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CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
PROCEEDINGS
JANUARY
(VOLUME
19 1
XIV)
LONDON
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET,
1917
W.
11
CONTENTS
ROLL OF HONOUR
....
PAQE
APPENDIX
.107
.174
18th, 1915,
176
.180
.181
184
.187
.232
248
251
253
.......
....
....
.....
.
255
256
257
258
259
.260
262
263
264
.265
IRoU of Ibonour
" Their names who dared
For
tliat sxveet
Nobly
nobly to die."
BROADBENT, M.A.
L. W. HUNTER, M.A.
DURNFORD, B.A.
W. LORING, M.A.
M. HEATH, B.A.
W. L. PAINE, M.A.
A. E. G. HULTON, M.A.
C.
H.
R.
S.
R.
to do,
1917
On
was held
(Mr.
hood
an
its
Neighbour-
an Introduction
White Rose
Yorhshire.
Under the
title
to the
At
W. Rhys Roberts
read a half-hour
from
first
performance
of the Birds in the spring of the year 414 B.c, Professor Roberts
was sought to
^
A few
establish in Leeds.
it
meeting,
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
had already been given, in the English of Godley and Bailey and
of Gilbert Murray
the Birds had been postponed owing to
the war. What characteristics would the students who performed the first two plays in the cycle, and the audiences who
saw and heard them, expect to find in the third ? Satire, first
and foremost. In the Birds, the longest and perhaps on an
;
the
amomit
of bird-lore
and
Nearly
in the
fifty
and
On
other sides
Mr.
Mum-o
Damon
of the University).
him from
They would
sung by our
him and
remember
Sir
Sir
alliance.
like pleasure
The choruses
dialogue,
of Aristophanes, as they
made
their
hearers feel
creative
man and
at the philosophies
is
He
air.
among them
them he mocked
The nightingale
all
lark as a singer
By Englishmen
and
no distinctive place
the lark
it
may
nightingale
is
dawn he and
in the
We now
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
The
One is
and promote the study of
the ancient classics by vindicating for them their due
place in the course of instruction both in schools and
in universities.
The other aim is to exchange ideas
among ourselves, by speech and through print, about
classical antiquity, its deeds and its thoughts, and the
practical.
It
to defend
is
me
of addressing
at this
moment
you to-day.
a definite prac-
tical
will begin.
Address
That the study of the Greek and Latin languages
should be now disparaged need cause no surprise, for
a reaction against the undue predominance they enjoyed
in education a century ago was long overdue.
What
is
remarkable
and
is
them
a remarkable fact
to explain.
The most
changes of the
striking feature in
it is
not hard
the economic
of workers,
now
deeply rooted,
between the
knowledge of applied science and material prosperity.
It is this association of ideas, rather than any pride
in the achievements of the human intellect by the unassociation,
pretty
forces at
work
in the service of
that never
before thought
dividual persons
see, or
man
the
scientific.
Two
more
other
reflective
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
10
repulsive
knowledge
of
language
either
who
of those
Oxford or at Cambridge,
sufficient
doubt
to
afford
rest of
life.
yearly graduate at
if
a previously unseen
piece of Greek.
many
come
to the con-
was wasted.
people
facts.
Let us recognise
thrown.
Let us
also
discard
must
retire to
ourselves there.
You
spirit.
We
11
should be exact.
Along with
guage,
to
this
know
how
he should learn
the
precise
to use
lan-
between the
differences
precisely,
And
And
knowledge.
knowledge
How
is
The
field is infinite,
a selection to be
One may
made
and
it
What
expands
sort of
daily.
two
classes of
all
the products of
human
thought,
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
12
that belongs to
all
stitutes
the
latter
Every one
whom
in
know than he
that which
of
may seem
will ever
it is
lives,
more things he
to go on learning.
How,
should begin,
for
life
let
as a whole, so that
the most
it
may
fit
men
to
draw from
life
it
first
know how
to
come
to
such
full of
branches
of
natural
history
as,
for
instance,
13
of those
researches
into
the
constitution
stellar
apply criticism to the study of ancient" texts or controverted historical documents profit from whatever
tific
brethren,
nation
show,
both
in
literature
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
14
and
use
in
its
science
This
and
is
learning,
to emphasise
for
and
is
what
all
I desire
that
makes
and
training,
human
life.
and
for
They
are
helpful
for
many
because in
all
we have
all
practical
avocations,
men
and
15
some perhaps
tell
that he
life
to delude, other
may
not be called
fellows.
belong to the
human
field.
To
it
nature
To understand sines and cosines and logknow how cells unite into tissues, and of what
itself.
arithms, to
utmost practical
nodding acquaintance with the bilberry and the bearberry. None of these things, interesting as they are to the
Pericles and
student, touch human life and feeling.
Julius Caesar would have been no fitter for the work they
they had been physiologists or chemists. No
one at a supreme crisis in his life can nerve himself to
had to do
if
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
16
under a stroke of
reflecting that the angles at the base of an
action, or comfort himself
It
is
to poetry
fate,
by
isosceles
we
hand are
accessible to us
all.
it
is
permissible to refer
to
to
upon us
letters
and history in order to make way for hydrocarbons and the anatomy of the Cephalopoda. The
and
arts
far,
details in
then,
subjects are
much
made
and discredit
their study, calling them "dead languages," and asking
of what use can be the grammar and vocabulary of a
tongue no longer spoken among men.
But what we are really thinking of when we talk of
the ancient classics is something far above grammar
and the study of words, far above even enquiries so
that too
illuminative
as
Philolog3^
It
is
those
is
of the languages,
which
belong
to
Comparative
not
and
style merely,
but
all
17
suggest.
This mention of the books, however, raises a preliminary question which needs a short consideration.
Is it necessary to learn Greek and Latin in order to
appreciate the
writings
What
is
and
authors
ancient
profit
by
their
Can
they give us, if not all that the originals give, yet so
large a part as to make the superior results attainable
from the originals not worth the time and trouble spent
in learning the languages
Much
of the
charm
of style
life ?
remark that
all
experienced
and hold
is
it
an
civilised
languages,
possess.
Let
us
return
It is
to
the
a difficult
those
may
The
underestimate
latter,
how much
its
better the
original
may
be.
It
is
those
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
18
in the
sound
(or Latin)
opinion.
Prose writers of course suffer least by being transPolybius and Procopius, Quintus Curtius and
lated.
Ammianus
tetus
reflections,
their
Epic-
precepts and
Most of us find the New Testament more impreswhich was at its best in the age of Shakespeare and Milton, than in Hellenistic Greek, which had
own.
sive in English,
declined
so far in the
first
had
The
their influence in
making us
the
some whose
full
feel
Even among
writers of
when the
be
more,
but
in
we may
Homer and
renderings of
give to
to
some
some
19
of the verse
of those admirable
If
we
Style
them
in the very
much
and
neglected,
to noble literatures,
and
are too
their
value as gateways
Do
The question
day
is
this
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
20
belief.
be imposed on
enter a university.
It
is
and Latin.
it
draw
of efficiency.
We
if
we drop
trial,
who
it is fitted
21
continuing to be
it
to confer.
may
proceed thence
prosecute
know
them
better than I
Solved
it
must
to the universities
and further
Many of you, as
do how this problem may
there.
teachers,
be solved.
be, if the
life
of
all civilised
modern
peoples.
From them
Roman
source.
To the
ancients,
and
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
22
owed
all
own.
and
appreciating
grace,
words
may
the
Aeschylus
onwards
^these
are
still
living
influences,
is
the theme
itself
new shapes
in the
be worth
poem
citing.
of the
Roman
world
is
to
Virgil
region
is
23
The scene widens at each stage, and the vision expands. The historical import of the second vision
passes under the light of a
new
of the
is
human
imagination
their
feeble
souls
home
of the departed
is
The
height-
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
24
In
it
mythology are
fields of
and
stars
summer
evening,
when
sharp and
cFear.
The
Homer)
of the Present.
cend
all
dreamed, because
human
experience.
its
glory and
its joj^s
trans-
mon
^^Titings,
the only
common
Every well-educated
man in every educated country is expected to have
some knowledge of it, to have read the greatest books,
to remember the leading characters, to have imbibed
the fundamental ideas. It is the one ground on which
possession, of all civilised peoples.
they
all
meet.
It
is
therefore
know
may
the}^
little
equally open to
till
However
25
them
all,
and equally
familiar.
all
Down
over Europe
prose.
The
sense that
all
Ancient History
is
the key to
all history,
military
monarchies.
we have only
It is
patriarchal
cities
government take shape, that the conception of responsible citizenship strikes root, that both ideas and institutions germinate and blossom and ripen and decay, the
institutions overthrown by intestine seditions, and
finally by external power, the ideas unable to maintain
themselves against material forces, and at last dying
out because the very discussion of them,
their
realisation,
seemed
hoj^elesg,
and
it
much
only
less
re-
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
26
as
well
as
in
field
of
in the closest
the
In no other history are the conand interworking of all these types and forces made
We see and understand each through the
so manifest.
other, and obtain a perfect picture of the whole.
So also are the annals of the imperial City a key to
The tale of the doings
history, but in a different sense.
statesmen, and orators.
tact
Roman
of the
people
is
but
it
is
of
after
it.
of the
Roman
Force
It
by
insis-
Roman
example as the
their
as
manent value
But high
as
still
is
this per-
higher
is its
whom
it
nations,
as
whom
it
had
ruled, all of
taught.
of provincial
fied
some of
27
all
it is
Without a
impossible to understand
how much of the JMiddle Ages has lasted down into our
own days, nor how in the fifteenth century the long- silent
voices of ancient Greece
refine the
the
paraphernalia,
were different.
Most of those appliances were indeed wanting.
The
Athenians in their brightest days had few luxuries and
not many comforts. They knew scarcely anything about
the forces of Nature, and still less did they know howto turn them to the service of man. Their world was
small.
The chariot of their sun took less than five
hours to traverse the space between the Euphrates and
the Pillars of Hercules, and many parts within that
space were unknown to them. Civilised indeed they
were, but theirs was a civilisation which consisted not
in things material, but in art and the love of beauty,
in poetry and the love of poetry, in music and a
all
sensibility
to
music,
of
in
civilisation
profusion
of
intelligence
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
28
refined,
versatile,
expressing its
thoughts
active,
through wonderfully rich and flexible forms of speech.
There was little wealth and little poverty, some inequality in rank but not much in social relations
women were
Yet
it
v>as
almost
everything
may
virtues, as
one
brought in
its train.
except
religion
and
those
new
Human
what
it is
men
simplicity, as the
light
of
of Athens
a Mediterranean
29
home
to Ithaca.
of Lucretius.
What can
later classic
It is
one of the
be more impressive
in simple force
progress
and
life
of
mankind
as a whole.
It
is
the
constant aim, not only of the historian, but of whosoever desires to have a just view of that progress,
again in
new
all
in Cicero's speeches
and
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
30
letters.
tottering to
its fall
dangers
remedy against
were trying,
like
superstition
Boethius
Cicero
and
his
friends
consolations in philosophy.
the future,
new
religion.
Thasos.
in
the
and
Herodotus was
Thrace opposite
cities.
wisdom by
Pnyx
listened with
Or go back to the
stirring
find,
31
130
lines,
We
see
and another
sun and the full-orbed moon and the other marvels wherewith heaven is crowned, and round the rim of the shield
rolls the mighty strength of the stream of Ocean.
To carry in our minds such pictures of a long-past
world and turn back to them from the anxieties of
our own time gives a refreshment of spirit as well as a
wider view of what
be hereafter.
into
memory,
man
To have immortal
is,
and may
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
32
many
tell
it is
how
the
our Europe
ills
how
often in that
ancient world, no
less
greatest disciple.
In moments of despondency, such as come sometimes to the stoutest hearts and may have come to
talons
its
The one
omen
is
best
5'
IleLdeadai'
EiV
EiV
iirl
tQv ovti
S^^L
fTr'
fxeraTpiwofi',
01)5'
dXiyl^u,
dpicTTepa.
Trepl
naTprjs.
still
liglited
burns
still V\'ith
as bright a flame.
move
vote of most heartfelt thanks to Lord Bryce for the able and
am more
83
We have had
No one
and on a great
It
of affairs.
is, I
than
singularly useful
life, fulfilled
both of
of being invited, as a
sincerity of conviction
arrayed.
It
is,
all
life
to those
There
is
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
34
What,
it
is
it,
is
to come.
we think of
we should be
If
putting our whole heart and will into the struggle, and that, by
had
it
will give us a
member how,
in that
Many
life.
mighty passage
of
you
will re-
in
an eagle renewing
its
to the reordering of
our English
words
may
life
be worth quoting
That then the people, or the greater part, should be, more than
up with the study of highest and most
important matters to be reformed ... is a lively and cheerful
'
is fresh,
is
...
For, as in a body,
so
it
when the
cheerfulness
safety,
think there
is
pleasurable
of corrup-
we should
find
young again.
Upon no
will
be
35
'
(I
had
is
life,
He
and Rome.
plain that
we
and history
of Greece
made
it
two
that
the friends
a decree of
tion.
It
ejection
mensa
et thoro,
partner literature
its
think,
We
that for
all
and experience.
make
it
we do
all
that
human
is
life
whom God
We
cannot
ness and efficiency and range, both in our schools and universities.
All
we
claim,
is
life
new
genera-
for thqjn.
I had intended. Ladies and Gentlemen, to enlarge somewhat
upon this theme, but during the course of Lord Bryce's address
I made, you will be glad to hear, a self-denying ordinance that I
would refuse to inflict these remai'ks upon you. I felt that every-
thing that could be said about the claim of the classics upon
far
than
could
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
36
attempt to do.
to
me most
clearly while he
and
am
civilisation will
We
race.
talk a
if
That, indeed,
is
Professor of Humanity.
We
is
described
the
humanity
best served when all our people, of every class and every degree,
can be made familiar in their daily life and thought with all
that in the past has most truly enriched the blood and uplifted
is
fortified
Dr Michael Sadler
(Vice-Chancellor of
Leeds)
" There
is
only one regret in our minds to-day, which is that Lord Bryce
left something out of his address and that the Archbishop did
that was in his mind. I have noticed no fall in the
atmosphere of the hall since His Grace began to speak
and may I, as the seconder of his resolution, thank not only Lord
Bryce, but the Archbishop for what they have both said to us this
not say
all
spiritual
morning ? I think, my Lord, that you must feel that your labour
coming to Yorkshire has not been wasted, that you know how
deeply appreciative we are here of what you have said to us, and
what you have done for education, and that you feel that what
you have said to-day, not only to us, but to the whole country
in
and to listeners far beyond these islands, could not have been
spoken in a more appropriate place because this University,
;
37
which was founded not many years ago by far-seeing men with
the first purpose of a profound study of nature, has quickly and
inevitably developed into a place of wider education, in which
the Humanities and Arts had to find an equal place with the
"What you have set before us as the bourne
is, indeed, that which in our own place we
Physical Sciences.
and
ideal of education
and we
hope that
all
your words
always inspired by the guidance which has fallen from you to-day.
At
first
like the
sight
it
district
landscape
living in the
nature in the country, and the more that you are thrown into
is
feel
history.
ears.
More than
that.
The
industrial
all
over the
power
natural that
it is
it
should be so
is
and in the
second
do not say many, but some, both among the young men and the
minds to
achievements.
You
among
find
own
and modern,
here,
is
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
38
hope
it
may
be possible for
imagined a
man
built
of physical study
study
is
the whole of
life,
v/e should, as
one of the
rank of
life,
I trust
of her education.
The
men who
will carry
and not
schools,
fii-st
who show
it
may
i.e.
on the tradition
need to draw into their service some of the ablest minds of the
younger generation with a sense of vocation and of national duty.
Above all, Lord Bryce, we thank you for the spirit in which
you have spoken. It is because you yourself have done what
you told us to do that your address has been so convincing. We
thank you for the courage with which you spoke and the courage
with which you inspired us. As your address drew to its end there
came into my mind the words of the verse cited by Herodotus,
tXtjQl Xiwv arXyp-a iraOhiv tt A770T1 OvjxQ,
Bear thou unbearable v/oes
with the all-bearing heart of a lion.' That is the lesson which
England is learning, and which you have helped us not to forget.
'
to
we
to-day."
Lord Bryce
my
thank
my
friend
Dr
39
am
mitted to you.
w^e
must endeavour,
may
be in the arguments
we have
to meet, to
on the country.
I feel
no doubt as to
May
I also
for the
honour
this spirit
conveys that
will
it
devote
itself
was glad to hear of the extent to which humanistic studies have been advancing here in the University of
Leeds.
