SEDIMENTARY BASINS

AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

OF THE MIDDLE EAST

A.S. ALSHARHAN
Faculty of Science, UAE university
P.O. BOX: 17551 Al Ain
United Arab Emirates

A.E.M. NAIRN
Earth Science and Resources institute
university of south Carolina
Columbia, s.c. 29208
U.S.A.

ELSEVIER
Amsterdam Lausanne - New York - Oxford - Shannon - Singapore - Tokyo 1997

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART ONE
Chapter 1: An Introductory Overview
Geographic and Geomorphologic Setting
Geologic Setting
Sequence Stratigraphy

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Chapter 2: The Geological History and Structural Elements of the Middle East
Introduction
Geological History
Phase 1 The Consolidation of the Arabo-Nubian Massif
Phase 2 Tectonic Stability
Phase 3 The Hercynian Event
Phase 4 The Triassic Extensional Phase
Phase 5 Jurassic and Cretaceous Events
Phase 6 Cenozoic Events
Main Structural Elements
Sedimentary Basins
Tabuk sub-basin, Saudi Arabia
Widyan sub-basin, Saudi Arabia
Sirhan sub-basin, Jordan
Rub Al Khali and Ras Al Khaimah sub-basins, Saudi Arabia - U.A.E
Zagros Basin, Iran
Palmyra and Sinjar sub-basins, Syria-Iraq
The Mesopotamian sub-basin, Iraq
,Red Sea and Gulf of Aden sub-basin, Saudi Arabia - Yemen
Arches
Huqf-Haushi Arch, Oman
Hadhramout Arch, Yemen
Central Arabian Arch, Saudi Arabia
Qatar-South Fars Arch, Qatar - Iran
Hail-Rutbah-Ga'ara and Khleissa Arches, Saudi Arabia - Iraq
Mardin High, Turkey
Transform Faults and Normal Faults
Southeastern Arabian platform
Masirah Transform Fault, Oman
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Maradi Fault, Oman
Saiwan-Nafun Fault, Oman
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Dibba Zone, Oman - UAE
Oman Line, Oman
Owen Fracture Zone, Yemen - Oman
Northern Arabian Platform : Central Syrian Fault Zone
Northwestern Arabian Platform : Jordan-Dead Sea Fault System
Fold Belts: Taurus Mountains, Turkey
Zagros, Mountain, Iran
Oman Mountains, Oman - U.A.E
Discussion

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PART TWO
Chapter 3: Infracambrian of the Middle East
Introduction
Stratigraphy of Infracambrian Rocks in Oman:
Huqf Group:
Abu Mahara Formation
Khufai Formation
Shuram Formation
Buah Formation
Ara Formation

.-

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The Age of the Huqf Group

Comparison of the Huqf Group with other Outcrops in Oman
Mistal Formation
Hajir Formation
Mi'aidan Formation
Kharus Formation
Hijam Formation
Comparison of Oman with other Outcrops in the Middle East
Comparison with the Republic of Yemen
Comparison with the United Arab Emirates
Comparison with Saudi Arabia
Comparison with Jordan
Comparison with Southeast Turkey
Comparison with Iraq
Comparison with Iran
Paleogeography and Geologic History of the Infracambrian

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Chapter 4: The Early Paleozoic Quiescent Phase in the Middle East: The Sauk Cycle
and the Early Part of the Tippecanoe Cycle
Introduction
The Early Paleozoic of Oman
The Sauk Sequence in Central and South-central Oman
Haima Group (Cambrian? to earliest Silurian):
The Karim and Haradh formations
:..-.
The Amin Formation
The Mahwis/Andam formations
The Tippecanoe Sequence in Central Oman:
Ghudun Formation
Safiq Formation
The Sauk and Tippecanoe Sequences in Southern Oman (Dhofar Province):
Murbat Sandstone Formation
The Sauk and Tippecanoe Sequences in Eastern and Southwestern Arabia
Oman Mountains (Oman Region): Amdeh Formation
Oman Mountains (United Arab Emirates Region): Ra'an Formation
Southwestern Saudi Arabia: Dibsiyah Formation
The Early Paleozoic of Northern Saudi Arabia and Jordan
The Sauk Sequence in North and Northwestern Saudi Arabia:
Yatib Formation
Saq Formation
The Sauk Sequence in Jordan
Ram Group
Subsurface Formations:
Salib Formation
Burj and Abu Khusheiba formations
Ajram Formation
Amud Formation
Surface Formations:
Salib Arkosic Sandstone Formation
Umm Ishrin Sandstone Formation
Disi Sandstone Formation
Umm Sahm Sandstone Formation
The Tippecanoe Sequence in North and Northwestern Saudi Arabia:
Tabuk Group:
Hanadir Formation
Kahfah Formation
Ra'an Formation
Quwarah Formation (and its equivalent Ordovician Formations 1-5)

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Zarqa Formation
Sarah Formation
Qalibah Formation
The Tippecanoe Sequence in Jordan
Khreim Group
Subsurface Formations:
Sahl as Suwwan Formation
Umm Tarifa Formation
Trebeel Formation
Batra Formation
Alna Formation
Surface Formations:
Hiswah Formation
Dubaydib Formation
Mudawwara Formation
Khushsha Formation
The Tippecanoe Sequence in Iraq: Khabour Formation
The Tippecanoe Sequence in Kuwait: Tabuk Formation
The Tippecanoe Sequence in Qatar:
Tabuk Formation
Sharawra Formation
The Tippecanoe Sequence in the United Arab Emirates: Sharawra Formation
The Early Paleozoic Sequence in Southeast Turkey and Syria
The Sauk Sequence in Southeast Turkey:
Sadan Formation
- Zabuk Formation
Koruk Formation
Sosink Formation

