Design of 5-Storey Commercial Building

Dalida, John Benedict M.

2014

Design of 5-Storey Commercial Building..........................................................................................................1

CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND.....................................................................................................4
Page 1 of 11

1.1 THE PROJECT:.......................................................................................................................................4

Figure 1.1 Site Location Plan................................................................................................................4
Figure 1.2 Perspective View of San Bartolome Complex Building.......................................................5
1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES:.......................................................................................................................5
1.3 THE CLIENT:...........................................................................................................................................6
1.4 PROJECT SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS:...............................................................................................6
1.5 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT:..................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS.....................................................................................................................8
2.1 Description of the Structure....................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 3: DESIGN CONSTRAINTS, TRADE OFFS AND DESIGN STANDARDS..............................12
3.1 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS.....................................................................................................................12
Economical..............................................................................................................................................12
Constructability........................................................................................................................................12
3.2 Trade Offs..............................................................................................................................................12
3.3 Design Standards..................................................................................................................................14
CHAPTER 4: DESIGN OF STRUCTURE.....................................................................................................17
4.1 Methodology..........................................................................................................................................17
4.2 Structural Design...................................................................................................................................22
Figure 4.1 Structural Design Flowchart..............................................................................................22
Geometric Modeling................................................................................................................................22
Figure 4.2 Whole Structure Model......................................................................................................22
Figure 43 Ground Floor Foundation Plan...........................................................................................37
Figure 4.5 Longitudinal Frame A to D...............................................................................................38
Figure 4.6 Longitudinal Roof Beam....................................................................................................39
Figure 4.7 Longitudinal 5th Floor Beam...............................................................................................39
Figure 4.8 Longitudinal 4th Floor Beam...............................................................................................40
Figure 4.9 Longitudinal 3rd Floor Beam...............................................................................................40
Figure 4.10 Longitudinal 2nd Floor Beam............................................................................................41
Figure 4.11 Transverse Frame 1 to 6...............................................................................................41
Figure 4.12 Transverse Beams at Frame1 to 6................................................................................42
Figure 4.13 Columns at Frame - A to D..............................................................................................43
Load Specifications:................................................................................................................................44
Load Modeling in STAAD Pro. 2007.......................................................................................................45
Figure 4.15 Governing Load Combination..........................................................................................45
CHAPTER5: CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................49
APPENDICES:............................................................................................................................................49
Page 2 of 11

CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND

An embankment is an artificial barrier that typically used to hold back water or to support a roadway,
railway, or canal. It consists of a series of compacted layers or lifts of suitable material placed on top of each other
until the level of the subgrade surface is reached. The main objective of the embankment is to provide an
engineered surface on which the pavement structure may be built. It must be stable , not prone to any type of failure
and the majority of settlement should occur within a specific period of time and should kept within tolerable limits.
The formation level on which embankment is to be built must provide a platform with an adequate bearing capacity
and acceptable amount of settlement.
The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) is having a project Mauban Tignoan Road to
be implemented by the year 2015. The road starts fSoil investigation together with along the site was done but the
design of the road embankment for the said road project is not yet done
It takes
The Municipality of Mauban is a first class municipality in the province of Quezon,Philippines. According to the
2001 census, it has a population of 61,141 people. [3] The town center lies 157 km (98 mi) southeast
from Manila and some 52 km (32 mi) from Lucena City, capital of Quezon province is politically subdivided into
40 barangays.
Tignoan belongs to the barangays of Municipality Real which are in the outlying area. The municipality Real with a
population of about 33,073 and its 17 barangays belong to the partly urban areas in the Philippines. While some of
the barangays developed modern urban structures, some others, especially those which are seated in the outlying
areas, remained rural. By the end of 2007 Tignoan had 3,387 residents.

1.1 THE PROJECT:

The proposed design of highway embankment is for the support of Mauban Tignoan Road with a total
length of --- km. The road provides easy access of transportation from the Municipality of Mauban, Quezon
province to Tignoan, municipality of Real, Quezon Province or vice versa. Some type of soil foundation along the
project is crucial for the design of the embankment such as soft clay soil. The location of the project is shown in the
vicinity map at Figure 1.2.

Page 3 of 11

Figure 1.2 Typical Highway Embankment along the Mauban Tignoan Road
1.2 THE CLIENT:
The client for this project is the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), represented by ---, --(position) DPWH is a government department which is responsible for the planning, design, construction and
maintenance of infrastructure, especially the national highways, flood control and water resources development
system, and other public works in accordance with national development objectives. The client indicates that the
project needs to be economical but safe from different types of failures and have long-termed performance.