I well remember how Dr Sadler's predecessor, Dr
.Bodington, after he had been here for three or four years, spoke
to me with a certain measure of sadness of the small classes it
was then possible to collect for Latin and Greek, and he expressed
a fear that humanistic studies would be overborne and maable to
task before
it.
is
calculated to
make us
feel that,
as elsewhere,
it
here,
no contest at
all
means and
thank you
of
all
what
it
very heartily."
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
40
At
was adjourned
by
The afternoon
session
opened at 2
o'clock,
on The
position of the
cational
subjoined,
Resolutions
the
of the
own
science,
of business,
full
recognition
is
'
of education
This reconsideration,
a risk that
it
we may
skill
are the
in
which
most obvious
factors
great
war,
reforms
among
we
fix
we
may
foster
are fighting
to-day.
EDUCATION REPORT
41
utmost
It is of the
essential to
life.
efficiency.
Technical knowledge
less
than
and problems
interests
ideals of
its
and human
of politics, thought,
may
life.
It
and
with
art,
If
we
we
shall
we
importance.
Even
from aspects of
life
of even greater
is
Some
of its
insisted that
heart,
We
is by no means identical with the latter.
might enthrone physical science in all our schools without acquiring as a nation what we most need, the persuasion that knowledge is essential to success, and that this knowledge means
facts laboriously gathered, wisely selected, and carefully tested.
that the former
This
scientific
science
all
method
is
good work in
all
studies
is
based upon
all
it
it
is
branches
method
human
6
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
42
In this education
Rome must
tion
is
ledge of
The small
city
of Europe.
life
student
is
life
of
ignorant of the
first
contented
Nor can we
statesmanship.
structive
afford
to
neglect
the
In urging
this,
we do not commit
do we claim for
it
any
all
its
artificial privilege.
details.
We
Still
cordially
country.
Further,
we
scientific research, of
where
it is
still
extending
own
importance of promoting
out that
much
past state of things, and ignores reforms which have been already
effected.
It is
EDUCATION REPORT
science
is
of Latin,
compulsory in
and
all
43
(Signed)
Bryce,
J. B. Bury,
Randall Cantuar.,
F.
Huth Jackson,
Frederic G. Kenyon,
Horace Lamb,
Cromer,
CuRZON of Kedleston,
Alfred Dale,
F. W. Dyson,
Walter Leaf,
Donald MacAlister,
EsHER,
C.
H. A. L. Fisher,
Edward Fry,
W. Ridgeway,
A. Geikie,
G. 0. Trevelyan,
Gilbert Murray,
W. Osler,
Oxon,
E. H. Seymour,
Alfred Hopkinson.
(Professor W. Bateson desires to add
his signature as in
general agreement, provided that Natural Science be first recognised as an indispensable part of Secondary Education.)
'
It
terms, expressed
it.
policy;
Classical, English,
Mr. R.
W.
Livingstone.
The
line of policy
harmony
who
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
44
of
knowledge and
for education or
scientific
who
little
With
end in view
this
but as a
common
basis of action
The following
resolutions,
drawn up by a Conference
repre-
Modern Language
and
Historical,
intended to form
basis
for
it is
they
laid
all
of their views,
Some
agree
'
are simply
that
scientific
'
'
which
employed
humanistic
studies
five Associations
They
of
are
five
common measure
accept as a basis.
down do not
They
by the
action
Associations.
common
'
'
humanistic
'
and
scientific'
'
studies
should
be
scientific,
would
and
humane.
coming reconstruction
to restate the
'
of our educational
humanistic
'
drawn up
in
no
spirit of
interested,
their
more par-
education.
EDUCATION REPORT
sentative authority, tliey would
welcome
45
offers of co-operation or
1,
Oak
The
resolutions
conference
(1)
are as
follows
It is essential that
humanistic and
(2)
of the
any reorganisation
make adequate
of
our edu-
scientific studies.
of studies,
whether humanistic or
of all others is a
scientific, to
the exclusion
In
all
that the
(3).
reform of education
first
object
is
it
the training of
human
beings in
Bryce,
Frederic
On
(i.
Kenyon,
Cromer,
John Buchan,
On
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
46
Douglas W. Freshfield,
H. J. Mackinder.
On behalf of the Geographical
*
Association.
H. Firth,
C.
T. F. Tout,
On
Edmund
Gosse,
Herbert Warren,
On behalf of the Modern Language
Association.^^
This invitation
Academy
is
of a
new
Council.
The
repre-
in it as
members
of the
Academy
Committee.
societies interested in
'
EDUCATION REPORT
may show
47
by the
Studies
and
will
include
all of
desirable
it
becomes
these subjects
up
is
un-
education.
studies,
may
be brought into
line,
The following
Meeting
resolutions
will
be
moved
at
the
General
its
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
48
and resolves
all classes
and
civilised
That
and history,
and acts of mankind
and with the laws and processes of nature as ascertained
and applied by science
(3) That the study of the classics, as essential to any full
appreciation of literature and insight into history, should
be placed within the reach of all who have the capacity to
as recorded in literature
pursue
(4)
it
That the
just claims of
tion
is
broadly
(5)
based on a true
human
scientific
be met
classics, if all
educa-
in a
spirit
That premature
specialisation in
is
may
other studies
and
of its students."
of Council
honour
first
between
be continued to a
later date,
it
and emphasise.
number
Owing
of
busy
49
spoken of in
of Scientific Societies
the Report, nor to arrange for the extension of the Council for
Humanistic Studies but both objects will, I hope, be achieved
;
week
or two.
Committee
'
for a conference
organisation
of representatives of each
and
Ray
December.
It
was
large extent of
conference
Lankester, in
and established a
common
this
isation in
iirging that,
up
to a stage
which
may
English, in
representatives
mathematics
of
the
'
and
in
Neglect of
natural
Science
The
science.
Committee put
'
for fuller
of
the
information as
which
it
was
what
precisely
may
it is
if
we know
AVhatever
step in
the direction
of
of
detriment of education.
later
questions
dealing
with
the
teaching
of
languages.
The
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
50
Eeport.
make economies
devoted to
ally
purpose
same time
at the
it would
and which
exists,
it
or exists inadequately.
mean an education
done so for
many
and probably
is
to ourselves,
that a classical
much
not so
it
it
should do
In
so.-
my own
ought to do
subjects
may
it
modern languages.
does not do
so.
so, I
The proportion
not be sufficient
If
should be the
there are
first
any
to urge that
of
but
is
the
which
directions in
it
can be found
classics.
are, I
The
principal
think, three
the
some aptitude
for languages
to those
the
By
is
boy has
increased.
all
main
object
is
other subjects
all
who
We
but our
advocate
by
profiting
because
tliem,
51
we
training,
history, of politics, of
metaphysical philosophy.
We
other
own
literature,
man
and
modern countries
towards
its
We
its spirit.
own
its
methods and
special subjects,
they should be able to appreciate the importance of other subwith them s}Tnpathetically in the course of their
jects, dealing
life
so that there
one
man
We
of
as to the scope
with these
results,
but that
it is
is
if
But while
subjects to a
ordinarily,
think that
somewhat
we should be prepared
to
admit these
what
are
there
is
The
adequately represented.
ideal
which
is in-
boy
or
make
is
all
who
all
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
d2
One
exceptions
is
we
the recognition
scientific
all
and
subjects in municipal
am
fevv^
the import-
education
shall
of
and
schools.
me
that the
moment
is
past,
There
propitious.
is
for
In this connexion
Education.
Fisher
It
is
is
are others
much approval
classical scholar
own.
There
as Mr. Fisher.
my
us.
he has continued
is
He had
it
his education as a
as an eminent historian
is
appreciated
to
him with
many
we
trust
him
may be
them.
sities
and,
it
lisation,
it
applied, but
I will
if
If
you are
to limit specia-
you make
to the Universities.
enpe of
53
and Cambridge.
without studying Greek, but which will secure that their education has been based on all these difi'erent subjects which
we have
A resolution
What
which
have
is
most heartily
them
who
It
life.
We
are
is
matter in education
is
it,
tions,
justice,
and our
in
short,
is
our cause, in the victory of justice in the long run. We are serving
the country in the most practical way in om- power if we press
for the recognition of the classics
educational problems."
by
all
who
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
54
Professor Gilbert
this resolution
but
we owe
am
how much
dealt with
it.
of concord
way he has
of that spirit
due to
his tact
and
my own
modesty.
to
when he went
to
jerk of the
'
I should like
to so
much.
We want to
spread education to
we spread
and character.
That
merely makes a
man
is
to say,
all classes,
community
a thing
and we want
a tool, which
We
need,
to use in the processes of industry or competition.
in Kant's old phrase, to treat each man not as a means, but
'
as an end,'
valuable.
want
to produce
by
education.
is
of
^fxepov
make
'
it
which bears
something that
tame,'
55
is
gentle
To find the same idea adapted to modern circumstances, I recommend the little pamphlet. What Labour wants
of Education, by Mr. McTavish of the Workers' Educational
and
fruitful.
Association.
The second
is
mankind as
recorded in literature and history,' and ^yith the laws and proI
cesses of nature as ascertained and applied by Science.'
agree most strongly with Lord Bryce's remarks on that subject,
as also with Sir Frederic Kenyon, that there is no clash no
clash at all between the true pursuit of letters and true science.
The honest attempt to understand, the real wish to know somethat is the same all through.
thing, to get below the surface
Some of our friends, at times, speak as if science was dull and
unimaginative.
That is quite untrue. The true understanding
of any subject implies the use of jthe imagination.
Take such a
concerned both with
'
sim.ple thing as
will realise
'
Piece of Chalk.'
what a stimulus
it is
to the
it
may
beauty
you cannot understand anything getting
below the surface and penetrating without seeing beauty. I
think also we may fairly say that we wish them to love hioivledge.
An education by which the people are not taught, or do not
natm'ally tend, to love knowledge does seem to me a poor and unsuccessful affair.
I doubt if anybody has ever got very far in his
education without loving knowledge. Further, we hope that the
I
think I
education
we speak
learner
is
know
that a
The
things.
learner
character
is
not cant
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
56
-^
have a
stilling
the voices
of
is
have sometimes
found,
suit of
subject,
outer
life
The
own
of one's
which
in
all,
the whispers
egotism.
history.
mere
most
movements
how
modern
we put
shall
it ?
that
the
record of what
human
of
from Greece.
happens
in
first
flower
In history
it
was
in
so
in
the
first
by Rome.
and
That
Roman
is
why Greek
literature, art,
and philosophy,
education.
Of course there
was saying,
full of
is
also
humane
There
is
also
Roman
literature,
one of the
of the classics.
But
Thoughtful
men
any subject
in the
which
I
recommend
this point.
it
as something
that
is
alive
literature,
it is
obvious
Greece
is
little longer,
but
it is
still it
57
to
It is the
same with the great French and German writers. With Racine
and Goethe it is obvious, but it is true also of the others. You
cannot steep yourself in the literature of modern countries, or
their philosophies, or art, with the determination to get to the
bottom and understand them, without the way pointing eventually back to Greece and Rome.
That is why the study of Greece
and Rome is such an invaluable foundation. We all know
Maine's saying that there is nothing that moves in the world which
is not Greek.
Mr. Livingstone has capped it by another saying,
equally true, that there
At
is
which appeals to
me
very strongly.
is
not Roman.
of the case
remember discussing
Even modern
it
in
classics all
The
us.
and often
some
is
interplay.
we
join.
But ancient
We
litera-
are reading
again, I think that the study of the classics will be one of the
we
and
who
imaginative
life of
mankind, do
immediate atmosphere of
to beauty,
afterguards.
feel as
strife.
We
not this
is
know
in the world.
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
58
by
great
men
men who
rages,
'
'
God
in its deepest moments
ancients we find them engaged
beauty,'
is
'
always moving.
If
whom
antagonism.
we go
to the
'
the love of
'
'
think that
is
fifth resolutions
We
problems of teaching.
v/ill
mean
in which there
is less
languages, can be
In a
speech made
states
recently in the
90 per cent.
It
means that
all
the things
we
nation.
and
If
Think
of
are at present
full
girls of
the
duty to
all
the dispossessed 90 per cent. I can only say that there will be, for
We
We
have a scope
exceedingly
by
difficult.
Sir Frederic
age of sixteen.
Education
little
will
am
Kenyon
be able in
some way to
the Board.
a
59
W. Livingstone
Mr. R.
"I
they arise."
will deal as
That
'
The
it.
make
Education and
of
teaching of Latin and Greek in every local area, as will place these
studies everywhere within the reach of pupils from all classes of the
It is not a question of
forcing
anybody
compulsory
to convey.
have no idea
if
they wish
It does not
to.
of
them
mean
that
is
Greek
classics.
it
embodies,
If
it
simply that
it
we
many
What
schools.
wish to urge
is
who
classics to
more
definite,
think
The question
it
make
more
as to whether Greek
new schools
German Gymnasia, had better be
it will
is,
confining ourselves
present.
is
classics,
and
No doubt
in a
them
who
will
wish to
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
60
But it is
learn them.
whether they
will
anotlier question
be taught
all
The
taught.
He
rower of Aberdeen.^
1888
same
effect in
notice the
We
is
begun.
lycees
The number
and
colleges,
of pupils in that
in 1908 that
number had sunk to 866. And this was in a country where Greek
was far more universally distributed and had a far stronger
tradition to support
I
am
it
than here.
That
pulsory Greek.
is
Greek in particular
do
find
it difficult
classics
and
to maintain themselves
be schools
of protection
over the
all
me
If
We
We
are
community which have not yet had it. They are classes which
will be educated by the newer Secondary-schools.
Eton and
Winchester and the old residential Public-schools are not in
industrial areas,
man
them
as
Map
many
profit.
of the
Aberdeen
of the classics in
The
and
classics kept,
still
61
before,
is
make an attempt
education.
quarians,
or
to
privileged
new
classical
classes
of
the
community.
They
make
We
it is
humanly
possible,
they shall be
Dr
J.
Kay
no
We
what we have
whom we
not done,
we
and
for
are not
various ways
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
62
we can meet
It seem.s to
now
we
a golden opportunity.
my own
provincial town,
is also
I believe
sliall
we have
said, that
it
where provision
least
find that to a
their suggestions.
is
made
for
some school
advanced teaching in
at
classics,
classical teaching
very small minority, I find now that this vicAv has been for a long
air, and suddenly one discovers that we are all of one
time in the
mind on the
that
of doing
considerable extent
There
is
We must
widened.
is
a matter of detail.
weakness of the
'
classics
can be much
classics is
The
real
I feel
that there
is
Dr
man
is
all classes.
We
ought
from elementary schools, who have gained, and will gain, entrance
scholarships at the Universities, and other Head-Masters could
confirm
my own
The question
suggestion
is
experience.
is,
how
is all this
to be
done
Mr. Livingstone's
difficulty.
We
want
be asked how
63
The suggestion
Grammar
now Master
As one engaged in the teaching of classics, I should like to
mention one or two points of a practical nature. I should like
it
of
Marlborough College.
is
Then
will not
Secondary schools, as a
rule,
be
have
actual leaving age has been very different from the nominal
leaving age
it
has been in
many
is
to be Latin.
It is satis-
will
have
considered
count
e.g.
the question of
profit.
Some
It is these questions of
per week
would want to do
There is also the
question of how much time should be allotted to Greek at different
I think the Council would do well to
stages in the curriculum.
all
schools
circumstances.
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
64
to fight his
own
and
battles,
have more
will
Head-Master
may have
difficulties to en-
if
other people.
I
who
tion
are Tutors
of points
raise
is
which boys
If speciali-
much
would
difficult to get
a great deal of
make boys
verse composition.
comes
for considering
Miss M. H.
Wood
how
"
'
think
it
rider should
all classes
of the
I sliould prefer
secondary schools.'
'
am
65
pupils in the
all
two
schools, one of a
provide further
and
facilities,
facilities, as
it
it might be said
was not necessary to
make such
'
provision for
which
is
There
same
mover of the
Livingstone
comprehensive.
Greek in every
area.
On
you wish every Secondaryteaching, you might like to have the opinion
Mr.
Nothing
of the
is
if
rider."
It
"I
spoke
local area,'
think as
of
'
it
the
and
of
stood
it
teaching
'
was quite as
Latin and
of
the nation.'
Miss
Wood
"
might have no
classics taught."
Mr. J. V. Saunders
means.