Seydisehir Formation
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The Sauk Sequence in Syria: Zabuk, Burj and Sosink formations
The Tippecanoe Sequence in Southeast Turkey:
Bedinan Formation
Sort Tepe Formation
The Tippecanoe Sequence in Syria:
Khanasser Formation
Swab Formation
Afandi Formation
Tanf Formation
The Early Paleozoic of Iran
The Sauk Sequence
Lalun Formation
Dahu Formation
Mila Formation
Kalshaneh Formation
Derenjal Formation
Ilebeyk Formation
The Tippecanoe Sequence:
Shirgesht Formation
Niur Formation
Lashkerak Formation
Zard Kuh Formation
Paleogeography and Geologic History of the Early Paleozoic

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Chapter 5: The Early-Late Paleozoic of the Middle East: The Kaskaskia Cycle
Introduction
The Kaskaskia Cycle in the Middle East
The Kaskaskia Sequence in Northern Saudi Arabia

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Jauf Formation
Sakaka Formation
Pre-Unayzah Clastics (Berwath Formation)
The Kaskaskia Sequence in Southwest Saudi Arabia: Khusayyayn Formation
The Kaskaskia Sequence in Qatar: Tawil Formation
The Kaskaskia Sequence in the United Arab Emirates:
Outcrop Formation: Ayim Formation
Subsurface Formation: Tawil Formation
The Kaskaskia Sequence in Oman: Misfar Group
The Kaskaskia Sequence in Kuwait: Jauf Formation
The Kaskaskia Sequence in Iran:
Padeha Formation
Sibzar Formation
Bahram Formation
Geirud Formation
The Kaskaskia Sequence in Iraq:
Pirispiki Redbeds
Kaista Formation
Ora Shale Formation
Harur Formation
The Kaskaskia Sequence in Southeast Turkey:
Dadas Formation
Hazro Formation
Yiginli Formation
Koprulu Formation
Kirtas Quartzite and Hasanbeyli Formations
The Kaskaskia Sequence in Syria: Markada Group
Paleogeography and Geologic History of the Late Paleozoic Kaskaskia Cycle

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Chapter 6: The End of the Paleozoic and the Early Mesozoic of the Middle East:
The Absaroka Cycle
The Lower Part of the Absaroka Cycle (Latest Carboniferous-Permian)
The Paleozoic Part of the Absaroka Cycle
Absaroka Sequence South of the Central Arabian Arch
:
Absaroka Sequence in Oman
Haushi Group:
Al Khlata Formation
Gharif Formation
Khuff Formation
Saiq Formation
Absaroka Sequence in the United Arab Emirates:
Subsurface Formations: Haushi Group:
Gharif Formation
Al Khlata Formation
Khuff Formation
Surface Formations:Asfar and Qamar formations
Russ Al Jibal Group:
Bih Formation
Hagil Formation
Ghail Formation
Absaroka Sequence in Qatar:
Haushi Formation
Khuff Formation
Absaroka Sequence in southwestern Saudi Arabia:Juwayl Member
Absaroka Sequence in the Republic of Yemen: Akbra Shale Formation
Absaroka Sequence North of the Central Arabian Arch:
Absaroka Sequence in Central and Northern Saudi Arabia

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Unayzah Formation
Khuff Formation
Absaroka Sequence in Kuwait: Khuff Formation
Absaroka Sequence in Bahrain: Khuff Formation
Absaroka Sequence in Northwest and Northeast of the Arabian Platform
Absaroka Sequence in Jordan
Outcrop Section: Umm Irna Formation
Subsurface Section: Hudayb Group
Anjara Formation
Huwayra Formation
Buwayda Formation
Absaroka Sequence in Iraq
Western Iraq (Hail-Rutbah Arch area):
Nijili Formation
Ga'ara Formation
Northern Iraq (Northern Thrust Belt Area): Chia Zairi Formation
Absaroka Sequence in Southeast Turkey
Gomaniibrik Formation
Absaroka Sequence in Syria:
Dolaa Formation
Heil Formation
Amanus Sand Formation
Absaroka Sequence in Iran:
Southwest Iran: Faraghan Formation
Dalan Formation
Northern and Central Iran:
Dorud Formation
Ruteh Formation
Nesen Formation
Jamal Formation
The Upper Part of the Absaroka Cycle (Triassic)
The End of the Absaroka Cycle in Central Arabia
Triassic of Saudi Arabia:
Sudair Formation
Jilh Formation
Minjur Formation
The End of the Absaroka Cycle in Eastern Arabia:
Triassic of United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi and Dubai Region (Subsurface Section)
Sudair Formation
Jilh (Gulailah) Formation
Minjur Formation
Northern Emirates Region (Outcrop Section)
Milaha Formation
Ghalilah Formation
Triassic of Oman
Central and Southern Oman (Subsurface Section)
Sudair Formation
Jilh Formation
Central Oman Mountains,(Allochthonous Units)
Mahil Formation
Sumeini Group:
Maqam Formation
Jebel Wasa Formation
Hawasina Assemblage
Hamrat Duru Group: Zulla Formation
Wahrah Formation
Al Ayn Formation