1.3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES:

The objective of the project is to design a highway embankment in compliance with the necessary codes and
design standards to support the Mauban Tignoan Road that satisfy the following criteria relating embankment:

Limit settlement to an acceptable amount

Limit the time taken for an acceptable amount of consolidation settlement to occur
Provide adequate stability
Provide adequate bearing capacity
Provide a platform for the road pavement

1.4 PROJECT SCOPES AND LIMITATIONS:

The project focuses mainly on the following:

Designing of road embankment for the Mauban Tignoan Road reinforced by geosynthetics
Provide complete plans and details of embankment considering the settlement of embankment and its
foundation in the design.
Designing of embankment stability based on short and long term behavior of the embankment.

The project is limited in some aspect of design and these are the following:

The project is limited only to the design of embankment and does not cover its construction process.
The designers did not conduct the actual soil analysis of the proposed site but instead rely on the data
provided by DPWH.
The project will just introduce and will not design other means that can accelerate the rate of embankment
settlement including application of pre-compression and installation of vertical drains.
Page 4 of 11

1.5 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT:

The design project had undergone different stages in order to achieve the project objectives. Cited below
(Fig. ) are the said design stages. It starts with determination and conceptualization of the project wherein the
designers consider the clients need together with the project budget and locations. The designers then identify the
input parameters needed for the project. After gathering the input parameters, the designers will now sight for the
possible constraints for the project and will then explore design alternatives considering all the constraints. Definite
design for these alternatives will next be undertaken then it will be modeled in software such as Settle 3D and
OASYS SLOPE. Data results from the design process will be analyzed and will compare to each other. Finally, the
client will decide which design they will accept for the project.

Figure 1
CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS

Page 5 of 11

Figure 2.1 Perspective View of Framing Plan

2.1 Description of the Structure

The Five (5)-Storey Commercial Offices Building is to be design as a Reinforced Concrete frames along
transverse section and longitudinal section, every floor has an access elevator located at the middle of the building
this will provide a comfort for the occupants and there is an access stairs both sides of the building besides the
elevator. There are 4 rooms at the ground floor, while 5 rooms at other floor (2 nd to 5th floor) and has a two comfort
room for every floor located at the back corner of the building which are divided into two for both male and female.
Each room has a corresponding area and function as shown in table 2.1.

Table 2.1 Rooms Classification with corresponding area

Room Description

Function

Area

Page 6 of 11

1 Admission Office (6.0m x 5.0m)

Office

30m2

1 HR Office (6.0m x 5.0m)

Office

30m2

Canteen

60m2

5 Rental Rooms (@ 2nd Flr. To 5th

Flr.), 3 rooms are (6.0m x 5.0m)
wide, and other 2 rooms are (7.5m
x 4.0m) wide.

Offices for Lease

30m2

2 Rest rooms for both Male &

Female for every floor located at
both corner of the building (5.0m x
4.0m)

Comfort Rooms

20m2

1 Canteen / Convenience Space

for Lease (15.0m x 4.0m)

AREAS (not including the

stairways)

12m2

Rooms function and corresponding quantity

This table shows the number of rooms per type.
Function

Quantity

Admission Office

HR Office

Offices for Lease

20

Comfort Rooms

10

Canteen

1
Total

33

Page 7 of 11

Figure 2.2 Ground Floor Plan

Figure 2.3 2nd to 5th Typical Floor Plan

Page 8 of 11

Figure 2.4 Front Elevation Plan

Figure 2.5 Left-Side Elevation Plan

Figure 2.6 Right-Side Elevation Plan

Figure 2.7 Rear Elevation Plan

Page 9 of 11

CHAPTER 3: DESIGN CONSTRAINTS, TRADE OFFS AND DESIGN STANDARDS

3.1 DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
Economic
As indicated by the client, the proposed project needs to be economical. Therefore, economic constraint is a major
constraint for this project and really needs to be considered. Different methods of designing the embankment on
soft soil may be effective but some are too costly. The designers will focus to the design methods which perfectly fit
the soil condition with reasonable cost. Design cost may increase due to the need of the proposed design to have a
long term performance.
Sustainability
The design will focus on long term design which greatly affects the economic aspect of the design which is also a
constraint as stated above.
Environmental
Based on the soil investigation provided in Chapter 2, there are some soils along the soil foundation of
Mauban Tignoan Road which was found to be soft soil. Soft or loose soils are incapable of supporting additional
loads so the design of embankments on that kind of soil will be crucial. The designers will also focus on identifying
innovative materials and construction techniques to solve the problems that will occur regarding the proposed
highway embankment design where soft soils are present.

3.2 Trade Offs

Based on the constraints stated above, two construction methodologies were considered on the floor system
design to satisfy the requirements of cost and speed of construction. Using the model on trade off strategies in
engineering design by Otto and Antoonsson, the importance of each criterion (on scale 1 to 5, 5 with the highest
importance) was assigned and each design methodologys ability to satisfy the criterion.

Design Constraints

Importance ( scale 1-5)

Two way slab

One way slab

Economical (Cost)

Constructability (Construction
Duration)

Overall

24

TOTAL

Page 10 of 11

Table 3.1 Design Trade Offs

Page 11 of 11