Wood means
Miss
If the resolution is
moment
passed as
it
stands,
it
is
at least one
to another.
child,
would
So this motion,
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
66
something
more
likely pupils
"
We
we want them
make
to
But, even
it
is all
if
on to
Lord Bryce
" This
is
into'
Let us continue
and Miss
Professor
what
to
is
Wood
to see
Sonnenschein
if
"I want
to
make
a suggestion as
faces us,
How
is
physical
our blessing
science
curriculum in such a
that
is
way
lies
make
Ut iam nunc
If
as to
we want
object.
we do not
Indirection
me
disci.
sixteen or eighteen,
particular
discat
to be,
how
to
often
the
wisest
direction,
make
it
modern languages.
67
is
be a Governor.
months
six
till
quoted of
went
What
to college.
want
to suggest
is
till
they
and
literature
(2)
elementary mathe-
matics
and
in this
list.
It
not
is
(3)
my
J.
May
utility of
is
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
68
He
same time.
idea of general
has to study an
grammar
I consider that
two things at
would be better to separate them.
point.
I want to enter a plea for the
it is
it
That brings me to my
and intensive study
effective
grammar
of English
all
as
a pre-
other languages.
It
modicum of English
Latin grammar
they must at
is
grammar
before they
come
to
insisted
*
to get an
upon
more or
That point is
Committee
less.
it is
own
But
want to-day
and
so forth.^
much
have of
home
foreign language.
This
is,
will suffice,
if it is
properly
read what
of English
grammar
It
is
se,
mainly
rare.'
in
of the Curricula
rate, it
69
between
'
and
'
much
just as
'
me
'
When
and me.
the distinction
may be
But
grammar, the
an Indo-Germanic language.
a
grammar
to the
grammar
made
'
The Board
of
conception
like
is
case,'
'
and
'
mood
'
is
on a very
reflexion
little
old
is
due
been imagined
Education
This
itself
has
extraordinary mis-
'
its
is inflexion,
of the sister-
as
as having
it
its rights
must be recognised
It
not understood.
of
terms
These are
so",
the supposed
grammar, and
the grammars
its
mark
venient means
of
young pupils
external
of its sister-languages.
Inflexion
But
it is
is
merely an
It is a con-
on the minds of
not necessary for
thought
it
much
in order to
make my
way
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
70
This
is
The essence of it is
members of the
so taught it
if
it is
of
it
might seem as
'
objective.'
Therefore
dative.'
between
'
objective
'
it
'
is
objective
'
'
'
if it
accusative
is
and
at stake
is
For example,
would serve as
What
accusative
in English
To
the question
'
;
two
cases,
is
whether
same
classifica-
away a potent
you make the most of
instrument of teaching.
Whereas
if
grammar be
encourage
to
grammar with
ease
and rapidity.
him
English
lose.
'
of educational
and
colleges
whereby
sufficient
may
Mr. Pickard-Cambridge
is
really
resolutions
themselves.
Nothing,
think,
and for modern times than the fact that orders from Berlin
should have been issued to the German Universities to conduct
a campaign against Demosthenes. It is interesting that our
chief
enemy should
You
is
71
say in the
way
But
these resolu-
educational centres in
many
know what
do and
say.
What
about
I feel
we have not
faced
has alluded to
it,
but
it is
that
we
if
are
must
classics
clear.
sacrifice
which
I
That
perfectly
is
welcome
on reformers the consideration of the
of the reorganisation, and of the distribution of time,
Sonnenschein.
details
something in time.
is
It urges
absolutely necessary.
have had a
little
many
appreciable
amount
it essential for
of this fact,
of the time
now
given to classics.
and that
it is
I think
it is
aware
is
first
for
general education.
by way
of illustration).
versities (mainly
Both
done
(I
There are
at public schools
It is
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
72
We
out-of-the-way authors.
our
to
and most
literature of
examiners
if
did not
well.
A second
We require
we should not
illustrations of
grammar.
In the course of
many
inspections of
and so on.
was inspecting a
great public school the .other day, the class being taken in one
to
principle illustrated
genitive,
to the master,
'
objective
the
etc.
terms at haphazard.
He
of the grammatical
'
is
Oh
some
literature
yes
suppose
it is
world
but
it is
Then I suggested
him that he might, by way of encouraging boys to take a
proper view, read to them Professor Murray's translation either
before or after the lesson, and he said, What ? Murray ? Is
I came very near
there a Greek scholar named Murray ?
despair. We do far too much of this applied grammar.
Then at the Universities, and to some extent at schools, we
could drop a great deal of the learning up of variant readings
a mere exercise in memory whereas any advanced scholar dealing
splendid material for teaching grammar.'
to
'
'
'
'
practical use.
And
time by a reduction of
It is of
and
amount
73
very
deal of
I don't
moment
of composition of
an
You have, no
Greek or Latin.
is
doubt,
out
'religion,'
'conservatism,'
to
rated,
it really is
jxaXa yevvoLov
i/^euSos,
The value of advanced composition is much overand we can save a considerable amount of the time now
but still
if/v8os.
given to
it.
With regard
may
be mentioned.
hope that
extreme specialisation in classics and other subjects is likely
to be given up fairly readily.
One of the previous speakers
Examinations at the
Within the
last
month
or
some
they liked.
in science,-
tion than
we
Some
expected.
offer
offered papers in
Many
far
more response
to that invita-
schoolmasters welcomed
it, and
some pupils not only did well but increased their claims to a
scholarship, or made their claims good, by the help of these
papers. If that practice became common in colleges, the
10
The only
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
74
thing in the
way
which makes
Then
tion.
as to
am
is
it difficult
Dr
to work.
sure he
is
Almost
last
twenty or thirty
years.
made more
specific.
would have
is
that
it is
'
processes of nature as
confess I should have
war
it
'
'
the
political, social,
world.'
ledge
It is
is
meant
is
to include
it
in
'
and
literature
is
it.
know
history.'
the Council
The
difficulty
to any
full
it is said,
'
of the classics,
it.'
After
'
history
'
who have
would add,
'
and
Those
are of no use
is,
who
determine
if
it
is
in
75
words to that
effect."
own
attitude towards
it
gathering.
Oxford with a
classical scholarship.
It is
have had to
classical course
boy
is stale
There
is
he wants some
am
relief to his
'
and
have been
sick of them.'
The
course of reading.
one
of
'
'
boy,
who comes up
Some
'
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
76
I find,
forced to continue
the line of classical study, that they do not work with enthusiasm,
is
Board
of Education, it
less
Oxford
to the University
vv^ith
classical scholarships.
who come up
These resolutions
If this Association,
with
its
would express a
resolutions, that a
classical scholarship to
own Honours
course,
I should be glad."
Mr.
men
W. Edwards
But
tions.
want
of Head-Masters, as
and the
classical
"
way
to
in which they have proposed the resoluput before you one or two difficulties
When
he
said,
added
'
'
and
criticise
He
certainly,
But
nobody can cavil very much at the resolutions as presented
to-day. They are very sound, quite general, and perfectly
innocuous. It is when you come to details that all controversy
One thing, however, I am very glad of, and that is that
begins.
inherits the pugnacity as well as the eloquence of his race.
years in a large
number
of them.
all
State-aided schools.
This
is
quite true.
now
exist.
77
on sheer
It is directed against
a state of affairs which existed forty years ago, but which has
from the bulk of our Secondary-schools
practically disappeared
It will
make
this
It has
my own
school,
which
is fairly
science for
many
years past.
We
But
I see in the
think
it
was Professor
Armstrong who endorsed that, and said also that he did not mean
to refer to any special boys here and there, but implied that the
recovery of our lost industrial supremacy rested in giving a
We must not
scientific training to every boy in the country.
that.
and
more of any value.
What is wanted paradox though it may seem for our intended
scientific experts is not more science up to the age of sixteen, but
more of the humanities, just as much as we want more science for
schools with science, to the exclusion of every ofJher subject,
you
May
I give
you
The Germans
some academic
distinction,
who
passed through a
Gymnasium
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
78
and the University of Heidelberg, and, being in receipt of a handsome salary, was a successful man, even if judged by the standards
He wished to make the two boys who were in my
of Yorkshire.
He
how
little
said that he
but
'
but
it
The best
particular study.'
specialist is the
man who
so,
own
has had, as
is
for the
boy who
is
That boy
will
probably never
left school.
How
Livingstone
is
it.
difficult
all
who have
to find
are
?
we
Mr.
should be
a desire to pursue
many boys
or
many
parents
boys
for their
for
We
the Keport
'
(p. 2)
The small
life of
city
Europe.
by
communities
who
is
life
No
it
It is
won't do,
I believe
lie
follows
of the
thoroughly in
all
that
boy
79
like that.
is
in this letter.
unconvincing
it is
is
tioned
common
it is,
it
is
men-
not an argument
The
does not.
glories of
must go back
who
what
struggles
up
to
Xenophon and
We
Caesar.
I consider a
capacity.
is
to
He
going to be.
'
want him
Greek will be
of
practical subjects
say
no use to him.
which he
He
What am
'
I to
But
you have raised an interesting question the practical subjects
which the boy will use in after-life. What are they ?- Mathematics ? Geometry ? Will he use that in after-life ?
There is
no subject which a man uses less in after-life than geometry.
Geometry must be discarded
algebra must go. Science must
?
I reply,
'
he
if
likes.
'
go, because
after-life.
a very small
percentage of boys
is
practically no subject in
after-life.'
At
last
up
'
that,
if
he
is
his fortune
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
80
Town
business
to
man and
says,
'
my school
you from
man
ask,
'
The parent
Council.
Again,
of a
?
'
is
go to a
And
the business
Not a word
about Latin and Greek, but not a word either about German,
What
French, or Science.
the business
Now
man wants
is
character,
many
To sum
without thinking
may
it
it
trains
method
all
complete man,
This, I believe,
but, while emphasising this, I would not have you imagine that
I
way
before you."
Professor
Postgate
"I
rise
to
some members
my
think
of the Association,
it
when
not
of
the
English
Association.
When
Professor
and
its intelligent
teaching, I
than
I care to
remember makes me
as anxious as
also that
language which
you
is
is
what we have
to contend
teaching of Latin
and by
letting
by admitting
this spectre
is
yoiir
me
81
a most un-
fortunate argument.
If
we
and that
then
let
is
the condition
and do not
let
vantageous, in teaching Latin, than the consideration of everything from a Latin basis,' and I should regret very much any
'
There
another point.
is
minimum
demanded.
In the course of
this, I
have
my
experience at a
felt
It is not
You may
a subject
kill
by
it
'
:
as a valuable aid
for the
up in regard to
Does not the question of the
time-table mean an important matter, and not one of detail ?
(I am regarding it from the point of view of girls' schools.)
In
:
many
have a small
the
amount
place,
of time falls
amount
is
time that
subject
is
of
What
worth while
11
is
What
is
it is
the
Even
a vital
minimum
it is
the
minimum number
for a pupil to
study
of years during
which
it
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
82
back to
tlie
study of Latin at
all ?
If it is possible to
my Lord, with
on this point
We
cent.
say that
'
is
essential to
then
it is
is
that
all
we
apprecia-
If it really is essential,
full
what makes me
any
pupils in
That is
some
classics.
chance of such knowledge, and I should put the minimum somewhat below what Professor Postgate suggests. What one aims at
is
if
is still
Latin teaches
'
accuracy
'
'
a certain
have
I
way
said, the
We
must beware
of
Even
But what
is
been
possible
my Lord,
kind of mistake
my
wheel.'
pupil,
'
:
It seems to
by the study
such a sentence
me
very
of English
difficult to
grammar
bring
home
to a
it
some
makes
in
'
83
'
'
'
question.
Wood
as to the valuable
But
if
of hours
weapon
if
minimum number
of hours
number
make much
of general
of his
mother
tongue.
claims which
grammar.
much
should be limited as
it
On the other
we should agree that
recommend to the general
of the pupil.
is
We do
unscholarly.
at the general
want
is
sloppy, inaccurate,
meaning
of
what the
classical
authors said.
We
mental
discipline.
Therefore the
Lord Bryce
interest to
progress for
at
all,
" So
many
all
educational
in speaking
my
dis-
posal.
In the
first
place,
it is
satisfactory to
all
differences
know
on minor points.
We
are
we should
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
84
and no one
by them.
which the classics have been exposed to the greatest danger, the
of that
when
relief
were
failing,
vigorous
life.
but which
of better teachers.
is
of
of the speakers
supreme importance,
is
the getting
in
Board
of Education,
be sufiered to
case of those
fall
who show
studies pursued in a
more
it.
With
classical
we may
85
and better
results.
Miss V/ood observed that not more than 30 per cent, of the
pupils can be expected to derive benefit from classical studies.
I
am
there
most teachers
now
as things
is
who do
that
not,
the
If
pretty large.
to, is
But
It
what used
to be
eight,
When
it is.
pupils
come
by
or nine, the teacher finds that a great deal has been done
is
it
and history that has been shown to-day (by Mr. Pickard-Cambridge and by Mr. Edwards from different points of view) but
because a population which has not itself received the kind of
it
stimulating education
is
not
fitted to
desire to present,
appraise an
educational value.
You may
think that I
am
will
become
'
a vested interest.'
But
it
am
it
and
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
86
our people have been mentally more vivified, wlien they find
that the
men,
their
view
will
the last fifty years a great change in the attitude of the most
capable
m_erchants
highly trained
and manufacturers.
men from
for
men cannot
be too well trained and too broadly trained for success in the
careers of industry
I v/ould
it will float
now provided
as
much
is
Some one
type
Here we
and commerce.
said,
with perfect
That
needed.
is
do not mean that we might not AV^ell have more, but merely
we now supply enough to meet the demand. The fault lies
at present, not with the Institutions, which are numerous and
that
demand
men
has been feeble, because they have not yet learnt to put the true
value on scientific knowledge.
If
of instruction,
has justified
crisis,
its existence,
and
is
showing
itself able,
at this
schein.
I
whose terms
The
'
form, but
That
hope she
really include
Wood
is in it
87
of
Education and
make such
provision for
place
Avill
all classes
of the nation,
Vote as follows
and
colleges
whereby
sufficient
word
this evening
am
for
going to ask
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
88
knew what
What
Address.
which he surveyed
however,
may
it
forcement.
The
That
is
a subject which
so
far,
at least,
is
of
if
no
But
agree.
it is
also a subject
for us,
new meaning.
'
Among
these
is
fits
man
he says, which
and magnanimously all
peace and war.' Few would
It is that,
'
be disposed
novv^
it.
in the stress
in its
conduct of
life
little
is
at whatever cost, to do
more than
of poetry
of
life,
it.
This
if
we
is
We
if life is
to be
it is,
is
a function
what
if
it
ought.
we
are as
89
and
life-giving
that
it
duty more
justly, skilfully,
and mag-
nanimously.
In such matters,
latet
in generalibus
it is
is
I will
Dolus
not spend
is,
v.-hat all
not so
much
create an imaginary
live.
The
that
which we actually
is
term
the poets,
Latin civilisation
these they
full
may have
agreement as to
felt to
But
it
is
useful always,
is
and more
make
sure that
still
in
12
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
90
the more
we can
better.
For more reasons than one, the Odes of Horace are such a
and well adapted to the object in view. In the
crucial instance,
they occupy, as having been and still being the schoolbook of the European world, a well-known and accepted place in
any advance towards acquaintance v/itli the classics. Secondly,
they are a body of poetry which is not only historically famous,
but easily accessible to all who have such educational advantages,
as are now widely open to all classes. Full appreciation of them
is, no doubt, one of the last rewards of trained scholarship
but
any one who has begun to learn Latin, and mastered its elements,
first place,
on
its
is
important.
which as a mere story told in prose would be, and is, arrestIn the Greek tragedians we have not only
poetry, but the vivid representation of human action and suliering.
system and
of a great philosophical
duct.
In Virgil
by
its
probably unequalled, by
any language, ancient or modern. With Horace
quite difierent. The three books of Odes (to
any work
in
the
is
case
to
seventy
six
under thirty
in
lines
studiously
they
length, their
simple,
average length
deliberately
first
being
restricted
in
Many,
acquaintance slight
THE
OZ)^;^'
OF HORACE
Yet
to day.
many
for
and
centuries,
91
from day
have been not only the school-book of youth, but the handbook
of mature years, the solace and chosen companion of age.
Longer
acquaintance only confirms and increases their strange potency.
It is only after mature experience of life that his full charm is
felt, his full meaning understood
To each successive age he
'
'
'
seems to express
its
own
familiar
them
are both
in the
experience.'
These
strictly true
what he adds
is
wisdom and
my own
of
;
'
This
more
is
closely
this purpose
is
thing by
It is a thing
is
Poetry
is
that
it
itself.
by
itself in
untranslatable.
many ways
The form
is
and one
of these
the substance.
is
In instances
that might seem to traverse this general truth, what has been
more or less successfully transferred from one language into
Now
in the Odes, as I
it is
needed for learning Latin enough to be able to read them, gradually to appreciate them, and to take from them into our own life
what they have to give.