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Haifa Formation
Haliw Formation
Al Aridh Formation
Ibra Formation
Haybi Complex:
Hawasina Melange
Exotic Limestone
Haybi Volcanics
Basal Serpentine and Tectonic Melange
Batinah Complex:
Barghah Formation
Sakhin Formation
Salahi Formation
Batinah Limestone Blocks
Triassic of Qatar
Suwei (Sudair) Formation
Gulailah (Jilh) Formation
Minjur Formation
The End of the Absaroka Sequence in the Eastern Arabian Gulf: .Southwestern Iran
Kangan Formation
Dashtak Formation
Khaneh Kat Formation
The End of the Absaroka Sequence in the Central and Northern Arabian Gulf:
The Triassic of Bahrain:
Sudair Formation
Jilh Formation
The-Triassic of Kuwait:
Sudair Formation
Jilh Formation
Minjur Formation
The End of the Absaroka Sequence in North and Northeastern Arabia:
The Triassic of Iraq:
Mirga Mir Formation
Beduh Shale Formation
Geli Khana Formation
Mulussa Formation
Zur Hauran Formation
Kurra Chine Formation
B aluti Formation
The Triassic of Jordan:
Outcrop Formation:
Abu Ruweis Formation
Um Tina Formation
Irq Al Amir Formation
Mukheiris Formation
Hisban Formation
Ain Musa Formation
Dardun Formation
Ma'in Formation
Subsurface Formation: Ramtha Group:
Suwayma Formation
Hisban Formation
Mukheiris Formation
Salit Formation
Abu Ruweis Formation
The Triassic of Syria:
Amanus Shale Formation
Kurra Chine Formation
Butmah Formation

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Adaiyah Formation
Mus Formation
Alan Formation
The Triassic of Southeast Turkey:
Cigli Group
Cudi Formation
Aril Formation
Beduh Formation
Paleogeography and Geologic History of the Absaroka Cycle
The Lower Part of the Absaroka Cycle (latest Carboniferous-Permian)
The Upper Part of the Absaroka Cycle (Triassic)

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Chapter 7: The Late Mesozoic Part of the Zuni Cycle in the Middle East: The Jurassic
Introduction
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The Jurassic Section in Central Arabia
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The Jurassic of Saudi Arabia:
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Marrat Formation
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Dhruma Formation
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Tuwaiq Mountain Formation
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Hanifa Formation
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Jubailah Formation
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Arab Formation
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Hith Formation
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The Jurassic of Bahrain
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Marrat Formation
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Dhruma Formation
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Tuwaiq Mountain Formation
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Hanif a Formation
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Jubailah Formation
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Arab Formation
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Hith Formation
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The Jurassic Section in Southern and Southwestern Arabia: The Republic of Yemen
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Kohlan Formation
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Amran Group:
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Shuqra Formation
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Madbi Formation
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Sabatayn Formation
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Naifa Formation
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The Jurassic Section in Eastern Arabia:
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The Jurassic of the United Arab Emirates (Subsurface Formations)
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Marrat Formation
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Hamlah Formation
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Izhara Formation
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Araej Formation
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Diyab Formation
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Arab Formation and its equivalents (Fahahil and Qatar formations)
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Hith Formation and its equivalents
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The Jurassic of the Northern United Arab Emirates (Surface Formations) :Musandam Group 266
The Jurassic of Qatar
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Hamlah Formation
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Izhara Formation
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Araej Formation
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Diyab Formation
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Darb Formation
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Hanifa and Jubailah Formations
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Arab Formation and its equivalents:
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Fahahil Formation
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CONTENTS

Qatar Formation
Arab Formation
Hith Formation
The Jurassic Section in Extreme Eastern Arabia: Oman
The Jurassic of Northern Oman: Musandam Group
The Jurassic of Central Oman
Subsurface Formations: Sahtan Group:
Mafraq Formation
Dhruma Formation
Tuwaiq Mountain Formation
Hanifa Formation
Jubailah Formation
Surface Formations: Sahtan Group:
Saih Hatat Formation
Mayhah Formation
Guweyza Sandstone Formation
Guweyza Limestone Formation
The Jurassic of South Oman: Kohlan Formation
The Jurassic Section on the Eastern Side of the Arabian Gulf: Southwestern Iran
Neyriz Formation
Adaiyah Formation
Mus Formation
Alan Formation
Sargelu Formation
Najmah Formation
Gotnia Formation
.-.Hith Formation
Surmah "Formation
The Jurassic Section in Northeastern Arabia:
The Jurassic of Kuwait:
;
Marrat Formation
Dhruma Formation
Sargelu Formation
Najmah Formation
Gotnia Formation
Hith Formation
The Jurassic of Iraq
1. Liassic Section of Iraq:
Ubaid Formation....
Butmah Formation
Baluti Formation
Adaiyah Formation
Mus Formation
Alan Formation
Sarki Formation
Sekhanian Formation
2. Dogger Section of Iraq:
Muhaiwir Formation
Sargelu Formation
3. Malm Section of Iraq (Early Sub-Cycle):
Najmah Formation
Gotnia (Anhydrite) Formation
Naokelekan Formation
Barsarin Formation
4. Malm Section of Iraq (Late Sub-cycle):
Makhul Formation
Chia Gara Formation
Karima Mudstone Formation
Sulaiy Formation

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The Jurassic Section in Northwestern and Northern Arabian Platform:

The Jurassic of Jordan
Surface Formations:
Deir Alia Formation
Zarqa Formation
Dhahab Formation
Umm Maghara Formation
Arda Formation
Muaddi Formation
Subsurface Formations:
Azab Group
Hihi Formation
Nimr Formation
Silal Formation
Dhahab Formation
Ramla and Hamam Formations
Mughanniya Formation
The Jurassic of Syria: Qamchuqa Formation
The Jurassic of Southeast Turkey: Cudi Group
Jurassic Paleogeography and Geologic History

