be more appropriate one
for conducting this research
u. Interview
v. Observation
w. Pantry audit
x. Consumer panel
y. Semi-structured interview
41.A magazine advertiser wishes to
emphasize selling points identified by
measuring rough Television commercials.
Which method of observation will be more
useful
a.Psychogalvanometer
b.Voice pitch analysis
c.Optical scanners
d.Pupilometer

e.Eye tracking monitors

42.Which of the analysis classifies
individuals or objects into a small number
of mutually exclusive groups
a.Factor analysis
b.Cluster analysis
a.Conjoint analysis
d.Discriminant analysis
43.Which of the following assumption is
not suitable for multiple regression analysis
a.Study the effect of two or more
independent variable
b.Study the effect of multiple
independent variable on single
dependent variable
c.Study the association between
single independent and single
dependent variable
d.Data is interval-scaled
e.Data is ratio-scaled
44. ________________ is primarily used
for data reduction and summarization
a.Factor Analysis
b.Discriminant analysis
c.Conjoint analysis
d.Path analysis
e.Content analysis
45.Which one is not considered to be a goal
of Focus group research
a.Generate
hypotheses
for
quantitative test
b.Explain
the
cause-effect
relationship
c.Provide overall background
information
d.Secure impressions on new
product concepts
e.Concept screening and refining
46.A personnel manager is most interested
in distinguishing between applicants to hire

and those not to hire. Which multivariate

statistics is applicable for this purpose
a.Cluster analysis
b.ANOVA
c.Correlation
d.Discriminant analysis
e.Factor analysis
47.Which factor leads an experiment
towards external validity
a.Inference
b.Treatment
c.Generalization
.dRandomization
e.Control
48.Call back or follow-up will be more easy
in which of the following survey method
a.Personal interview
b.Mall Intercept interview
c.Telephone interview
d.Mail Survey
49.Internet Survey Research design
decisions pertains to all of them except for:
a. What type of data would be
required?
b. What would be most
appropriate source for these
data?
c. Who will fund the study?
d. What techniques of data
collection will be used?
e. How will the data be
analyzed?
50 .Which of the following statement is not
true of exploratory research:
f. The primary objective is to
provide insights into, and an
understanding of, the
problem confronting the
researcher.
g. The information needed is
loosely defined

h. The research process that is

adopted is rigid and
structured
i. Given the above
characteristics, the findings
of exploratory research is
generally regarded as
tentative or as input for
further research
j. Typically such research is
followed by further
exploratory or conclusive
research
51.Which of the following statement is not
true of experimental research design
k. It specifies the test units (for
example, individuals) and
how these units are to be
divided into homogenous
subsamples
l. It specifies what independent
variable(s) or treatment(s)
are to be manipulated
m. It specifies what dependent
variable(s) are to be
measured,
n. It specifies test units and
treatments should not
randomly assigned, and
o. It specifies how the
extraneous variables are to
be controlled
52.Which of the following is not a threat to
validity
p. History
q. Maturation
r. Testing Effects
s. Instrumentation
t. Statistical Correlation
53.Assignment of jersey numbers (ranging
from 1 to 11) to footballers, represent which
level of measurement:
u. Nominal

v. Ordinal
w. Interval
x. Ratio
y. Scale
54.Which of the following is not
considered as a comparative scale:
a.Paired comparison
b.Semantic differential
c.Q-sort
d.Rank order
z. Constant sum
55.Which of following statement is true of
Likert Scale
aIt is a nominal scale
b.It can have only 5 point rating
c.It is treated as an ordinal scale
d.It was developed by Rensis
Likert
e.It does not assume equal
intervals between the ratings
56.Which of the following is not a type of
construct validity
a.Convergent
b.Discriminant
c.Nomological
d.Criterion
eNone of the above
57.Sampling questions pertains to all of
them except for:
a.the sample size
b.the cost of the sample
c.the representativeness and
d.parameters of the sample
eaccess to the sample
aa. the sampling strategy to be
used
58.Which of the following is generally not
used as a mechanical device for collecting
data?
ab. Sociometry
ac. Eye cameras
ad. Pupilometric cameras
ae. Psychogalvanometer
af. Motion picture cameras