Let us, then, approach the point more closely, and ask what sort
and interpretation of life the Odes offer. It will help
of pattern
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
92
us to do this
origin,
if
and the
we look for
life
a,
of their
of their author.
i)i
of
Horace
life,
poetry
in
the years in
which he
fully
found himself.
the real
youth, educating himself, creating, not for himself only, but for
the world and for future times, a type of the civilised mind.
He
by
and
but,
self-sacrificing care,
afiorded.
wasted.
livelihood,
fell
into
Naturally, as he
pieces.
himself into a
man
He
created,
it
may
almost be said,
how
was
it
ambition
gifts or
life.
It
is
for
the world
is
we
it
that he
see
may
and
limits.
It
is
in his later
he become completely
free
from
on
jars
needless self-depreciation.
let
ii
93
a little as
Yet
if it
be a
fault, as I
think
we must admit
that
it is
feel
an one as ourselves.
self
poetry at
we
that
all,
find, slipped in
romantic touches;
it is
in
among
It
is
find,
words,
quod
'
many thousands
whole of
of
'
;
'
ire
'
life.
The Odes
and
tested,
and
It
of the pattern of
is
life
empyrean
and sympathy
it
It does
Nor
inspired as some
by the passion of humanity
and labour
is it
of the people.
From
the
great idealisms, from the intenser passions, from the deepthrusting and far-searching range into unexplored regions, he
whether
with
He
social or individual.
life
Michelet,
'
that
is
to say,
it
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
94
elle ?
by
L'infiui.'
deliberate choice,
have
in his
people can
live,
life
convex mirror,
workman
at his
he
is
It
plumb on the
is
centre,
and
his touch
is
certain.
merely
Echoes of them, indeed, there are
in all subsequent
hands
recaptured.
But
rarely,
and only
in the
of Malherbe
Le pauvre en
He
And
Our own Gray,
whispering oak.
detached observer of
life
age-long use.
As with the
Psalter
inequalities, faults.
itself,
Some
them
repetitions,
seem unworthy of
THE
0Z)E5
OF HORACE
95
to
It is
among
them, are habitually referred to, not by their titles (for they have
none), nor by their number in the series, but simply by their
We
opening words.
own
daily
life.
central
But both,
enormously different
in their
and fundamental
permanent
lights
on
life
v,^ays,
are
and aids to
living.
may
readers, as to
be
and poetical
indeed
questioned.
To impatient
those who ask from poetry opulence of language and
has been
sweep of imagination, they have seemed thin, bloodless, even shallow or superficial. Their stringently limited range of thought and
feeling, like the scrupulous frugality of their
wording, lends
itself
colourless prose
fulfil
words
a double function
it is
is
The
likeness
is
just
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
96
of the.precise, delicate,
ordinary
human mind.
'
Ex
is
exactly true.
It is
not only that phrases of his have grown into such universal cur-
phrases simplex
but that the whole
like
he
is
whose simplicity
is
the translucent
medium
of a fine
and even
life
a task as endless as
it
it
a single verse
field.
man two
it
filling
Flumina
constiterint acuto.
and notice
in
('vide?,' 'audis')
is
first word
same absolute
firmly in the
certainty
tells,
first of
the
still
97
monplace
communia
proprie
dicere, in
and
common
to all
human
human
and
beings,
feelings
life
and note in them the grave rhythm, the ordered arrangement, the
weighed and measured words, the parsimonious epithets. Note
the two great bell-strokes of the repeated cedes, cedes, in the
former verse
line,
enables
him
by
their extra-
all
is
its finest
which
meaning into a
It is this
essence.
'
'
'
linquenda
two famous Odes (1. 28, II. 3). In this quality he gives a model
and not to poets alone, but to all of us, which may well
be taken to heart, even if it is beyond our attainment. Tennyson,
in a beautiful sonnet, names Horace with Virgil and Catullus as
happy in having lived
of
to poets,
Had swampt
to
all
they are
It
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
98
That counsel
nintli year.
lie
last
work, only
Jerusalem
'
:
God
is
is
in heaven,
therefore let
It
is
this
distilled,
which shows
itself in
'
'
than in colour
'
nescio
so
this feeling
trivial
it is
may
an ashen-grey delight.
It
is
more than
was 'given
in England,
it
a shadow.
'
fulvis
et
dead languages.
But these languages, and the world of which they are the recorded utterance, are, as we know, not dead but alive and they
It
is,
live
us,
but in
us.
is
The
bounded range of
Whatever else there may
limited,
central.
life as,
it
goes, true
but indispensable.
heights,
it
If it
does what
is
99
it
gives
is n*ot
life will
only important,
lift
us to the
leads
us
on the way.
low, an unsatisfying, an
us rise beyond
it.
Ah, from the old world let some one answer give
Scorn ye this Avorld, their tears, their inward cares
I say unto you, see that your souls live
A deeper life than theirs.'
'
Nor
is it
'
message
'
life
is
what
is
called,
not
epicureanism, except
and conduct.
It goes
light sensual-
'
of hiscovmsel to
qua populus
'
Alongside
laboret,
'
dissentientis con-
dicionibus foedis,' and going quietly to torture and death for the
honour
of
Rome and
for his
own honour
as a
Roman.
Here
is
cruelty
of these
it is
carjpe
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
100
ficial
Here
itself for
all,
all
It goes
to the meaning of
life
'
the
little
sphere of
human
life,
granary-floor that
we
it
too,
and expressed
it also.
it
in our
all its
subtleties
In the eyes
of the
goda
War-laden
galleys,
not the senseless laughter and weak tears of those who live for
the quiet smile
the lust of the minute, but the due tear,'
'
'
(*
debita lacrima,'
'
lentusrisus')
tested
felicity of
let
it,
mastered
me
it,
it.
his
him
of
when he ended
it,
he had
wrought himself not only into a man of the world, but into a gentleman into the Horace who fixed an attainable standard for his
fellow countrymen, and for succeeding ages. He knew this
himself, though it was part of the change in him that he lets that
change be
felt
but never
insists
on
it
or displays
it
or preaches over
Between the Prologue to the Odes, with its uncertain note, its
uneasy humility, and the famous Epilogue, lies a world of selfconquest and self-realisation. In that Epilogue he has, in a few
splendid lines, equally free from doubt and from arrogance, anticiit.
VOTES OF THANKS
101
'
may make
blast
superb claim
would
It
be, I
But there
zens.
Horace not
it
least
is
and
sure, superfluous,
is
is
unbecoming,
all citi-
and daily
To the faint-hearted
before the end, be more than
it will,
can bear.
I think
among them,
Civilisation
help.
it
am
ratified
to say a single
I shall not
may
perish,
if
the soul
It is a task in
power to do
among
its living,
imceasing, irreplaceable
Professor
am
In
sure those
all,
and
me
that never has he been better and more inspiring than to-night.
address.
On
we
feel,
sure
to
us in
Dr
Mackail's
am
From
the
negative side
perhaps
stimulative
it is
also,
unexpected
to
most
of us this
Again,
is
it
would seem
vital for a
we should
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
102
to visit
Horace
is
It
me
seems to
that the
Dr
religion
'
Mackail's
still
further.
Mackail
cited,
with
its striking
His justification
was
is
so skilful that
we
credit
of the
borrowed
wares.
This
is
know any
all
of Horace,
who has
in an
do not
it
more impressive,
'
:
it
the Association
who asked me
said to himself,
'
I will calculate
which
has
VOTES OF THANKS
travelled the greatest mileage to
103
tliis
came
book
Dr Roberts's
inimit-
Horace.
of
To us
schoolmasters,
who
up poetry and
And whether he is
life.
on
Virgil's outlook
Nihil
tetigit
Dr
Mackail's are
is
Homer,
or imaginatively describing
may
pleasiu'e in
which
am
sure
Mackail, to
whom
once
what
he has spoken,
suggestion, so that
it
because
all
he says
is
of
full
is
one which
as it
is
find itself
when
it
comes to
a city where
to
its
and further
significance to
It gives a
new
we
find that
but
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
104
We
men who
are not
Cambridge.
We
'
cloistered scholars
You
of
'
felt,
Oxford and
and to
tell it
receive us in this
way, and show the sympathy of your City in our work, and we
that our work
is
feel
is
encouraged to go on,
how
increasing in the
official position,
the
my Lord Mayor,
Lady Mayoress
also,
William Worsley
to second the
Resolution
is self-evident
but I can assure you, my Lord Mayor,
on behalf of the members of the Association, that we do most
highly appreciate yom' presence at our meetings, and your hos-
position
and
I shall
may
resolution
105
be carried by
acclamation."
am much
William
Sir
obliged to
you
for
the kind things you have said, though I have not done anything
to deserve them, because, bearing in mind the great importance
May
this
has been
all
I,
my Lord Bryce,
Mackail
the
My
perfect
am
very
much
obliged to you."
Thomas
of the British
is
Museum.^
the
Lisle to a
Ten
by Hahn
of these,
in 1900.
French
literature, or to
is still living.
is,
kinduegs of
14
Dr Thomas.
by Reynaldo
One point in
is
indebted to the
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
lOG
Lecoiite de Lisle
ing.
was born
some
came
Rome, the
compcrfer
inspiration in
The
and a modern
fact is
classics
....
Neere
Vile potabis
Lyde
Tyndaris
Odes,
I.
19.
20.
,,
I.
III. 26.
I.
III.
Pholoe
Phyllis
17.
15.
IV. 11.
An
was devoted
to a few words
dming the
first
Tritonius'
A much
earlier setting of
Ode
last
'
a translation
Est mihi
this
nonum
superantis annum.'
Sapphic Ode
is
set
to
In
the tune
no doubt a traditional
air,
Horace's
own
time."
BUSINESS MEETING
107
lield in
Kenyon
in the chair.
The Eeport
of Council
Professor Slater.
REPORT OF COUNCIL
The Council
is
membership
been
have been somewhat circumscribed, owing to the special circumstances of the time.
to the
Dr Mackail attended
Sir
the
by
Dr Conway,
while
by the
British
Academy
by
May
Vacancy on Council
The vacancy on Council occasioned by the absence on warwork of Miss P. B. Mudie-Cooke has been filled by the election of
Miss G. Holding, Hon. Treasurer of the London Branch of the
Association.
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
108
Occasional Publications
of
Professor
Dobson
and No.
Masks and
Acting,
by
Principal
Jevons.
Obituary
Council records with deep regret the loss of a firm friend to the
Classical Association,
studies,
Edinburgh.
Roll of
Honour
now
C.
H. Broadbent, M.A.
R.
S.
Durnford, B.A.
R. M. Heath, B.A.
A. E.
Ct.
L.
W. Hunter, M.A.
W.
W.
L. Paine, M.A.
Loring, M.A.
Hulton, M.A,
The Board
the time,
balance
it
its
is
number
of
sales of
books published.
is
due to the
both Journals,
of advertisements,
a serious item.
cent.,
and postage
REPORT OF COUNCIL
109
of the
Classical Quarterly
summarising
of the
for
'
classical periodicals
allowances
;
sum
for assistance in
'
services.
is
confident that
it will
be able to main-
to
take this simple way of contributing their share to the maintenance of knowledge and higher education under the stress of
the European War.
in 1915
ment
stitution
M.A.
J. F.
Dobson. M.A.,
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
110
help during his three years of Editorship, the Board's best thanks
are offered to Mr. Bailey.
The appointment
of Mr. S. Gaselee,
in proposing the
year.
adopted.
Mr.
P.
S.
the
members
is
little
over 100
Subscriptions paid for the current year were 153 less than for
1915
Composition
Fees,
Fees,
and
subscriptions
were
12s. 6d.,
and
7.
The
last
Nos.
this, subscriptions in
hand to the
111
amount of the Leeds grant were held over for the following year.
The total receipts of the year are 332 3s. lid. compared with
364
75. Sd.,
is
last year's
360
7s. 6d. to
330
12s. Id.,
This increase
is
financially a
10
9s.
Eule
17.
'
may compound
'
included as a
'
recommendation
'
of Council
'
in the
Report
of
resolution.
112
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
subscriptions,
AViNBOLT
Mr.
seconded
the
adopted.
Sir
Frederic
be welcome to
Ken yon
all
members
It
him
(Applause.)
would be impertinent
You know
known.
have
all
You
literature.
We know
as a lecturer
much
certainty that
Mr. Murray
is
them
sure
it will
year, which
\^e
who
for themselves.
further, I
am
may
classics,
that
and
gifts
qualities."
Robert Allison
an omen of success for
Sir
scholar as Professor
It is
Murray should be
willing to
come
to the
to
at the present moment.
We
man
all
the citadel,
know
may add
if
may
so say
one who
is more
modern world.
fitted to
affairs,
recommend Greek
and
He
has
know no
literature to the
ELECTION OF PRESIDENT
113
or
fessor Gilbert
he
here,
is
and
Murray
is
as
influence
on American
two years."
The appointment
last
the
of
Murray as President
coming year was carried with
of Professor Gilbert
Association
the
for
acclamation.
Professor
Murray
this,
of
'
manning the
We
citadel.'
we who have faith and love for the classics, and the position
is not made less complex when we are ourselves opponents of
the old rigid classicism which looked down on modern subjects
and almost prided itself on its ignorance of natural science. As
all
is
is
definitely in favour of
element in education.
an increase of the
to our
my
old friend,
Dr
used laughingly to
'
la
In that I have
haute vulgarisation.'
side I
Education,
am very weak on
:
have been
in a
more
to
15
for the
moment
as
if
It is the Council
who
will
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
114
really
occasion which I
am proud
to
my
ability.
President.
occasion
how he enjoyed
The process
King.
of passing
it is
not
so.
is
President.
all
it
we
name
it
115
an honour to us
Presidents.
It is a peculiar pleasure to
me
to be able to say a
tions with
not go into
all of
all so
word on
many
this
associa-
pleasant.
must
his
Washington, nor
this is
may
But
semi-autobiographical instances.
'
'
responded at once
to the touch of
at once
my
inquiry.
Well,
in 1905 I
when we landed
on foot,
or on asses,
and
Lady
that what he
was a
long, a weary,
ascent.
So
I started to
and a rough
my mounting his
my
pull.
walk up
I shall
side,
too,
and
it
turned a hair.
theatre at Athens, I
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
116
He
That shows what Lord Bryce's energy and activities and inexhaustible interests are, and these reminiscences dwell in my
memory most pleasantly. One feels that any one of such interests
would satisfy an ordinary student. He is an example to us all,
and gives us fresh
I
remind you of
continents
all
now
all
and South.
He is
us.
least,^
at
need not
home
in all
America, North
remember a
I can
me
He
is
a living example
him
to maintain
his
we
of that marvellous
as It struck
this,
is
so often
assumed in
117
me was
I deplore
this matter.
have
not the defensive, and in carrying the war into the enemy's
country.
we ought
think
and eternal
life,
of classical study,
But
subject.
I
have lately been reading two books, and, though not a com-
And
should like to
is
more or
Mr.
le3s of a
student to read,
is
Professor
it.
which,
and I had
body had
to examine.
need of
scientific training
ing
For
'
my
sins, I
than
'
scientific
of the answers to
that question,
them
blushed for the boys, the masters and the parents, because the vast
majority of the answers showed that the boys had not the ghost
of
an idea
of
of scientific
men
scientific life,
and tone
was simply
It
of their
for the
If those
boys a
answers
would
all
ideal,
and
its
absolute superiority to
That
there
is
is
It
where
in.
And
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
118
by the
this Association.
from being
all of
them members
of
and pay
studies.
I
move
College
of
both
who, when he was a teacher, always had the broad outwhen he became a statesman and was
member
who happens
spare, to
delightful the
The
last
time
feeling of all
when
am
was unsur-
It has
when
the time
amount
many
it
of protection.
tlie
was necessary,
think
119
may
has never rendered a greater one than to have occupied the position of President of the Classical Association during so critical a
year, and, as a Vice-President,
He
climber.
troversy, as
is
it is
persuade those
to be associated
given to few
who
men
He
to do.
are in a controversy
is
able always to
on account
of being
Classical Association
know you
to
is
as Vice-President,
better in the
you
will continue to
perform."
"Ladies and
Gentlemen, I thank you sincerely for the honour you have done
this
Lodge.
remember how,
what the
published and
many
Many
articles
were
dying.
Now,
happily, a
what
fort,
'
live wires.'
take com-
an Ex-President, there
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
120
may
when
remain,
lie
of use
fulness.