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Chapter 8: The Late Mesozoic Part of the Zuni Cycle in the Middle East: The Cretaceous
Introduction
The First Cycle: The Early Cretaceous
".".
Early. Cretaceous of Saudi Arabia:
Sulaiy Formation
Yamama Formation
Buwaib Formation
Biyadh Formation
Shuaiba Formation
Early Cretaceous of Eastern Arabia:
Early Cretaceous in the United Arab Emirates
Subsurface Formations:
Rayda and Salil Formations
Habshan Formation
Lekhwair Formation
Kharaib Formation
Shuaiba Formation
Surface Section: Musandam Group Unit 4
Early Cretaceous in Qatar
Sulaiy Formation
Yamama Formation
Ratawi Formation
Kharaib Formation
Hawar Shale Formation
Shuaiba Formation
Early Cretaceous of Bahrain
Sulaiy Formation
Yamama Formation
Ratawi Formation
Kharaib Formation
Hawar Formation
Shuaiba Formation
Early Cretaceous of Oman
Western Oman Mountains (subsurface formations)
Rayda Formation
Salil Formation

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Habshan Formation
Lekhwair Formation
Kharaib Formation
Shuaiba Formation
Central Oman Mountains (Allochthonous Units)
Sidr Formation
Nayid Formation
Mayhah Formation C Member
Mayhah Formation D Member
Northern Oman Mountains (Musandam Peninsula)
Musandam Member G
Musandam Member H and I
Early Cretaceous on the eastern side of the Arabian Gulf: southwestern Iran
Fahliyan Formation
Gadvan Formation
Dariyan Formation
Garau Formation
Early Cretaceous in the Northern, Northwestern and Northeastern Arabian Platform:
Early Cretaceous in Kuwait:
Sulaiy/Makhul Formation
Minagish Formation
Ratawi Formation
Zubair Formation
Shuaiba Formation
Early Cretaceous in Iraq:
1. Southern Iraq:
Ratawi Formation
Zubair Formation
Shuaiba Formation
2. Northern Iraq
.*
Garagu Formation
:
Lower Balambo Formation
Lower Sarmord Formation
Lower Qamchuqa Limestone Formation
Early Cretaceous in Syria:
Qamchuqa Formation
;
Rutbah Formation
Hayane Formation
Early Cretaceous in Jordan: Kurnub Group
Early Cretaceous in Southeast Turkey:
Mardin Group
Areban Formation
Early Cretaceous in Southern and Southwestern Arabia:
The Republic of Yemen: Qishn Formation
The Second Cycle: The Mid-Cretaceous
,
Mid-Cretaceous in Eastern Arabia: The United Arab Emirates
Subsurface Formations:
Nahr Umr Formation
Mauddud Formation
Shilaif/Khatiyah Formation
Mishrif Formation
Outcrop Formations: Nahr Umr and Mauddud formations
Mid-Cretaceous in Eastern Arabia: Oman
Western Oman Mountains (subsurface formations)
Nahr Umr Formation
Natih Formation
Mauddud Formation
Mishrif Formation
Central Oman Mountains (Allochthonous Units): Qumayrah Formation

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Northern Oman Mountains (Musandam Peninsula)

Outcrop Section: Wasia Group
Subsurface Section:
Kazdhumi Formation
Mauddud Formation
Khatiyah/Mishrif formations
Southern Oman (Dhofar Region)
Qamar Formation
Harshiyat Formation
Fartaq Formation
Mid-Cretaceous in Southwestern Iran
Bangestan Group:
Kazdhumi Formation
Sarvak Formation
Surgah Formation
Mid-Cretaceous in Central and Eastern Arabia:
Mid-Cretaceous in Central and Eastern Saudi Arabia: Wasia Formation
Mid-Cretaceous in Northwestern Saudi Arabia: Wasia Formation
Mid-Cretaceous in Kuwait: Wasia Group
Burgan Formation
Mauddud Formation
Wara Formation
Ahmadi Formation
Magwa Formation
Mid-Cretaceous in Qatar: . Wasia Group
Nahr Umr Formation
- Mauddud Formation
Ahmadi Formation
Khatiyah Formation
Mishrif Formation
Mid-Cretaceous in Bahrain: Wasia Group
Nahr Umr Formation
Mauddud Formation
Wara Formation
Ahmadi Formation
Rumaila Formation
".
Mid-Cretaceous in Northern Arabian Platform:
Mid-Cretaceous in Iraq
1. Southern and Southwestern Iraq:
Nahr Umr Formation
Mauddud Formation
Wara Formation
Ahmadi Formation
Rumaila Formation
Mishrif Formation
2. Western Iraq:
Rutbah Formation
M'sad Formation
3. Northern and Northeastern Iraq:
Rim Siltstone Formation
Jawan Formation
Upper Qamchuqa Limestone Formation
Upper Sarmord Formation
Upper Balambo Formation
Kifl Formation
Dokan Limestone Formation
Mid-Cretaceous in Jordan
Ajlun Group:
Naur Formation