59.With reference to the components of

research reports which of the following is
not a part of the methodology section:
ag. Sampling design
ah. Research design
ai. Data collection
aj. Appendices
ak. Data analysis
60. With respect to writing research reports
which of the following statement is true
about writing the section on limitations:
al. It should be avoided by all
researchers
am.Avoiding the section on
limitations is a sign of
professionalism
an. The limitations if provided,
should be given in a very
detailed manner
ao. Writing limitations tends to
belittle the research
ap. Writing limitations help the
readers in acknowledging its
honesty and validity
61.Multiple regression is generally
expressed as: Y = a + 1X1 + 2X2 +
nXn + e. Which of the
following explanation of the notation is
not true:
aq. Y = dependent variable
ar. X = independent variable
as. = Y intercept when X = 0
at. e = error term
au. a = Y intercept when X = 0
62.Which of the following statement is not
true of canonical correlation analysis
(CCA):
av. It is a way of measuring the
linear relationship between
two multidimensional
variables
aw. It is an extension of multiple
regression analysis

ax. It analyzes a linear

relationship between
multiple dependent variable
and multiple independent
variable
ay. It is a way of measuring nonlinear relationship between
two uni-dimensional
variables
az. It is not as popular as
multiple regression
63.Which of the following multivariate
technique cannot be classified as a
dependency method:
a.Multi-dimensional scaling
b.Discriminant analysis
c.Multiple regression
d.MANOVA
e.Canonical correlation
64.Which of the following statement is not
true with respect to Pearsons Product
Moment Correlation Coefficients:
a.It measures the strength of the
linear relationship between two
variables
b.It is also known as simple
correlation coefficient
c.It is denoted by r
d.The r value can range from 0
to 1
e.The r value can range from
-1, through 0, to +1.
65.With reference to data coding which
of the following is not a categorization
rule:
a.Single dimension
b.Multiple dimension
c.Appropriate
d.Exhaustive
e.Mutually exclusive
66.Which of the following statement is
not true of content analysis
a.It is a qualitative method

b.It requires researchers to name

categories through a detailed
examination of data
c.The researcher starts with a
pre-determined framework of
possible responses
d.It analyzes text
e.It deals with open-ended
questions
67.Which of the following is a measure
of internal consistency with reference
scale development:
a.Spearmans Correlation
b.Cronbachs alpha
c.Mann-Whitney U test
d.Kolmogorov-Smirnov onesample test
e.Kolmogorov-Smirnov twosample test
68.Which of the following is an
example of a good item with reference
to scale development:
a.The item should be lengthy
b.The item should have more
than one statements
c.The sentence construction
should be complex
d.The item should ideally
convey a single meaning
e.The item should be doublebarreled
69.A good (neutral) item is one which
has its mean value at:
a.Lower end of the range
b.Higher end of the range
c.Either higher or lower end of
the range
d.Outside the range
e.Close to the center of the range
70.A research whose objective is to
determine the degree of association
between two variables would be called
a:

a.Descriptive research
b.Exploratory research
c.Correlational research
d.Causal research
e.Experimental research
71.A sampling technique that does not
give each member of the target
population a known and equal
probability of selection is called:
a.Random sampling
b.Stratified sampling
c.Quota sampling
d.Non-probability sampling
e.Probability sampling
72.Which of the following statement is
true:
a.Reliability and validity are
same
b.Reliability is always greater
than validity
c.Validity is always greater than
reliability
d.Reliability is a measure of
dependability
e.Validity is a measure of
internal consistency
73.Which of the following is not a type
of validity:
a.Content validity
b.Empirical validity
c.Construct validity
d.Predictive validity
e.Concurrent validity
74.Which of the following is not a level
of measurement:
a.Ordinal
b.Cardinal
c.Nominal
d.Ratio
e.Interval
75.Which of the following is not a scale
technique:
a.Semantic scale
b.Likert scale
c.Guttman scale

d.Thurstone scale
e.Spearman scale
76.Which of the following is also called
as a cumulative scale:
a.Guttman scale
b.Likert scale
c.Thurstone scale
d.Semantic scale
e.Spearman scale
77.Which of the following is not a
multivariate data analysis:
a.Multiple regression analysis
b.Multiple discriminant analysis
c.Factor analysis
d.Frequency analysis

e.Cluster analysis
78.Which of the following statement is
not true about meta-analysis
a.It is a analysis of analyses
b.It is a statistical procedure to
integrate the results of several
related independent studies
c.It is a qualitative approach
d.It reviews research literature in
a particular area
e.It combines a number of
studies conducted by a number
of different researchers in a
variety of contexts

z.
49.