Murray.
by Dr Macan.
Let us
lay siege to Gath and scatter the hosts of Askalon and pursue the
flying
given to those
what education
who
is,
of science,
by giving
groundwork
of applied science.
more
my
have done,
my
president-
by the
officer,
Professor
rifle,
Sonnenschein
Dr Macan
for the
121
personal ends
narrow interests;
but
it
it is
feel
and
its
sympathy
My
that I
is
am
going
tion,
of previous years.
This
I also propose
a formal matter.
is
officers,
We
Treasurer.
work
is
of
Slater a special debt because, during the past year or so, he has
had to bear on
office of
We
have
This
is
by the Council
W.
E. P. Pantin.
are nominated
of the
to
you
University,
who
are
Day
Miss Limebeer
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
122
in tlie Mancliester
Hon.
Sec. of the
tion, is
now Head
first
High School
at Pendleton,
is
educationist
pool
for Girls
Canon Cruickshank
Manchester.
who
High School
Durham.
is
an
of Liver-
is
W.
Mr.
E.
much
member
of its educational
of Council, as Secretary of
Professor
Connal seconded
Professor
Murray
"
We
this
whom
to the
Lord Mayor,
falls,
for providing us
do not know to
let
it is
Pro-
us.
doubt
if
it is
the
room.
youth and
had before
his
me
ful portrait of
When
side
felt
sure I recognised in
it
123
Chancellor.
We must also thank our hosts and hostesses for the particularly
charming hospitality we have received here. Everything so
convenient, so united, and with an academic feeling pervading
the whole of our
We
visit.
is
And
memory
think
of the
many
end
of us will
of his address
for the
To those
work
in
London with a
sense of inspiration
many
of us
I shall go
who
back to
are
my
my small
we
addition, as
visitors
On
Kenyon
it
was
left
to the
Council to decide the date and place of the next General Meeting.
No
situ
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
124
or pudding
and
pie,
are formed
rather than
to represent
ideas,
formation of names of
must be
satisfied if the
name
all
form part
trouble
is
upon using
many
veterinary, in
self.
it
has
Above
short syllables.
common
It
speech,
Monosyllabic trmication
of
which we
understand words.
patience
little
for remarJcaUe
exist.
must be such
it
it.
to pronounce or to
either
The public
a many-headed creature, and
be useful
is to
all
cognition
things
With
phenomenal,
and noumenal
brevity, and
it likes
lies
means
of locomotion
its
glaring ugliness,
to phone.
who had
What would be
cried to us
lingers in
still
some obscure
from a bedside to
'
fetch a doctor,'
if
we
has come to
ivireless
becoming a verb.
All of us
who
which
THE HmiANITIES
most necessary and desirable
are indeed
it
is
125
qualities
need to bear
for a
god of erudition
but,
if
as well never
suggested the
of the
we have
moment supposed
that
all.
it
;
An
language.
endeavour
to fasten the
against
The
many
it.
classification
of the subjects of
The
uncertain sound.
at
human study
first
but in
its
nomenclature there
human knowledge.
we now
study of nature.
call the
The
The
is
for
Muse
what
Dark Ages
but the
And
if
was known to
Plato,
grammar,
far back.
is
antiquity,
there
is
trivium
and quadrivium
of stud}'
a very
is
who were
a canon of
late
presents
illustrated
of the quadrivium
things
fxaOi^/j-ara
by the
title
naming
of
new branches
learnt.
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
126
by Aristotle
and with
this unimaginative
'
the Republic to
With
the
is
quadrivimn,
the
studies of
four
rej^vai.
Ages the Arts faculty fell under the domination of the philosoand then in the fifteenth century reaction set in with
phers
the men whom we agree to call the humanists, and the world
seemed to go through a new birth, emerging in a freer life, which
;
is
through diflerence of
apt to arise
connotation.
looked back
It has been used sometimes to denote those who
and the
dignity
essential
his
realizing
to a golden age of man,
that
rather
be
mouths
Avould
whose
in
that was his due
glory-
is
younger Pliny
'
'
:
who has
just
Cogita te missum
maxime homines, ad
a natura datum virtute, meritis,
id est ad homines
ius
VIII. 24.
liberos
maxime
liberos, qui
THE HUMANITIES
et
religione
and
maxime
'
Here humanitas
tenuerunt.'
meutal excellence of
homines
'
than divine.
branches
are
the
is
'
moral and
maxime homines
'
liberi.'
who
'
127
is
human
humnnae et
and the antithesis occurs
frequently at all periods. In the hands of the Reformers a
fresh light was thrown across it, when those worthy men, beis
may
divinae
demn,
'
whom
humana praeualent
in
eo plus
quam
diuina
'
:
that
though not quite in the sense intended for there was inevitable
antagonism between the humanist scholar seeking to advance
:
let
go
kingdom
A good deal of attention has been paid to the use of the word
humanitas during the Renaissance. The earliest example of it
that I have seen quoted
is
in Pisanello's medallion of
artium humanitatis
not
composed
in
UQS
studiosis,' exhorting
in Paris
as
Decembrio,
tatis decus.'
'
him
'
a crabbed
poem
for
Bible.
'
In
all
these cases
it is
The key to
is
the
this usage
he says,
'
is
more
not, as
whom
the Renaissance
familiar than
XIII.
IG.
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
128
Greek
(f)i\av6pwma, a
kind
but
it is
iratheia,
which we
all
man-
" erudi-
call
this
;
humanarum
'
:
qui
Praxiteles
propter
book, Rer'um
first
artificium
egregium
man who
'
is
'
explaining
libris et
at
Padua,
ex historia cognoverit.'
'
famo-
sissimum.'
the
same
critical
Hebrew was
education
to
make
a permanent
Rome
For
quate
this new field of human inquiry the difficulty of an adename was never solved. Humanitas was used to describe
1
Fol. 138.
THE HUMANITIES
it,
*
as
we have
Vetus
seen,
command
linguae
bonae
or
eruditio,'
'
more
effective
ambiguous,
'
style
et
general acceptance.
were
literae,'
otber
than
'
the classics
129
'
'
letters
we have recourse
being too
periphrastic, while
too
'
'
to the French
'
belles-
lettres.'
The uncertainty
of descriptive
names
may
been
'
Elizabeth
was
'
literarum
linguarumque
scientiis
scientia
imbuta
'
instructa.'
'
'
'
'
'
'
arts
is
was an
Roman Empire
humanas.'
'
art of lan-
The
of matter.
Ages, and
is
'
Rem
tene,
verba
sequentur.'
The
and medicine and philosophy, concentrating on the matter of
their studies, were not concerned with the graces and refinements of language, so long as it was adequate to express the
It was no wonder
subtilties of their expositions and distinctions.
17
130
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
that scholars
Thomas Elyot
Sir
men
that
and
in his
'
most barbarouse autours, stuffed with inwherby the most necessary doctrines of lawe
trusses of the
numerable
gloses,
Sir
John Doderidge,
entitas,
be remembred
What hath
beene in this kinde brought in upon the pure and cleare fountaines
speeches have the Schoolmen daubed Divinity
'
Lawes
these show how
'
'
'
'
melior eruditio,'
'
amoeniores,'
'literae
politior
'literae
literatura,' *
meliores,'
literae
'
humaniores,'
'
in the
names we
with
all its
'
'
'
'
Page
52.
'
science,'
knowledge.
Erasmus, p. 1203.
name
for the
Humanity
THE HUMANITIES
In the hands of Aquinas the term
'
131
science
came
'
to
denote
philosophy
'
'
meant the
is
a different thing.
of
knowledge there
Our
is
great tree
its
of vagueness.
scientists,
morphology, zoology
not absolute, for at some points the two sides tend to interBut, roughly speaking, we
mingle.
is
may
The
'
to guide.
Infinite
'
variety
'
is
there
what we
is
find,
no such
wherever
we turn and the charm of our studies lies not a little in seeing
how human nature can be the same and not the same, almost
;
And
herein
upon our
lies
its
may
The
well take
its
knowledge
tree of
titles,
law
may
be found than
It
is
may
or the
'
letters,'
with
the ambi-"
all
comfortless word
'
philology.'
been considering,
'
the humanities.'
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
132
Committee
for the
promotion of Research
but
soon
it
much
man and
the
mine that has been worked out. How difficult, how hopealmost, to stretch out our hands towards the men of antiquity,
gulf of centuries
made only
And
yet,
becomes evident that patient and well-directed endeavour can find much that seems irrevocably lost. The spade has
invented the mighty empire of the Hittites, the Minoan and
years, it
'
'
Europe,
in
own
our
islands
well,
as
excavation
is
yielding
what
it
might
restored to us
new poems by
be.
?
Who
can
tell
what
Theocritus.
What was
lost authors
may
not be
the fence, as
it
the situation
fifty
years
in
Except
found
'
out.'
is
THE HIBIANITIES
188
But
it clearly is
have descended to
something
of
thousand years
like a
be bridged over
us.
existing manuscript
chasms to
of knowledge,
too, there is
of
is
From
the fifteenth
classical
thousands
And
many
it is
it
Knovvledge
only
their lives
a fraction of
of us enjoy
it
of
is
a fugitive thing.
of persons
who
will
Men
learnt during
We
master certain
is
Professor P. N.
his fellow
"
Ure
countrymen."
When fiist a
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
134
story
is
familiar to us
of Bacchylides, first
pub-
lished
great
the
addition
scholarship
twentieth-century
that
has
and we
owe
it
members
more than
is
pointing the
way
academic
this
this morning.
by
itself is
But
it
not in
is
spirit that I
The
Greek mainland.
for the
it
of our Association to
fail
is
and that
to touch every
member
in itself an acknowledg-
And
it is
Every-
Army
of
Greece
that.
is
of our friends.
in
case
is
comparatively simple.
It is
a searching
test,
very
brilliantly.
It
it
and so
far
we
body
It seems to me that
of public opinion on the Greek situation.
might
Association
do real service
in
our
matter
which
this is a
work
which
we
as a body have
of
war
piece
that there is here a
:
If
we do
so,
we
shall
be following
own words,
'
we
believe that
wishes of a
In
times
of
war,' as
'
their
enemy, even
maxim
This
if
he be their
of the first
should remind us
how hard
friend.'
and greatest
it is
of
Athenian historians
for belligerents to
form detached
we
statesman
the last
of
thirty
is
are
inspiring figure in
to begin
by
briefly
particularly as our
make him
The
We
months.
and to
He was
born in Crete
in 1864
came
He
first
When,
was granted
War
of
local self-govern-
a prophetic combination of
offices
High Commissioner
of the island.
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
136
The prince
against him.
replied,
much
as his brother
is
doing
the effect
that Venizelos did not desire the union of Crete with Greece.
the
carrying out
things
the
its
state
summoned him
programme.
to Athens to help in
contradicting
it.
was
all for
for
revolution.
He
had chosen at
policy
in
of the
this
Balkan Wars.
It is
only
by Venizelos
of the four
War.
at once strike us
methods,
it is
in
is
harmony with
it
when
has repudiated
The Balkans
in
aims and in
In
moment
more
enemy.
All these
country.
We
If
stantine,
18
it is
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
138
or that he
is
Or
or supporters.
own nation
if,
mean
that he
first
is
now
with us
is
up Venizelos, so that
to back
It rests
It is
final
and
his followers
'
Drang nach
we
is
essential for us
if
we
are
Osten.^
'
WeltmachtJ
Venizelos' whole
that national and political morality need not obey the laws of
individual morality,
Prussianism.
is
from
No doubt
first
fifty years.
But those
who did so have, for reasons already referred to, only helped to
mark the false antithesis between the idealist and the man of
action.
What the world wanted, in order to overthrow the
false doctrines propagated by modern Prussia, was an idealist
without illusions. That is what Crete has now given us, and
it behoves us to make full use of the gift.
It is the idealist who built up the Balkan League, and who
pictured so vividly the Greater Greece that would have been
realized
if
the idealist
who
It
was
better and
it
But
enables
its
leaders
him
in
any
him
is
to be told
to the facts
extraordinary over-mastering
that
crisis
it is
never the
is
so often to lesser
men.
from no
risk or danger,
is
To many
since
of those Avho
of
One
last fact
my
subject.
have found
it
in
contemporary
Yet
men
politics.
Entente, he believes no
of all
me
for
countrymen.
if
We
is
Venizelos
at this present
moment you
will
man
is
Venizelos,
Newspapers that
him
as that great
and
Greek Treachery,' printed in their very
comprehensive words
'
largest type.
Do
those
who
talk
and write
whom
Venizelos
their
if
upper
classes,
who
will
continue to
support him only until the facts come out, as eventually they must.
The purpose
of this paper
is
to
show that
this latter
view
is
led
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
140
circle of
nothing to be said.
If
him read
blame
selections
from the
is
to
a few
He
Venizelist intellectuals.
most grotesque
praying
member
Partly
to support Venizelos.
instinct that has led
them
it
is
astray.
of
Their paper
is
full of
find
it
'He had a
fever
when he was
in
'
But
if
there
is
little
is
much
whom
it
the
in the
and
especially of the
common
Once more
autumn
of 1915, the
Greek army
Once more
But
whom
to
larity,
And
this
Constantine
and perhaps
his
is
his throne.
is
the result as
it
'
'
Judas "
for
that
is
how
painted to them.'
Even educated
organized propaganda of
lies.
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
142
such
barbarous
success
weapons,
tbe
The career
of
who
first
make
himself
The
government at Sparta saved Pausanias from this
infamy by blockading him very effectively in the temple
it
legitimate
depth of
Athena
of
of the
Constantine,
we
and there
is still
time
The
first
of these
is
realities.
is
their
The second
is
is
among whom
him up
and
so glad to receive.
that
is
now
would be
more
to see Greece
it is
a country with
trials.
it,
It
But
'
'
am
sure,' so
that the
Others may take a less favourable view; but, if so, let them
be careful of their evidence, especially if it takes the form of
the personal impressions of the Englishman in Greece.
For the greater part of last century the only Englishmen who
any numbers were sailors and traders. The
reports they brought back were not always very favourable and
but they were invariably misleading.
often perfectly true
visited Greece in
An
would not
fall
He
who have
we
are, as
has plenty of
But
if
the less
Greeks are not typical of the nation as a whole, how was the
mistake to be discovered and corrected ? There has never
so.
On
the
A
in
fair
number
normal times
Few
of English people
now
visit
Greece as tourists
it.
Even our
who
tion round to
not a bad plan to lead the conversasome other nation, preferably the French, or any
it is
except,
of course,
Cases have
CLASSICAL ASSOCL\TION
144
If
now he
common-
this
place
logist
who
led
on
overwhelming past.
It
How
their inheritance.
some
many
of the
distress
When
mean
so
much
abroad,
course,
is
We
phii-
every one
else,
We
Many
high opinion of
of these
men have
general
justly
efficiency.
on German
remember one of them
explaining to me in fluent German how disastrous would be the
For him, the
results of a German victory in a European War.
were the
Germany
from
England
marked
off
that
things
three
abolition of the slave trade, the cession to Greece by England
It
is
militarism.
archaeologists
well.
German
who fell
Soteriades
for his
is
The
latest
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
146
dealings with
tlie
These
Greece
is
men
so
large indeed,
its
all
and
so alarming to
King Constantine,
all
the papers
views.
who will lie to avoid making war profits, and promen whose patriotism is as Thucydidean as it is fearless
Peasants
fessional
are no
unworthy occupants
Justice
was
nation, not
be said about
it
It is
it
in conclusion, the
modern Greek
is
falls
more
not a
little
misleading.
There
is
all
They often
have grey eyes, with hair and complexions to match, and would
scarcely look out of place in England or Normandy. Individuals
are to be found among them who Avould make ideal models for
a picture of an Anglo-Saxon saint. Not uncommonly one meets
like
On
after the
ladies in the
There
is
manner
Museum on
of
the north.
still
in
be, the
many ways
To
this
like ourselves.
is
how
But that
wars
let
Balkan
may
The Greeks
fighting for us
either, the
who
round Salonika
the Association.^^
" As one
who
is
should like
in every
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
148
it,
received favourably
listened to
it.
am
all
sure
the
of the
French savants,
all
of them, I
their
this myself,
but
'
that
all
ally,
would be
expression
of
in hearty
strictly apart
me
domestic
politics,
and
it is
The matter
is
not one of
precedeiit
if
we resolved
viz.
that
we
we
feel for
perfect confidence
149
hands.
"I
think, Ladies
and
and
which
"...
du monde
civilise.
Venizelos."
to the Influence of
with
in a sense I implicitly
do not
find
it
any
rhetorical schools.
My
is
1 [N.B.