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Fuheis Formation
Hummar Formation
Shuayb Formation
Wadi As Sir Formation
Khureij Formation
Mid-Cretaceous in Syria
Judea Formation
Massive Limestone Formation
Mid-Cretaceous in Southeast Turkey
Sabunsuyu Formation
Derdere Formation
Mid-Cretaceous in Southern and Southwestern Arabia:The Republic of Yemen
Harshiyat Formation
Fartaq Formation
The Third Cycle: The Late Cretaceous
Late Cretaceous in the southern Arabian Gulf:United Arab Emirates
Aruma Group
Laffan Formation
Halul Formation
Ham Formation
Fiqa Formation
Simsima Formation
Muti Formation
Juweiza Formation
Qahlah Formation
...-.
Late Cretaceous in Eastern Arabia: Oman
1. Western Oman Mountains
Laffan Formation
Fiqa Formation
Muti Formation
Juweiza Formation
Qahlah Formation
Simsima Formation
2. Central Oman Mountains (Allochthonous Units):
Semail (Ophiolite) Nappe
.-.
3. Northern Oman Mountains (Musandam Peninsula)
Outcrop Section: Muti Formation
Subsurface Section: Laffan Formation
Ham Formation
Gurpi Formation
Late Cretaceous in Eastern Arabian Gulf: Southwestern Iran
Ham Formation
Gurpi Formation
Tarbur Formation
Amiran Formation
Late Cretaceous in Western and Northwestern Arabian Gulf
Late Cretaceous in Qatar:
Aruma Group
Laffan Formation
Halul Formation
Fiqa/Ruilat Formation
Simsima Formation
Late Cretaceous in Bahrain: Aruma Group
Late Cretaceous in Kuwait:
Khasib/Mutriba Formation
Sa'di Formation
Hartha Formation
Bahrah Formation

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Tayarat Formation
Late Cretaceous in Central and Southwestern Arabia:
Late Cretaceous in Saudi Arabia: Aruma Formation
Late Cretaceous in the Republic of Yemen:
Mukalla Formation
Sharwain Formation
Tawilah Group
Ghiras Formation
Medj-Zir Formation
Late Cretaceous in the Northern Arabian Platform:
Late Cretaceous in Iraq
1. Southern Iraq:
Khasib Formation
Tanuma Formation
Sa'di Formation
Hartha Formation
Qurna Formation
Tayarat Formation
2.Western Iraq: Digma Formation
3.High Folded Zone of Iraq:
Gulneri Formation
Kometan Formation
Shiranish Formation
Bekhme Formation
Hadiena Formation
Tanjero Formation
Aqra Formation
Late Cretaceous in Jordan: Belqa Group
Surface Formations:
Wadi Umm Ghudran Formation
Amman Formation
Al Hisa Formation
'.
Muwaqqar Formation
Subsurface Formations:
Rajil Formation
Hamza Formation
Hazim Formation
Amman and Al Hisa formations
Usaykhim Formation
Muwaqqar Formation
Late Cretaceous in Syria
Soukhne Formation
Shiranish Formation
Late Cretaceous in Southeast Turkey
Karababa Formation
Karabogaz Formation
Sayindere Formation
Korkandil Formation
Kastel Formation
Terbuzek Formation
Besni Formation
Germav Formation
Cretaceous Paleogeography and Geologic History
Tectonic Events
Paleogeography and Cyclicity:
Early Cretaceous Cycle
Mid-Cretaceous Cycle
Late Cretaceous Cycle

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CONTENTS

Chapter 9: The latest part of the Zuni and Tejas cycles of the Middle East: The Cenozoic
Introduction
Part 1: The Paleogene of the Middle East
The Paleogene of the Central, Eastern and Northeastern Arabian Platform
Paleogene of Saudi Arabia
Umm Er Radhuma Formation
Rus Formation
Dammam Formation
Paleogene of Qatar
Umm Er Radhuma Formation
Rus Formation
Dammam Formation
Paleogene of Bahrain
Umm Er Radhuma Formation
Rus Formation
Dammam Formation
Paleogene of Kuwait
Radhuma Formation
Rus Formation
Dammam Formation
Paleogene of Southern and Western Iraq
Umm Er Radhuma Formation
Rus Formation
Dammam Formation
Paleogene of Southwestern and Southeastern Iran and adjoining areas
Pabdeh Formation
Jahrum Formation
'.Shahbazan Formation
Taleh Zang Formation
Kashkan Formation
Asmari Formation
Paleogene of the United Arab Emirates
Umm Er Radhuma Formation
Rus Formation
Dammam Formation
Asmari Formation
Pabdeh Formation
'.
Paleogene of Oman
Central and Western Oman Mountains (outcrop formations)
Jafnayn Limestone Formation
Rusayl Formation
Seeb Limestone Formation
Ruwaydah Formation
Fahud Formation
Muthaymimah Formation
Southern Oman (Dhofar Region): (outcrop formation) Hadhramout Group
Umm Er Radhuma Formation
Rus Formation
Andhur and Qara formations
Taqa Formation
Central and Southern Oman: (subsurface formations) Hadhramout Group
Umm Er Radhuma Formation
Rus Formation
Dammam Formation
Fars Group: Taqa Formation
Northern Offshore Oman
Pabdeh Formation

