EE 735 : Microelectronics Simulations Lab

Circuits Assignment-1 (Due on 17th October)

1.

Input-output characteristics of the inverter

Rd = 1k

Rd = 5k
Input-output characteristics with various RD

Rd = 2k

Rd = 10k

Inference:
With the increase in the resistance Rd, the transition width (of input voltage) between output high and
output low decreases and the output low voltage at input high voltage also decreases. Thus, increasing
Rd improves the noise margin of the inverter.
The larger the slope of the linear region at the transition, the larger will be the gain of the amplifier
used with this inverter sub circuit, but the maximum output voltage swing will decrease.
Reason: Since in the transition region the transistor is in linear region,
W

2 )
= (( ) 0.5
=
2L

Differentiating above equation w.r.t. VGS i.e. VIN , we get

W
2L

Thus, as RD increases, the magnitude of the derivative increases. Thus the transition becomes more
sharp as the drop is faster in the linear region.

2. DC analysis plot IDS vs. VGS

VDS = 0.3V

VDS = 0.7V

VDS = 0.9V

VDS = 1.1V

Thus, from all above curves, VT = 0.6 V

At VGS=0.8V, the device is in saturation for all VDS used to plot above curves. The current for
VDS = 0.3V is 0.35mA and for VDS = 0.9V is 4mA.
From the current equation in saturation region IDS (1+VDS).
0.35

Thus, 0.40 =

1+0.3
1+0.9

= 0.25

Also, gm = slope of the curve in saturation region

=

= slope of the ID vs. VGS curve.

VDS (V)
, mAV-2
gm ( mAV-1 ) at VGS=0.7V
rds = (1+VDS )(IDS)-1 at VGS=0.7V
0.3
1.5165
1.4
21.5 k
0.7
1.5165
1.6
22.0 k
0.9
1.5165
1.641
21.3 k
1.1
1.5165
1.674
21.4 k
-1
Thus, we can assume that gm = 1.64 mAV , rds = 21k at the operating point (VGS=0.7V, VDS=0.9V).
Now, consider the plot of ID vs. VGS at VD = 0.9V

= 2L (( )2 )(1 + )

_______

At VGS = 0.7V, (VGS < VDS + VT = 1.5), ID = 0.2271 mA

5
0.2271 103 =
0.01 (1 + 0.222 0.9)
2 0.2
Thus, = 1.5165 mAV-2

in saturation region.

The ID vs. VDS curve for VGS = 0.7V is as follows:

From the curve slope, , for larger values of VDS, i.e. in saturation region,

= 2L ( )2 = 8.760*10-9* = 4.2*10-5 AV-1

W

At VDS = 0.9V, ID = 22.7*10-5 A = 2L ( )2 (1 + 0.9)

Solving the above two equations, we get
= 0.222 V-1
= .
= 1.516 mAV-2
Thus, the results obtained are almost same as that obtained from ID vs. VGS curve.
3.
The magnitude(id)/magnitude(vg) vs. frequency for applied small signal gate voltage(0.01V peak ac)
at VG = 0.7V, VD = 0.9V

Thus, = 1.6421 1
The (vd / id) vs. frequency for applied small signal drain voltage (0.01V peak ac) at VG = 0.7V, VD =
0.9V

Thus, = 22.15
4. The circuit will be :

The small signal equivalent of the above circuit is:

So, = ( || )
Thus, = ( || )
Specifications:
VOUT = 0.9V, gain = 5,

VG = 0.7V

Now, since as all other parameters (voltages, ) are same as calculated in previous parts.
Large signal calculations,
Current through RD = Current through NMOS.
0.9

(( )2 )(1 + ) = 1.5165
=
0.01 (1 + 0.222 0.9)

2
2
0.9

= 9.0975 103

This gives,

1
= 98.93

From gain, since

= 22.15

, our current value of rds follows the relation:

0.2271 103
= 5.59
0.9

Thus, || = 0.848
If all the above conditions are satisfied,
we get || = ( || ) = 5.5 > 5 as specified.
So, if

= .

condition is met VD will be 0.9V and gain will be 5.5V.

So, I chose W/L = 25 as in inverter and hence RD = 3.95k.

5.
The output and input signals w.r.t time are as follows:

Input signal = 100mV peak-to-peak,

Output signal = 542mV peak-to-peak,
Gain = 5.42

Input signal = 200mV peak-to-peak,

Output signal = 1021.2mV peak-to-peak
Gain = 5.11

Input signal = 400mV peak-to-peak,

Output signal = 1520mV peak-to-peak,
Gain = 3.8

6.

The differential input and output for 200mV peak sinusoid input is

Output = 1.723 V p-p

Input = 0.4 V p-p
Gain = 4.31

Now, for the given differential amplifier circuit, the Vb should be such that the current through the
voltage source equals the one with 0.3V at the source.
Thus, from previous part of the same question, IDS = 0.227 mA.
Now, from the ID-VGS curve of the nmos transistor at VD = 0.3V we get VG = 0.745 V for the same
current.
Thus the corresponding input-output curve is

Input = 100mV p-p

Output = 463.33mV p-p
gain = 4.633

AC analysis :

Input = 50 mV peak
Output = 234 mV peak
Gain = 4.68

Thank you.