This essay deals almost entirely with the Ciceronian and
poet-Ciceronian period.]
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
150
and
The words
rhetoric
nowadays somewhat vaguel3^
'
rhetorical
'
'
'
seem to be used
is
language
of
the
down as
Romans
'
And
rhetoric'
learnt rhetoric,
it
any
of course
means
of the
it,
It
inductive,
essentially
is
Quintilian
as
'
'
has very
rhetoric,'
little
and
to do with
may
it
it.
'
rhetoric
is
that an over-close study of the real thing will lead to the unreal
thing.
To confuse them
is
The
first
it
me
seems to
that some
fallen.
is,
how
Romans
the
We
are often
me most
misleading,
"Neque enim
mox
'
dicta sunt
est,
De
ut argu-
233.
II. 36,
where
it is
151
'
'
factor in success in
down
know
true historian
is
stated frequently,
a knowledge of the past to illustrate the present. In a wellknown passage of the 10th book (i. 31), which also, I think, is
much misunderstood, he
Viewed
is
('
elocutio
').
must
essentially
different.
oratory, history
is
'
'
'
elocutio
'
to poetry than
solutum'),
not concerned to argue whether this last view is true, halftrue, or absurd.
People may perhaps be pardoned for thinking,
I
am
at
first
and
novel,'
Teuffel, History of
though
Roman Literature,
am
not
sure
31.
it
'
dis-
means
CLASSICAL ASSOCL\TION
152
At any
rate, the
two
emerge
who wished
for
orator as the
'
vir
No one,
Romans
is
bonus dicendi
lie
peritus.'
good
life
and a
not only a
man
good man.
'
branch of rhetoric'
?
when Quintilian says historia alere oratorem potest
when he says that both the language and the subject-matter
tur
'
'
of
it
'
is
department of rhetoric.
nobling
the sphere
of
rhetoric.
We may
imagine some
theology.
literature
'
and
eqliip
God
is
Study, above
social subjects.
may
theology saying to
students
his
liberal professor of
to be found in history,
and history
It
"
For the emphasis which Cicero lays on 'Veritas
"
"
in
II.
62.
historiae
leges
the
on
in history see the fine remarks
So, too, in close connection with the passage in the De Legg., quoted
above, we are told that the "leges historiae" differ from those of
poetry because in the one " omnia referuntur ad veritatem," in the
other " pleraque ad delectationem."
1
De
153
'
the value
of
history.
"While
It
it
enlarged rhetoric,
probably drew to
it
emphasized
historical study
by the
it
'
in education.
In a lecture
our
own
of
it
astronomy, architecture,
and Romans had no
if
allude must be
That
led, of course,
In that depart-
Aeschines
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
154
But one
regard to law.
philosophy
work
scarcely be the
to disprove
hope
me
of history there
to be a
7rat8eta
was held
the
all
music and
not a word.'
is
presumptuous when
good deal
the eyKwXto?
can
his school
it
undertook
and
of Ainesidemus
Grammar,
sceptical
special sciences.
Now
The
say
of inaccuracy in all
The
it.
to consist of
ri^^vai,
first is
that
and history
'
'
contained in
As poetry
it.
was
was an
historian,
of the
form which we
it
some
period, at
any
many
w?
iirl
Ammaeus.
rate, dealt
where
o-vyypa(fiV(TLv
6ti
Kai
yevi^crerai rexviK-fj Si
7}
i/xTreipia
ijs
iaroplas
'yi'yvdxTKO/j.fv
t'l
ch. 12,
iarlv
re
Twv irapa
and
to ttoXv Xeyo/xeiwv,
vXt] ttjs
defined as
XeydvTUv
treated
at
but, of course,
historical,
2G6
re
Koi
d/j.^do5os,
\l/evSu!S
TroLrjTois
in Sextus Empiricus,
-f]
ixevroi
Kpiais ra^rrji
two
'
proper,
'
historia
i.e.
of
he
in
'Historiae,'
(1)
historiae
'
very clearly.
'
/x>(9os,
(3)
us,
tells
historical facts
155
what
in
is
two books
Being much
of Kings.
unhappily called
'
later
many
similar points.
I believed
but I
would not
moment deny
for a
how
the
who adopt
teachers
grammatici
did.
'
the examination-paper
appear side by
side,
questions of
'
ultiit
is
Sext.
i<7ToplcLf
rb
fTeXevTa'
irXdafia 8^ rpa.-yp.a.Tu^v
at
r)
pLij
ot
Gramm.
92, 93.
On
the contrary,
fiip-oi.,
di
it
-yevofxivuiv
TcS)/
fiiv
is.
eKdearis,
(is
263
ch. 12,
TrXdc/na, S)v
-yeyoi'dTCj^p
Xe70^ej'w>',
what history
effTi
Kal
iTriSovXiQv cpapfiaKevOeU
p.v, 6/.ioi(jOS
d^
Toh
7ej'0/i6'0is
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
156
seems to
me
that,
is
entirely or
have a
study enjoys
its
happiest
conditions.
It should be noted,
grammatical schools,
at.
it
were read systematically, and not merely for their literary merit,
but for the value of historical knowledge to the speaker. This,
says Quintilian,
we
is
the
'
maximus usus ex
historiis.'
Secondly,
poetry to history
'
is,
tanto
'
Vetusta,'
gratiae
et
gestae
'
are
'
Finally,
it
'
'
ea solum criminibus
exempla,'
exercises
tains the
germ
and
The
of historical criticism.^
Karao-Kemy, that
is,
those of
those
potentissima,'
^
adfirmationis.'
Amongst
vacant.'
may
is
'
'
res
minus
among
the
exercise of avaa-Kfvr/
arguments
of bringing forward
is
he says, are
be applied,
we
for
and
are told,
Romans
1
Quint., II.
Jd.,
X.
1,
5,
34.
1, etc.
U,
Id., II. 4, 2.
7^., V.
Id..
X.
1,
34.
17.
which was
rhetorical, just as
we should regard
157
main purpose
literature as a
is
another matter.
was
if it
way
of interpreting
if
largely coloured
rhetorical study,
It will
way
of looking at things
have
as I
is,
Its spirit
is
It
scientific.
tended to a cold-
impress of
its
parent, adapted
itself
Like
the novel,
it
There
is
is
much
that
is trivial,
we
see
them
in the elder
through
far, I
artificiality of
think,
language.
Professor
'
Though it may be
soon,
if
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
158
but in practice
not
'
divisiones
'
little
but
sententiae,'
'
colores
'
divisiones
'
and
'
The
colores.'
of
the
ng some
'
The
audience.
of putting them.'
'
color
'
consisted in suggest-
new
'
colour
'
Professor
if it is
if it is
life
but
if
it is
scientific accuracy.
The
influence of these
two on
me
to
And
first, I
if it is
very
much doubt
it.
It
is
seems
xxxv.
specimen of the " color " may be seen in IX. .5. Tjie data
are as follows: A widower with three sons marries again. Two of
the children fall ill and die, under circumstances which suggest foul
play on the part of the step-mother. The maternal grandfather, coming
to see the children when ill, and being refused admission, abducts the
The prosecution, of course, has to
third, and is prosecuted " de vi."
account for the refusal to admit the grandfather. One " color " suggested is that he and his son-in-law were on bad terms, and the latter
knew that he only meant to make trouble. This is in accordance with
the rules, and is admissible. Another is that he called at an inconvenient
time, and was merely refused for the time, " nunc non potes." This
" non est
is objected to as inconsistent with the data, which say,
admissus," and this is equivalent to " ex toto non potes."
1
A good
159
and thought, has been immense, that we can see its traces (as
far as my small knowledge goes) everywhere in pagan, in patristic, and in mediaeval literature, and that it is only during the
last
century or so that
to offer
effect of
it
(1)
is
may
or
the veracity,
(2)
propose
make
the
'
falsification in history.
of Capri
on
'
'
which he main-
in
Some timx
great work on
rectitude.'
Finding in
at
it
He
made
lie.
Rhodes
deliber-
as
life
more
lied in fact,
This
is,
of
by Aristophanes
and Plato.
before
Lying as
'
own
deliberate
a Fine
may tend to
advocacy
may
lie,
and
in the past
in friendship or
common
domestic
life,
or
mankind
and
jests,
most
course conceals a
weak
point in
liis
main point
is
this
made men
if
it
who
as a matter of
client's case
it all
dishonest historians,
it
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
160
may
by any
and
this I
theory of rhetoric
history.
it
deleterious.
It
of Grenville
It
ill.
of history, but
it
may have
that the
the classification of
tropes,
may
in
many
the
and
vocrrjfjia
legal
blinded
^iXopio-rtas.
Much
study applies to
men
it
of
for
But the
exaggeration.
we may say
calls
good and
for
is
is
do not think
one.
the declamations
less severe
and
scientific
otherwise.
atmosphere of
It
may
very
'
is plausible
Quintilian, we have seen, emphatically denies it
enough to be put into the mouth of a witty conversationalist. The
words, in fact, say of the declamations what we should say of the
historical novel. But the remainder of the passage is more to the
true
who
of course
'
rhetores,'
Here we
some historians were no
But it must be remembered that
rhetores.'
better than
Stratocles and Clitarchus are Greek historians, and we have
perhaps nothing more than the common Ecman gibe at what
Is the same ever said of
Graecia mendax audet in historia.' ^
torians, did
cook their
facts,
'rhetorice et tragice.'
'
Quintilian, II. 4, 19
"Nam
historians
The second
he
satirises the
piece of evidence
the opening
is
Quomodo
historia conscribenda
absurdities of
chapter of Lucian's
'
161
sit,'
where
who were
we made allowance
if
for Lucian's
that in the wake of serious history followed a good deal of epideictic imitation of history, just as inferior journalism follows
But
to-day.
it
doubt whether
this
Short of
this, it
historian, even
may become
exist, it
and the
above
evpeo-is
rem
tene,
copiam
verba
never lost
Xe'^ts,
sequentur,'
sight
and
of
always classed
it
the
golden maxim,
rerum copia
'
gignit.'
we
verborum
have been
Now
'
like,
if
may
if
None
Thucydides would
it.^
of the
work
leaves
On
the other
ancient history
how
How
3.
am inclined
21
is
is radically
opposed to that
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
162
certainly
must not
set
When
of rhetoric.
down
all error
formal rhetoric
unknown
is
there will
still
be
found lack of what Lucian calls ttoXitikt) crvve(Ti<s, there will still be
What
credulity, and, above all, prejudice ('gratia et odium').
havoc this last may work with recent and contemporary history
the
'
Own
History of Our
War. History, in the thought of most of us, stops with the Battle
of Waterloo. If we were to excise from ancient history all that
deals with
writer,
I
how much
of
it
would be
left ?
The
history, written as
it is
by men trained
is
this
Is
Roman
who answer
it
incUned to
So
far as I
have gone,
make
three suggestions.
nothing which
may
acity in history.
spirit
it is
not so clear, as
and motives
of
Livy
"
Novi
Bcribendi arte
is
often
Roman historians
looked
of rhetoric
Firstly, that
Romans
by the words
163
thought, that
it
actually
my
second part of
subject,
it
down
in
was only
natural that men trained to oratory should be glad to avail themselves of the convention which enabled them to intersperse their
But the point is so obvious
narrative with oratorical essays.
that I need not dwell on
Apart from
this,
further.
it
we should expect
modern
to find
We
many
of the rules of
this.
it
sense of a
mind that
not
is
mind which
is
interested in
fail
to
Such a
worked out,
and doubtless for two reasons. In the first place the form, method,
and style of history is not so complicated as that of oratory, and
therefore not so attractive a subject to the rhetorical mind.
life.
much
In
in
rhetoric
'
of
history,
in
sit.
The
first
of
but
it is
and
Ae'^is.
The second
is
not so systematic,
its
terminology.
class it as I
have done.
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
164
For instance,
should
make
it
the hearer
'
'
proemium
may
and points
principles as
'
'
'
the
'credibilis
narratio
'
Now
').
'
must be
it is
'
brevis,
lucida, verisimilis
'
(or
tory was the part which most closely corresponded to history that
we may be a priori certain that both critics and writers, if trained
in rhetoric,
this.
down
includes subjects
'
Cornificius
and Cicero
But we can
'
in the
De
Inventione,
term
is
'
historia,'
'
any
rate,
It
rhetorical.'
notions which attach nowadays to the word
should
be
history
that
doctrine
that
the
may, indeed, be argued
'
'
verisimilis
'
or
'
credibilis
'
is
it
counten-
'
'
'
nam
"
facere.'
condition
165
rationes
of
'
credibilitas
in
'
narration,
praeposuerimus,' he lays
factis
fii-st-rate
causas,
'si
down
si
a very simple
importance in history.*
may possibly
We
do find
this
them
in
'
held with
narratio,'
him
in this
avoided in history.
On
Roman
in
them
(ix. 17).
is
'
evidentia,'
by which we make a scene more vivid by elaborating the details, Quintilian has a good description of this in
VIII. 3, 67, where he remarks that if you say 'the city was taken,'
the figure, that
you
'
is,
brevis nuntius
'
does not
stir
is
the feelings.
He
then proceeds to
describe the burning temples, the falling houses, the weeping, the
spoiling,
It
may be
Min. (Halm),
guide.
3
Ep. ad Pomp.,
<
IV.
2, 103,
3.
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
166
He would have
held,
limited
by good
writer
of
'
taste.
historical narratives
against
'
'
arcessitae
descrip-
my
modern
feelings revolt
of
knew that it was true he would have replied that this is what
must have happened under such circumstances. This can hardly
be gainsaid, and the question
Modern
is
style.
historians,
their
'
evidentia,'
It
historian as irrelevant.
'
'
'
gives a touch of
Why
reality.
cause
that
knew
dentia
'
essentially
which
is
'
much between
not really so
between two
Livy
of
know
'
'
Be-
is
rhetorical, as
Because
it
is vital.'
the question
it
is
essentially
'
classical,'
romantic'
rhetorical
that
of
to universal experience,
all things,
'
It
is
possible,
evidentia
'
think this
if
he had
may
fairly
One
interesting question
is
'
how
II. 4. 3.
and in a
logical analysis,
use
to
degree of Sallust,
he says,
less
the
is
to be traced to the
Professor
rhetorical schools.
say that,
if
Psycho-
it is.
in the schools.
'pernicious,'
epithet
167
me
But
attempt.
am
much
as the
is,
way. There is
in Seneca, though even these deal as much with suggestions of
situations or incidents, which may justify the person supposed to
be on his
also
trial,
Quintilian's
versiae
'
We
'
have
contro-
all
human
character,
The
analysis.
On
makes
little
history,
am
"
how
far
of rhetoric in the artificial heightening of contrasts, in elaborate descriptions, in the habit of fiUing in a picture with added motives and
explanations"
2
X.
1,
{Hist. I, 81),
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
168
rhetorical schools.
I
am
can make to
it
is
are not
familiar,
published some
usually regarded
as
manner
in
follows,
laid
He
down
In a paper
classical.
which
'
St.
Matthew
'
Mark's Gospel,
develops St.
the
principles
by Dionysius.
excising the
Whether
little
am
right or
line of investigation.
wrong
in this,
it
with
the iiepyaata
calls
me
seems to
in St.
by
Mark.
the proper
down any
sort
of
'
we have
we
et
verborum
'
cum
lenitate
In Cicero, in Quin-
Thus, in
De
quadam
aequabiliter pro-
sibus aculeis
persequendum
est.'
is
In Quintilian, X.
it is
1,
31, as
we have
shortly afterwards
sions adopt the
" Td^et in
'
we
may
in his digres-
this I
169
toris,
lie
'
esse.'
Narrat
ilia,
et ex
medio petita
Hanc
musculi, nervi
maxime
vi,
illam tori
quidam
amaritudine, instantia
etiam dulcedine
placet.'
'
ilia
'
is
The
history .^
Haec vel
ilia
all
and
aliter,
omnia
saepius ossa,
Taking
illi
oratorical style
is
is
oratory,
conceived of as
word a
fighting style,
phrases
'
fusus et tractus
'
'
the Greek,
etpnixivr)
and
They
KareaTpafiixivr],'
sententiae
'
It
may
'
short,
were
in
'
aculei
another.
How
seemis to
cir-
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
170
Roman
and
rhetoric,'
view, to be
'
am
is,
own work
any
says that
'
and
'
is
much
as this.