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CONTENTS

Lower Fars Formation

Guri Formation
Mishan and younger formations
The Paleogene of Southern, Southwestern and Western Arabia
Paleogene of Western Saudi Arabia (Red Sea Region)
Suqah Group:
Pre-Usfan Formation
Usfan Formation
Matiyah Formation
Paleogene of the Republic of Yemen
Paleogene of East and Southeast Yemen: Hadhramout Group
Umm Er Radhuma Formation
Jeza Formation
Rus Formation
Habshiya Formation
Paleogene of West and Northwest Yemen
Yemen Volcanics (Aden Trap Series)
The Paleogene of the Northern Arabian Platform:
Paleogene of Northwest Saudi Arabi: Hibr Group
Paleogene of Jordan
Subsurface Formation: Umm Rijam Formation
Wadi Shallala Formation
Surface Formation: Umm Rijam Formation
Wadi Shallala Formation
Taiyiba Formation.....:
Taqiye Marl Formation
Sar'a Chalk-Flint Formation
Ma'an Nummulitic Limestone Formation
Dhahkiye Chalk Formation
Paleogene of Syria
Aaliji Formation
Palmyra Formation
Kermav Formation
Sinjar Formation
Jaddala Formation
Chilou Formation
Midyat Formation
Paleogene of Northern Iraq
Kolosh Formation
Sinjar Formation
Khurmala Formation
Aaliji Formation
Jaddala Formation
Avanah Formation
Gercus Formation
Pila Spi Limestone Formation
Kirkuk Group:
Shurau Limestone Formation
Sheikh Alas Formation
Tarjil Formation
Bajawan Formation
Baba Formation
Anah Formation
Azkand Formation
Ibrahim Formation
Paleogene of Southeast Turkey
Part 2: The Neogene of the Middle East
The Neogene of the Central and Eastern Arabian Platform:
Neogene of Saudi Arabia

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CONTENTS

Hadrukh Formation
Dam Formation
Hofuf Formation
Kharj Formation
Neogene of Qatar
Lower Fars Formation
Dam Formation
Hofuf Formation
Neogene of Bahrain
Jabal Cap Formation
Ras al Aqr Formation
Neogene of the United Arab Emirates
Gachsaran Formation
Mishan Formation
Hofuf Formation
Neogene of Oman
Miocene Conglomerate and Younger Deposits
The Neogene of Southern and Western Arabia:
Neogene of Western Saudi Arabia (Red Sea Region)
Tayran Group: Musayr Formation
Yanbu Formation
Al Wajh Formation
Jizan Volcanic Formation
Burqan Formation
Magna Group: Kial Formation
Jabal Kibrit Formation
Mansiyah Formation
Ghawwas Formation
'..
Lisan Formation
Neogene of Yemen: Aden Volcanic Series
The Neogene of Northeastern Arabia:
Neogene of Kuwait
Ghar Formation
Lower Fars Formation
Dibdibba Formation
Neogene of Southern Iraq
Ghar Formation
Lower Fars Formation
Upper Fars Formation
Zahra Formation
Bakhtiari Formation
Neogene of Southwestern Iran
Gachsaran Formation
Razak Formation
Mishan Formation
Agha Jari Formation
Bakhtiari Formation
The Neogene of the Northern Arabian Platform:
Neogene of Jordan
Sirhan-Azraq-Jafr Basins (Subsurface Formation)
Qirma Formation
Azraq Formation
Jafr Formation
Northeastern and Eastern Jordan (Surface Outcrop)
Tertiary Basaltic Plateau
Surface outcrop in Dead Sea-Jordan Rift
Dana Conglomerate Formation
Lisan Marl Formation

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441
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CONTENTS

Neogene of Syria
Dhiban Formation
Jeribe Formation
Lower Fars Formation
Upper Fars Formation
Bakhtiari Formation
Neogene of the Foothills and High Folded Zone of Northern Iraq
Euphrates Limestone Formation
Serikagni Formation
Dhiban Formation
Jeribe Limestone Formation
Neogene of Southeast Turkey
Part 3: Cenozoic Paleogeography and Geologic History
Paleogene Paleogeography
Neogene Paleogeography

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451
458
462

PART THREE
Chapter 10 : Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Middle East
Introduction
Surface Oil and Gas Seeps
Turkey
Iran
Iraq
Kuwait
Saudi -Arabia
Bahrain
Yemen
Syria, Lebanon and Jordan
History of Exploration
Current Status of Middle East Oil
Hydrocarbon Productivity
Source Rocks
Geochemistry of Oil and Gas
Reservoir Rocks
Infracambrian to Paleozoic
Triassic and Jurassic
Cretaceous
Tertiary
Cap Rocks (Seals)
Traps
Timing of Trap Formation
The Greater Arabian and Omani Basins
The Zagros Basin
Potential Plays

.'.

Chapter 11: Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Greater Arabian Basin

Introduction
Kuwait and the Kuwait-Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone
Stratigraphic History
Structural History
Reservoir Rocks
Lower Cretaceous Reservoirs
Minagish Formation
Ratawi Formation
Zubair Formation
Middle Cretaceous Reservoirs

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CONTENTS

Burgan Formation
Mauddud Formation
Wara Formation
Mishrif Formation
Upper Cretaceous Reservoirs
Tayarat Formation
Tertiary Reservoirs
Radhuma Formation
Seals and Seal Formations
Gotnia Formation
Sargelu Formation
Ratawi Formation
Zubair Formation
Burgan Formation
Ahmadi Formation
Mutriba Formation
Khasib Formation
Rus Formation
Lower Fars Formation
Oil Geochemistry and Source Rocks
Middle Cretaceous Source Rocks
Rumaila and Mishrif Formations
Ahmadi Formation
Wara Formation
Mauddud Formation
Burgan Formation
Lower Cretaceous Source Rocks
Shuaiba Formation
Zubair Formation
Ratawi Formation
Minagish Formation
Sulaiy Formation
Jurassic Source Rocks
Dhruma Formation
Sargelu Formation
Najmah Formation
Kuwait Oil Fields
Greater Burgan Field
Bahrah Field
Raudhatain Field
Sabriya Field
Minagish Field
Umm Gudair Field
Khafji Field
Wafra Field
Dorra Field
Hout Field
Lulu field
Umm Gudair South Field
South Fuwaris Field
Bahrain
Structure
Stratigraphy
Reservoirs
Khuff Formation
Arab Formation
Mauddud Formation

:
i

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CONTENTS

Seals
Source Rocks and Hydrocarbon Migration and Accumulation
Production and Reserves
Qatar
Structure
Stratigraphy
Reservoir Characteristics
Tabuk Formation
Sharawra Formation
Tawil Formation
Haushi Formation
Khuff Formation
Izhara Formation
Araej Formation
Arab Formation
Kharaib Formation
Shuaiba Formation
Nahr Umr Formation
Mauddud Formation
Mishrif and Khatiyah formations
Seals and Seal Formations
Tabuk Formation
Sharawra Formation
Tawil Formation
Haushi Formation
Sudair Formation
Izhara and Araej formations
Hanifa and Lower Jubailah formations
Arab Formation
Hith Anhydrite
Hawar Formation
Nahr Umr Formation
Khatiyah Formation
Laffan Formation
Source Rocks
Sharawra Formation
Haushi Formation
Hanifa Formation
Jubailah Formation
Shuaiba Formation
Mauddud Formation
Mishrif/Khatiyah formations
Oil characteristics and hydrocarbon maturation
Oil and Gas Fields
Dukhan Field
Idd El Shargi Field
Maydan Mahzam Field
Bui Hanine Field
North Field
United Arab Emirates
Regional Stratigraphy
Reservoirs
Haushi Group
Khuff Formation
Sudair-Gulailah-Minjur formations
Araej Formation
Diyab Formation
Arab Formation

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CONTENTS

Thamama Group
Habshan Formation
Lekhwair Formation
Kharaib Formation
Shuaiba Formation
Mishrif Formation
Aruma Group:
Ham Formation
Halul Formation
Simsima Formation
Asmari and Gachsaran formations
Seals and Seal Formation
Source Rocks and Oil Geochemistry
Traps
Oil and Gas Fields
Zakum Oil Field
Asab Oil Field
Bu Hasa Oil Field
Margham Gas-Condensate Field
Fateh Oil Field
Bab Oil Field
El Bunduq Oil Field
Sajaa Gas-Condensate Field
Jordan
.-.
History of Exploration
The Sedimentary Basins and their Hydrocarbon Potential
Dead Sea-Jordan Valley Basin
Azraq Basin
.;
Sirhan Basin
:
North Jordanian Highlands
Al Jafr Basin
Risha Basin
Basalt Plateau
Saudi Arabia
Tectonic and Stratigraphic Framework
Hydrocarbon Systems
Source Rocks
Paleozoic Formations
Jurassic Formations
Cretaceous Formations
Cenozoic Formations
Reservoir Rocks
Saq Formation
Tabuk Formation
Jauf Formation
Unayzah Formation
Khuff Formation
Marrat Formation
Dhruma Formation
Tuwaiq Mountain Formation
Hanifa Formation
Jubailah Formation
Arab Formation
Hith Formation
Sulaiy Formation
Yamama Formation
Buwaib Formation
Biyadh Formation

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CONTENTS

Shuaiba Formation
Wasia Formation
Lower Aruma Formation
Tertiary Formations
Cap Rock
Hanadir Shale Member
Ra'an Shale Member
Qusaiba Shale member
Unayzah Formation
Khuff Formation
Lower Sudair Formation
Marrat Formation
Dhruma Formation
Hanifa Formation
Jubailah Formation
Arab Formation
Hith Formation
Buwaib Formation
Biyadh Formation
Wasia Formation (Ahmadi Member)
Wasia Formation (Rumaila Member)
Aruma Formation
Dam Formation
Mansiyah Formation
Ghawwas Formation
Structure and Trap Mechanisms
Oil Field Examples
Supergiant Ghawar Oil Field
Harmaliyah Oil Field
Qatif Oil Field
Khursaniyah Oil Field
Abqaiq Oil Field
Yemen
Structural and Stratigraphic Framework
Hydrocarbon Parameters
Ma'rib-Jawf-Shabwa-Balhaf Graben System
Eastern Tableland
Northern Flank
Hadhramout-Jeza-Qamar Basin
Sayhut Basin
Red Sea Coastal Area and the Tihama Sub-basin
Gulf of Aden Basin

;
:

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647

Chapter 12: The Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Zagros Basin

Introduction
Southeast Turkey
Introduction and History of Exploration
Structure and Traps
Reservoir Characteristics
Paleozoic
Bedinian Formation
Handof Formation
Hazro Formation
Mesozoic
Aril Formation
Mardin Group:
Sabunsuyu Formation

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659
659
659
659

CONTENTS

Derdere Formation
Karababa Formation
Karabogaz Formation
Raman Formation
Garzan Formation
Germav Formation
Late Mesozoic to Cenozoic
Sinan Formation
Crude Oil Geochemistry
Source Rocks:
Paleozoic Formations:
Bedinian Formation
Dadas Formation
Triassic-Jurassic Formations
Cretaceous Formations:
Derdere Formation
Ortabag Formation
Kiradag Formation
Karababa Formation
Karabogaz Formation
Kastel Formation
Tertiary Formations
Seals and Seal Formations
Telhasan Formation
Kastel Formation
Mardin Group
Karabogaz, Sayindere and Beloka formations
Kiradag Formation
Germav Formation
Gercus formation
Oil Field Examples
Raman and Bati-Raman fields
Garzan Field
Dodan Field
Syria
Introduction and History of Exploration
Structure and Traps
Reservoir Characteristics
Kurra Chine Formation
Mulussa Formation
Butmah Formation
Dolaa Group
Cherrife Formation
Qamchuqa Formation
Soukhne Formation
Massive Limestone
Shiranish Formation
Jaddala Formation
Chilou Formation
Dhiban Formation
Jeribe Formation
Source Rocks
Crude Oil Geochemistry
Seals and Seal Formations
Mulussa Formation
Kurra Chine Formation
Adaiyah Formation
Alan Formation

".-.