He
It
means
'
speaks several
elegantia,'
simplex munditiis
simplicity, clearness,
'
as
and
it
as merely material
does Quintilian.
see,
vis,'
'
of his contemporaries
times of Caesar's
like,
every
is still
it
the
himself, nor
whom
(evidently referring to
historian,
'
On
the whole,
On
in
the
'
tenue' or
la-xvov
Finally, I
would
however
ineptus,'
The
'
'
grande,' or uSpov.
ask,
is
there
rhetorician,
'
'
perhaps
its
dangerous
On
above has
side.
tiousness.
itself
its
poetical
it
^ "Atque etiamcommentariosquosdamscripsitrerumsuaruin.
Valde
quidem, inquam, probandos nudi enim sunt, recti et venusti, omni
ornatu orationis tanquam veste detracta. Sed dum voluit alios habere
parata, unde sumerent qui vellent scribere historiam, ineptis gratum
fortasse fecit, qui ilia volent calamistris inurere sanos quidem homines
a scribendo deterruit. Nihil est enim in historia pura et illustri brevitat
:
dulcius."
2
Op.
'
ab
cit.,
aliis esse
p. 233.
superetur."
*
E.g.
X.
1,
114; XII.
10, 11.
call
rhetorical.' But,
'
in practice it
171
once more,
was otherwise.
Did the
we
style
of the theorists
On
we
many
way
in
which
is
name
not inappropriate.
is
of
'
lumina
But a use
'
of
may
Roman
On the
speeches
historians
whole
ples of figures, for while they quote the poets for this purpose
very largely (the quotations from Vergil are almost as numerous as those from Cicero) they hardly ever quote the historians.
But we
for a style
which
is
term
'
rhetorical style
'
in a wider
sense,
style,
in fact, in
style of the
Roman
historians
is
and once
My own
feeling
made about
inferior historians, or
some
of them,
it
may
With the
probably be other-
wise.
so
training.
1
The tendency perhaps appears markedly in Tacitus's earlier works,
particularly the use of anaphora in the Oermania,
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
172
Before
which
I leave
should
be
noticed.
Is
it
brevity
is
of the
declamations .2
prominent,
collection
Nor
the Sophists.
We
'
sententiae,' in
marked
of
have evidence of
which
characteristic
both in the
this
in Philostratus's
is
sententiae.'
'
for
certainly a very
is
of
hostile to
'
brevity
Professor
The passion
specific point
Bury definitely
such brevity had become fashion-
connects
one
is
epigrammatic
the
is
Lives of
concerned,
Quintilian,
seems
novelty.^
It
style with
his
know
'
sententiae
as
*
no
of
in
'
natural,
therefore,
evidence
clear
to
On
rhetorical education.
Roman
that
connect Tacitus's
the other
taste
hand, I
held
that
oratory.
sententiarum
It
aculei
'
number
Suasoria he gives a
of passages
These
'
tendency
is
sententia
'
epigrammatic phrase as a
'
'
in the
may have
later sense,
a few
but the
sententia
'
suited for
either oratory
He
marked reluctance
as very different.
1
Op.
cit.,
After
all,
p. 228.
It must, however,
is
is
a frequent characteristic.
On
'
sententiae
'
178
of the declaimers.
With
close.
deprive
them
I repeat that
of value.
careful
and
less
will
object
not necessarily
is
not so
much
movement
my
more
I feel
a strong conviction.
do not seem to
me
in a different direction.
as
it
Koman
At any
rate,
may
be
felt
hope that
to deserve
this essay,
some
even
is
if it
one of
does not
careful consideration."
F.
.....*.
123
149
Report of Council on
IN
"
......87
H. Colson
PAGE
.105
.133
........
ments"
40
B.ACTA
Balance Sheet Approved
Report of Council
Votes of Thanks
.112
.110
.123
.107
.
......
To THE President
To THE Authorities at Leeds
To Dr Mackail
174
149
.110
32
103, 122
101
INDEX
175
CNAMES
Allen,
P. S.
110, 123
Robekt
Allison, Sir
Bbyce, Viscount,
112
8,
COLSON, F. H.
CONNAL,
Prof.
Crees, Dr
H. E.
J.
61
.76
G. B.
Kenyon, Major
49
.122
Edwards, W.
Grundy, Dr
Sir F. G.,
Pickard-Cambridge, a. W. 70
PosTGATE, Prof.
J. p.
Roberts,
48,
W. Rhys
36
Saunders,
65
J. V.
Sonnenschein,
Trayes, F. E. a.
59, 65
Ure,
DrU.W.
Mackail, DrJ.W..
.114
T/ie i^ev.
Murray,
Prof.
87
110
Gilbert
54,
Parker
112, 122
Pallis, Alex.
.147
.123
Strudwick, Miss E.
Thomas, Dr Henry
Livingstone, R. W.
Mason,
.107
Slater, Prof. D. A.
of 105
118
Prof.
Macan,
C.
Sadler, Dr Michael
75
110, 112
80
Prof. P. N.
Wlnbolt,
S.
E.
Wood, MissM. H.
WoRSLEY, Sir Wm.
Wynne - Edwards,
Rev. J. R.
105
66
.133
102, 112
64, 65, 81
04
The
.65
of
32
176
CLASSICAL ASSOCIATION
STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS,
Receipts.
STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS
DECEMBER
18th,
1915, to
DECEMBER
16th,
191G.
Expenditure.
Postage
Clerical
Bank Charges
Railway Fares of Council and Committees
Accommodation of Council
Expenses of Representative to Irish C.A.
Expenses of General Meeting ...
Contribution to Expenses of Committee
Promoting Humanistic Studies ...
Advertisement in Classical Journals ...
Occasional Publications (2)
Proceedings, vol. xii. (1915)
fo
s.
177
APPENDIX
179
D.C.L.,
G.C.S.L,
1907.
S.
1908.
1909.
Litt.D., D.Litt.,
LL.D.
Prime Minister.
G.C.B., O.M.,
K.C.S.L, LL.D.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
Sir
Lord Bishop
of Lincoln.
F.B.A.,
D.Litt.,
P.B.A., F.R.S.
180
PRESIDENT
Professor Gilbert Murray, LL.D.,
D.Litt.,
F.B.A., Christ
Churcli, Oxford.
VICE-PRESIDENTS
The Right Hon. H. H. Asquith,
F.R.S.
of
New
South Wales.
G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E,,
of England.
Oxford.
Litt.D.,
LL.D., F.B.A.,
Cambridge.
Sir Frederic G.
Kenyon, K.C.B.,
of the British
181
Museum.
APPENDIX
182
The Right Hon. and Most Rev. Cosmo Gordon Lang, D.D.,
D.C.L., LL.D., Lord Archbishop of York.
Esq., LL.D., Warden of Trinity College, MelLeeper,
Alex.
bourne University.
The Right Hon. Earl Loreburn, G.C.M.G., D.C.L.
J. W. Mackail, Esq., LL.D., F.B.A.
Hon. Viscount Morley of Blackburn, O.M.,
Right
The
J. P.
Cambridge.
Litt.D., Leeds.
COUNCIL
P. S.
College, Oxford.
W.C.
The Reverend Canon A. H. Cruickshank, M.A., The College,
Durham.
Kenneth Forbes, Esq., M.A., The University, Liverpool.
Stephen Gaselee, Esq., M.A., Magdalene College, Cambridge,
The Beverend
J.
Gow,
S.W.
Miss G. E. Holding, M.A., North London Collegiate School, N.W.
Miss M. S. Lilley, M.A., Training College for Women, The
University, Birmingham.
OFFICERS
183
W. Jenkyn Thomas,
Esq.,
M.A.,
Hackney Downs
School,
Clapton, N.E.
College, Eeading.
Professor
J. P.
New
South Wales
Miss F. M. Stawell.
HON. TREASURER
H. Williamson, Esq., M.A., 46, Park Road, Pendleton, Manchester.
HON. SECRETARIES
* W. H. Duke, Esq., M.A., Jesus College, Cambridge.
Professor D. A. Slater, M.A., 4, Chalcot Gardens,
London, N.W. 3
* In the continued absence of Mr. Duke, correspondence during the
current year should be addressed to Professor Slater.
RULES
Adojjfed at the first General Meel'mg of the Association,
Amended
January Uth,
January 6th, 1917.
1908,
1.
Ma
28thy, IBOi;
The name
1910,
Association shall
the
of
be
"The
Classical
Association,"
2. The objects of the Association are to promote the development and maintain the well-being of classical studies, and in
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(a)
To impress
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(6)
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To encourage investigation and call attention
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To
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the Council.
4.
The Council
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184
make
RULES
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185
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The President,
8.
may
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filled
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The President
9.
The
10.
Members
11.
unr.il
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13. The Council shall make all necessary arrangements for the
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Membership
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APPENDIX
186
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The
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If the President
'^*
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ichose names an asterisk is jn-efixed are Life Members.
This
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Allen,
Allen,
T.
Fe?i.
187
APPENDIX
188
Allwood,
Almond,
N.W.
3fiss M,, 9,
Afiss
The
M.,
E.
B.A.,
3.
Althaus,T. F.,M.A.,2,SfcrathrayGai'dens,S.Hampstead,N.W.3.
Alton, E. H., M.A., F.T.C.D., 37, Trinity College, Dublin.
Anderson, G., M.A., I.C.S., Education Department, Bombay.
Anderson, J. G. C, M.A., Christ Church, Oxford.
Anderson, Prof. W. B., M.A., The University, Manchester.
*Anderson, W. C. F., M.A., Hermit's Hill, Burghfield Commoi?,
Mortimer, Berks.
Anderson, Y., M.A., LL.B., 57, Esplanade, Scarborough.
Anderton, B., M.A., Public Library, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Angus, C. R, M.A.. Trinity Hall, Cambridge.
Angus, J. M., M.A., Bryndedvvydd, Heath Park Avenue, Cardiff.
Antrobus, G. L. N., M.A., Cranleigh School, Surrey.
Antrobus, Sir E. L., K.C.M.G., 19, Cranley Gardens, S.W. 7.
Apperson, Miss D., Liverpool College, Huyton, Lancashire.
Appleton,
B., B.A., Perse School, Cambridge.
Archibald, Miss E., The High School, St. Albans.
Argles, Miss E. M., Vice-Principal, Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.
Armitage, N. C, M.A., Hertslets, Claygate, Surrey.
Armstead, Miss 11., 18, Clifton Hill, N.W. 8.
Arnison, G. Wright, M.A., Royal Grammar School, High
Wycombe, Bucks.
Arnold, A. J., B.A., Pupil Teachers' Centre, Sheffield.
*Arnold, Prof. E. V., Litt.D., Bryn Seiriol, Bangor, Noi-th
Wales.
AsHBEE,
J. Neville,
Solent, Hants.
189
Baillie, a.
S.V/.
1.
Baixes,
Miss K.
Kent.
Barlee, K. W., B.A., I.C.S., c/o Messrs. Grindlay & Co., 54,
Parliament Street, S.W. 1.
Barlow, T. D., 164, Eccles Old Road, Pendleton, ^Manchester.
Barlow, Mrs. T. D., B.A., 164, Eccles Old Road, Pendleton,
Manchester.
*Barkard, Miss H. M., Bredcroft, Stamford, Lincolnshire.
Barnby, Rev. F. H., M.A., St. Peter's School, York.
Barnes, Rev. Prof. W. E., D.D., 42, Lensfield Road, Cimbiidge.
Barnett, p. a., M.A., Board of Education, Whitehall, S.W. 1.
Barr, R. W., M.A., High School, Dundee.
Barran, Sir J. N., Bart.., B.A., M.P., Sawley Hall, Ripon.
Barrett, Miss H. M., M.A., 22, Wheatsheaf Road, Edgbaston,
Birmingham.
APPENDIX
190
Baugh, Miss
New
E. M.,
Street,
King Edward
VI.'s
High School
for Gii-ls,
Birmingham.
S.W.19.
Behrens, H., M.A., Thornfield, Bradford, Yorks.
Belcher, Rev. A. Hayes, M.A., The College, Brighton.
Belcher, Miss E. M., B.A., High School, Crediton.
Belcher, Rev. T. Hayes, M.A., Bramley Rectory, Basingstoke.
Bell, Edward, M.A., York House, Portugal Street, W.C. 2,
*Bell, H. W., 1737, Cambridge Street, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
Bell, J. Murray, B.A., Merchistou Castle School, Edinburgh.
Bell,
W.
S.
(War
Service.)
Benecke,
p. V. M., M.A.,
NAJVIES
191
BiLLSON, C.
J.,
near Leeds.
Bloxaji, R. N., Pershore, Vv^orcestershire.
W.
14.
W.
8.
APPENDIX
192
Office,
The
Castle,
Dublin.
&
Co.,
J.,
Brightman,
lieiK F. E.,
Birmingham.
Brockman, Bev. R.
T., St.
pool.
W.C.
Brooke,
5,
2.
Wellington,
New
Zealand.
Miss
H.
M.,
A.,
St.
Queen Anne's
School,
198
Caversham,
Oxfordshiie.
Bull,
Rev.
R.
Andrew's,
Southborough, Tunbridge
Wells.
Manchester.
Bury, Prof.
J.
B.,
King's College,
Cambridge.
W.C.
1.
25
APPENDIX
194
Carlisle, E.,
Sussex.
J., 35,
5,
Windmill
Hill,
Barnes, S.W.
Bishop's Stortford.
Hampstead, N.W.
1.
Anderson,
Chatfield, H.
S.,
S.,
195
Sussex.
Embankment, E.C.
Victoria
4.
Chitty, Rev. G.
Huddersfield.
Clark, Re'>K R. M., M.A., 201, High Street, Tunstall, Stokeon -Ti-ent.
*Clbmenti, C, M.A., Government Secretary's Office, George Town,
British Guiana, S. America.
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Clough, Miss H., B.A., 53. Carlton Road, Birkenhead.
CoBBE, Miss A. M., B.A., 2, Donnington Square, Newbury.
CoDD, Prof. A. E., Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
CoGHiLL, Mrs,, 2, Sunnyside, Princes' Park, Liverpool.
Cohen, H., 3, Elm Court, Temple, E.C. 4.
Cole, E. L. D., M.A., Troy House, Rugby.
Collins, A. J. F., M.A., 14, Warkworth Street, Cambridge.
Collins, Rev. S. T., M.A., 5, Claremont Road, Bristol.
Collins, V. H., M.A., 2, Hui-st Close, Hampstead Garden
Suburb, N.W.
Collison-Morley, L. C, B.A., 3, Scarsdale Villas, Kensington,
W.
8.
W.
8.
APPENDIX
196
Conway, Prof. R.
S., Li1;t.D.,
CouPLAND,
Courtauld,
G.,
Braintree, Essex.
CouzENS, Miss
Liverpool.
Crammer, R. W.,
44,
chester.
Cran, Miss
L.,
Crawford,
Rt.
London,
W.
J.
address).
Grammar
School, Gloucester.
197
Dakers, H.
J.,
chester.
Dakyns,
D., M.A., Grammar School, Morpeth.
Dale, Miss A. M., B.A., 24, Vicarage Eoad, Eastbourne.
Dale, Sir Alfred, M.A., LL.D., The University, Liverpool.
Dale, F. II., M.A., Board of Education, Whitehall, S.W. 1.
Dale, F. R., B.A-., 18, Cromer Terrace, Leeds.
Dalton, Rev. H. A., M.A., D.D., Harrison College, Barbados.
*Daniel, Miss C. I., Wycombe Abbey School, Bucks.
Danson, F. C, 74, Bidston Road, Birkenhead, Cheshire.
*Darlington, W. S., B.A., The Hill, Lutterworth, Leicestershire.
Daubeny, Miss M. J., B.A., Hope Lodge, Parkstone, Dorset.
David, Rev. A. A., D.D., Head- Master^ The School, Rugby.
Davidson, D. D., B.A. (No address).
Davidson, jNI. G., M.A., 89, Westbourne Terrace, Hyde Park,
W.
2.
Hove High
School,
Wales.
Davies, Miss
J.,
51,
Woodland
Street,
Cheetham
Hill,
Man-
chest ei^^
Dawes, il/m E. A.
S.,
M.A., D.
Litt.,
ileathlands, Weybridge,
Surrey.
Dawson, M. W.,
Bombay.
c/o
i'V**
13,
Marine Lines,
APPENDIX
198
Dublin.
4.
W.
8.
199
23,
8.
J.
St.
Bede's
Grammar
School,
Drewton
Street,
Bradford.
Girls,
Park
Street, Hull.
Grammar
School, Rishworth,
Halifax.
Elliston,
W.
R.,
B.A., LL.B.,
Ipswich.
the
Hunslet, Leeds.
W. C,
1.
APPENDIX
200
Evans,
iSir
Evans,
Evans,
S. E.,
W.
2.
Evelyn-White, H,
G,,
Egypt.
Farwell,
S.W.
Rt.