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681
681
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689
689

CONTENTS

Sargelu Formation
Cherrife Formation
Shiranish Formation
Aalij i Formation
Jaddala Formation
Dhiban Formation
Lower Fars Formation
Oil Field Examples
Iraq
Introduction
Stratigraphy
Structure and Traps
Reservoir Characteristics
Khabour Quartzite Formation
Alan Formation
Gotnia Anhydrite Formation
Najmah Limestone Formation
Yamama Formation
Sulaiy Formation
Ratawi Formation
Zubair Formation
Shuaiba Formation
Nahr Imr Formation
Rumaila Formation
Mishrif Formation
Hartha Formation
Lower Fars Formation/Ghar Formation
Zagros Basin Reservoir Formation
Kurra Chine Formation
Butmah Formation
Sargelu Formation
Chia Gara Formation
Garagu Formation
Sarmord Formation
Jawan Formation
Dokan Limestone Formation
Upper Balambo Formation
Kometan Formation
Mushorah Formation
Shiranish Formation
Asmari Formation
Kalhur Formation
Serikagni Formation
Euphrates Limestone Formation
Jeribe Limestone Formation
Qamchuqa Group
Kirkuk Group
Source Rocks and Oil Geochemistry
Seals and Seal Formations
Cap Rocks in the Arabian Basin
Gotnia Formation
Ratawi Formation
Zubair Formation
Nahr Umr Formation
Khasib Formation
Shiranish Formation
Lower Fars Formation

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698
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698
700
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702
702
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CONTENTS

Cap Rocks in the Zagros Basin

Pirispiki Redbeds
Baluti Formation
Adaiyah Formation
Naokelekan Formation
Khasib Formation
Shiranish Formation
Aaliji Formation
Dhiban Formation
Oil Field Examples
Ain Zalah Field
Butmah Field
Kirkuk Field
Bai Hassan Field
Qaiyarah Fields
Buzurgan Field
Nahr Umr Field
Rumaila Field
Zubair Field
Iran
Introduction
Stratigraphy
Structure and Traps
Reservoir Characteristics
Zagros Basin Reservoir Formations
Faraghan Formation
Dalan Formation (Khuff equivalent)
Kangan Formation
Surmeh Formation
Fahliyan Formation
Garau Formation
Dariyan Formation
Bangestan Group
Sarvak Formation
Ham Formation
Asmari Limestone
Mishan Formation
Arabian Basin Reservoirs Formations
Khuff Formation
Khami Group
Arab Formation
Fahliyan Formation
Gadvan Formation
Dariyan Formation
Kazhdhumi Formation
Mishrif Formation
Jahrum Formation
Ghar Formation
Source Rocks and Oil Geochemistry
Asmari Formation
Pabdeh Formation
Gurpi Formation
Kazhdhumi Formation
Garau Formation
Sargelu Formation
Paleozoic source rocks
Oil Geochemistry

-.

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712
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CONTENTS

Seals and Seal Formations

Dashtak Formation
Kangan Formation
Hith Formation
Gadvan Formtion
Kazhdhumi Formation
Gurpi Formation
Gachsaran Formation
Oil Field Examples
Pazanun Field
Kuh-i-Mund Field
Masjid-i-Sulaiman Field
Naft-i-Shah Field
Lali Field
Agha Jari Field
Gachsaran Field
Bahregansar Field
Haft Kel Field
Bibi Hakimeh Field
Abouzar (Ardeshir) Field
Naft-Safid Field

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735

Chapter 13: The Hydrocarbon Habitat of the Oman Basin

Introduction
The Oman Sedimentary Basin
Source Rocks, Oil Geochemistry and Hydrocarbon Generation
Source Rocks
Oil Geochemistry
Infracambrian Huqf Oil Geochemistry
Infracambrian "Q" Crude Oil Geochemistry
Silurian Safiq Oil Geochemistry
Upper Jurassic Diyab Oil Geochemistry
Cretaceous Natih Oil Geochemistry
Hydrocarbon Generation and Migration
Burial History
Reservoir Rocks
Infracambrian Reservoirs
Cambro-Ordovician Reservoirs
Permian Reservoirs
Lower Cretaceous Reservoirs
Middle Cretaceous Reservoirs
Paleocene Reservoirs
Seals and Seal Formations
Infracambrian Seals
Cambro-Ordovician Seals
Permian and Triassic Seals
Cretaceous Seals
Paleocene Seals
Structure and Traps
Oil Field Examples
Fahud and Natih Fields
Al Huwaisah Field
Lekhwair Field
Yibal Field
Safah Field
Mukhaizna Field
Marmul Field

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CONTENTS

Nimr Field
Saih Rawl Field
Qaharir Field
Rima Field
Bukha Field
References
Index
Appendices

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771
772
772
775-811
813-843
A2-A99