Hon. Lord
Southwell Gardens,
3.
N.W.
1.
S.W.
Forbes, K., The University, Liverpool.
Ford, Rev. Lionel G. B. J., M.A., Head- Master, The School,
Harrow.
FoRMAN, S. G., B.A., 3, Elm Bank Mansions, Barnes, S.W.
Forrest, E. Bruce, M.A., County School, Wood Green, N.
S.,
201
Herts.
Curepipe, Mauritius.
Grammar
L.,
D.C.L.,
The Grammar
F.B.A.,
1,
Brick Court,
Grammar
School,
Manchester (War
Service).
W.
1.
W.C.
1.
Cannon
Street, E.G.
26
APPENDIX
202
Gereans, H.
GuEY, Miss
Gibbons,
T., 20,
Sfc.
John
Street, Oxford.
W.
Kemp Town,
Brighton.
Museum, W.C. 1.
King Edward VI.'s School, Bu^mingham.
N. 6.
GooDELL, Prof. T. D., Ph.D., 35, Edgehill Road, New Haven,
Conn., U.S.A.
GooDHART, A. M., M.A., Mas. Bac, Eton College, Windsor.
Goodrich, W. J., M.A., Chevin Avenue, Menston-in-Wharfedale, Yorks.
W. L
(War
Service.)
203
Hammersmith, W.
*Gray, Rev. J. H., M.A., Queens' College, Cambridge.
Gray, Mrs. R. M., 13, Marine Lines, Bombay.
Green, Miss E. M., B.A., 11, Gordon Street, W.C. 1.
"Green, G. Buckland, M.A., 21, Dean Terrace, Edinburgh
Green, Rev. J. H., M.A., Bottoms, Ilolmfirth, West Yorks.
Greene, C. II., M.A., School House, Berkhamsted, Herts.
Greene, H. W., M.A., 4, Stone Buildings, Lincoln's Inn,
W.C.
2.
chester.
Kensington Square, W. 8.
Hale, Prof. W. G., The University, Chicago, U.S.A.
Hall, F. W., M.A., St. John's College, Oxford.
*Hall, Miss M. L., Baldock, Herts.
Hallam, G. H., M.A., Ortygia, Harrow-on-the-Hil).
Halliday, Prof. W. R., The University, Liverpool.
APPENDIX
204
*Halsbury,
Rt.
Hon.
the
Earl
D.C.L., F.R.S.,
of,
4,
Ennismore
Gardens, S.W.
Hamilton,
J.,
B.A.,
Heversham
School, Milathorpe,
Westmor-
land.
Hamlet,
Jiev.
J, G.,
New-
mingham.
Heath, Sir T.
sington,
Heathcote,
W.
a.,
L.,
8.
The Grammar
School, Manchester.
205
Herman, G.
L.,
Hetherington,
W.
Park,
Hett, W.
(War
B.A.
N.,
J.
Service.)
16,
11.
S.,
Heward, G. a.
Gardens,
W.
11.
Hewetson, Miss R. E., M.A., Putney High School, The Homefield, Putney Hill, S.W. 15.
Hicks, Miss A. M., M.A., 33, Downside Crescent, Hampstead,
N.W.
Hicks,
3.
Bombay.
Hill, G. F., M.A,, British Museum, London, W.C. 1.
HiLLARD, Rev. A. E., D.D., Head Master of St. Paul's School,
West Kensington, W. 14.
Hirst, Miss G, M., Barnard College, Columbia University, New
York, U.S.A.
*Hirst, Miss M. E.,
Hobhouse,
Ven.
Gloucester.
5,
High
Street, Saffron
Archdeacon
W.,
M.A.,
Walden.
8,
College
Green,
APPENDIX
206
Hodge,
W.
HoFMEYER, Prof.
J. H.,
M.A.,
S.
nesburg, S. Africa.
mundham,
Suffolk.
N.W.
Holland, Miss J. I., B.A., 44, Roberts Road, High Wycombe.
Holland, Miss M. E., B.A., Withington Girls' School, Fallowfield, Manchester.
Hollidge, D. H., M.A., The University, Adelaide, 8. Au.stralia.
Hollowell, Rev. W., Calday Grange School, West Kirby, Cheshii-e.
*Hollway, C. R., 59, Carlisle Mansions, Victoria Street, London,
S.W. 1.
Holme, A. E., M.A., Wheelwright Grammar School, Dewsbury.
Holmes, T. Rice, Litt.D., Avonmore, Umbria Street, Roehampton, S.W. 15.
Homersham, Miss M. M., Beaufront, Camberley, Surrey.
Hooker, Miss M., 1, Ivor Road, Sparkhill, Birmingham.
Hooper, Miss E. S., M.A., Heatherley, Chislehurst Road, Sidcup.
Hopkins, G. B. Innes, M.A., Orley Farm School, Harrow.
Hopkins, T. H. C, M.A., The School, Berkhamsted, Herts.
HoPKiNSON, xS'iV Alfred, M.A., LL.D., K.C., Beltwood, Rickmansworth, Herts.
HoPKiNSON, Rev.
J. H.,
M.A.,
18,
J. E, B.,
Houghton, A.
M.A.,
V., B.A.,
l.O.S.,
207
Manchester.
W.C.
2.
8,
Salisbury
Street, Liverpool.
Jack,
M7-s., 30,
* Jackson,
S. R.,
APPENDIX
208
James,
W.
P., B.A.,
Cardiff.
Durham.
Jex-Blake, Miss H., Principal, Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.
*Jex-Blake, Miss K., M.A., Principal, Girton College, Cambridge.
JoBSON, Rev. R.
F.,
Chester.
Jones, F.,
Jones, H.
L.,
Grammar
School, Lincoln-
.shire.
7,
Cardiflf.
Jones,
Joseph, H.
209
W.
F.,
145,
Gloucester Terrace,
Hyde Park,
2.
Kingdom,
T., 13,
Kipling, Mrs. P.
Knight, Miss
N.W.
C.
M., M.A.,
9,
3.
Club, Pall
Mall, S.W.
Wycombe Abbey
School, Bucks,
APPENDIX
210
Laurie, G.
B.,
E., B.A,,
Lee,
Warden
108a,
Lexham Gardens,
of Trinity College,
The University,
Melbourne.
W.C. 2.
Leman, H. M., M.A., LL.M., 29, Herbert Road, Sherwood
Rise, Nottingham.
Leverton, Rev E., M.A., Menheniot Vicarage, Liskeard.
Lewjs, Miss A. K., S. Hampstead High School for Girls.
London, N.W.
Lewis, Mrs. A. S., LL.D., D.D., Castlebrae, Cambridge.
Lewis, Miss D. A., 204, Monument Road, Birmingham.
Lewis, Miss E., 13, Rawlinson Road, Oxford.
Lewis, Rev. F., M.A., The Gale, Ambleside.
Lewis, J. G. R., Administrator's
Office,
Windhuk, Protectorate
nr. Leeds.
St.
Birmingham.
W.
211
Leyton, Frof. A.
S.,
St. Helen's,
Adel, near
Leeds.
Liberty, Miss M., 29, Upper Park Fields, Putney, London, S.W.
Lichfield, Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of, The Palace, Lichfield.
W.
2,
1.
sands, Liverpool.
Lipscomb,
W.
G.,
M.A., The
Grammar
School, Bolton.
pelier
Road, Brighton.
APPENDIX
212
W.
1.
W,
8.
Mackenzie,
Eev.
MACLEOD,
Leeds.
Miss
E.,
7,
(Re.;igned
St.
Michael's
Crescent,
Headingley,
temporal ily.
Macurdy, Miss G.
11.,
N.Y., U.S.A.
213
Mann,
Rev.
H. K.,
St.
Cuthbert's
Grammar
School, Newcastle-
on-Tyne.
Marston,
F.,
Dudley
Girls'
High
School,
Dudley,
Worcestershire.
Masham,
Manchester.
Matheson, p.
E.,
M.A.,
1,
May,
N.W.
T., F.E.I.,
N.B.
APPENDIX
214
*Mayor, R.
J.
Hill, Surrey.
a, M.A., Board
of Education, Whitehall,
Office,
S.W.
1.
Whitehall,
S.W. 1.
McClure, Sir J. D., LL.D., B.Mus., Mill Hill School, N.W.
McCoMBiE, Miss G. C, M.A., 36, North Bailey, Durham.
McOrea, Miss G. J., High School for Girls, Stafford.
McCroben, Miss G., MA., Girls' High School, Wakefield.
*McCutcheon, Miss K. H., B.A., Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford.
McElderry, Prof. R. Knox, M.A., Ardgriana, Galway.
McKay, H.
McMuRTRiE, Miss B.
S.
B.,
M.A.,
Eastbourne.
40,
Eversley
Crescent,
Isleworth, Middlesex.
W.
14.
Monk,
215
Sale,
Cheshire.
Morris, A.
Morris, G.
E., 10,
G.,
W.
2.
*MuLVANEY,
*MuMM, A.
N.W.
27,
Cumberland
1.
M.A.,
4,
Hyde Park
Street,
W.
2.
Murray,
Church, Oxford,
Murray, ProJ. Howar;1, LL.D., Dalhousie College,
Halifax,
Canada,
*MuRRAY, John, M.A., 50a, Albemarle Street, W. L
Murray, John, M,A., Christ Church, Oxford.
MusPRATT, E. K., LL.D., Seaforth Hall, Liverpool.
Musson, 3fiss C. J., Cintra Lodge, Reading.
N.W.
*Naylor, Prof.
4.
Australia.
Needham,
C. T.,
Neild, Miss H.
M.P
T.,
APPENDIX
216
T.,
Street, Dublin.
W.
D.,
M.A.,
King's
College,
Kensington
8.
O'Brien, Rev. P.
Lincoln's Inn,
W.C.
2.
E.,
R, M.A.,
Paget,
217
50,
4.
Palmer,
Pantin,
W.
W.
D.D.
14.
Albans.
28
APPENDIX
218
W.
W.
Phillips, Prof.
Phillips, Rev.
P.,
P.,
Cam
Norfolk.
Phipps, 3Iis3
wood,
Platt,
N.W.
ProJ.
N.W.
S.,
M. E.
2.
A.,
M.A.,
5,
Chester Terrace,
Regent's Park,
1.
W.
2.
Prof.
J.
P.,
Litt.D.,
F.B.A.,
15,
N.W.
3.
Linnet Lane,
Liverpool.
*'PoyfELL,
Grove Park,
Wood
Mount
219
N.W.
QuELCH,
Parliament
Hill,
Hampstead, N.W.
3.
*Radcliffe,
W. W.
W.
2.
*Radford, Miss,
36,
S.,
Litt.D.,
Essex.
Birmingham
APPENDIX
220
N.W.
3.
Cape Town.
Roberts, C. W., Well Close, Brighouse, Yorks.
Roberts, Miss H. M., Girls' Secondary School, Brighouse, Yorks.
Roberts, Miss M. E., Girls' Grammar School, Bradford, Yorks.
Roberts, T. F., M.A., LL.D., Frincipal of University College,
Aberystwyth.
Roberts, W., M.A., 8, King Street, Wrexham, Denbighshire.
Roberts, Prof. W. Rhys, M.A., Litt.D., 13, St. Michael's
Crescent, Headingley, Leeds.
;
Robertson,
Ainslie^J.,
Liverpool.
Robertson, D.
S.,
221
N.W.
RooKE,
6.
iMiss M., 7,
Roscoe, H.
W.
4.
Moon
Street, Mayfair,
W.
1.
School,
Tower
Bridge, S.E.
W.
N., M.A.,
E., 15,
German
RussBLL, B.
Swynford
Croft,
Knighton Rise,
Leicester.
*Ryle, Miss
Place, Brighton.
Park,
S.,
Denham
Cottage,
W.
College,
APPENDIX
222
228
M.
L. S;, Girls'
High
School,
Durham.
*Squire,
Steavenson, E.
J.,
B.A.,
Monkton Combe
School, Bath.
*Steele, J.
APPENDIX
224
New
Zealand.
Stewart, Rev. H.
Stokes,
J.,
Sheffield.
Wanstead, Essex.
<
Sydney-Turner, S., 37, Gt. Ormond Street, London, W.C, 1.
Sykes, Arthur, Lady wood Cottage, Roundhay, Leeds.
Sykes, A. A., 16, Edith Road, West Kensington, W. 14.
*Sykes, J. C. G., C.B., M.A., 38, Grosvenor Road, Westminster,
S.W. 1.
Symes, Miss E., M.A., Redland High School, Bristol.
Syson, Miss M. F., Dunmarklyn, Weston-super-Mare
Tabor, A. S., M.A., The Manor House, Cheajn, Surrey.
Talbot, J., M.A., B.Sc. (War Service.)
Talbot, J. E., M.A., 12, Stanhope Gardens, S.W. 7.
225
N.B.
Taylor, Miss A. M., 48, Penywern Road, S.W.
Taylor, Miss E. M., Woodlands, Baring Road, Grove Park,
S.E.
5.
5.
New
Road, Prestwich,
ilancliester.
Tennant, Miss
Terry, F.
J.,
L. E., 19,
The
Thackeray, H.
St.
J.,
M.A.,
Cross, Bucks.
APPENDIX
226
Hants.
ToD, M. N., M.A., Onel College, Oxford.
Tottenham, Miss E. L., c/o Messrs. T. Cook
Ure, Prof.
Vaughan, Miss
Harrow-on-the-Hill.
Wage, A.
J. B.,
St.
Albans.
G.,
M.A., The
Grammar
School,
227
Udclingston,
Scotland.
Walder,
Wallace, Miss
I.
Mass., U.S.A.
Walters,
Frof.
C. Flamstead,
W.C. 2.
Walters, H. B., M.A., British Museum, W.C. 1.
Warburton, F., 79, Albert Avenue, Sedgeley Park, Prestwich,
Manchester.
Ward,
Ward,
C. H.,
J. F.,
Australia.
Magdalen
Water field,
College, Oxford.
(No addi-ess.)
Waterfield, Rev. Canon R., M.A., Principal, Cheltenham
A. P.
College.
19,
APPENDIX
228
Watkins,
M.,
P.
Bev.
The
Dene,
Caterham-on-the-Hill,
Surrey.
Weber, W.
E.,
(War
M.A.
Service.)
Yorks.
Manchester.
0. M., B.A., Eton College, Windsor.
Wells,
Wells,
of Michigan,
Ann
Whitehead, Miss
F.
Girls, Barnsley,
Yorkshire,
* Whitehead,
Street,
Hanover Square, W.
1.
4,
George
W.
36,
Castlebar
229
Road, Ealiog,
5.
J.,
Williams,
L.
Stanley,
Cheshire.
APPENDIX
230
86,
B.S.,
USA.
Wynne-Edwards, Rev. J. R., M.A., Grammar
Wyse, W., M.A., Halford, Shipston-on-Stour.
School, Leeds.
High
Bu-kenhead.
W.C.
1.
231
LIBRARIES
Public Library, New Bridge Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Literary and Philosophical Society, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Mount Holyoke
College,
Hadley,
South
Massachusetts,
U.S.A.
University of California, Bei-keley, California, U.S.A.
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A., c/o
Messrs. Sotheran & Co., 140, Strand, W.C.
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& Brown,
NOTICE
The Hon. Treasurer
will
Cowl, Prof. R. P.
Crawford, G. R.
Davidson, D. D.
be
glad
Members
to
receive
the present
Rhys, Miss M.
Waterfield, A. P.
Willis, J. A.
be
index
it
consulted.
The mark
district.)
ENGLAND
Cambridgeshire
coHtimted
Emmanuel
Greenwood,
L.
H. G.
Xing' s College
Sheppard,
J. T.
Tilley, A. A.
Waldstein, Sir C.
Wedd, N.
Magdalene
Coll.
Newnham
Coll.
Pemlrohe
Coll.
Benson, A. C.
*Gaselee, S.
Peskett, A. G.
Vernon-Jones, V. S.
Harrison, Miss J. E.
Lindsell, Miss A. E.
Sharpley, Miss E. M.
Wedd, Mrs. N.
Bethune-Baker, Rev.
J. F.
Lawson,
J. C.
Whibley, L.
Peter.hewse
Edwards, H. J.
Ward, Sir A. W.
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Cook, Prof. A. B.
Grav, Rev. J. H.
Plaistowe, F. G.
Catharine's
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Jones, W. H.
Loewe, H.
S.
Glover, T. R.
Graves, Rev. C. E.
Sandys, Sir J. E.
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Stewart, Rev. H. F.
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tagu.
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Jackson, Prof. H.
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Parry, Canon R. St. J.
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V. H.
Stobart, J. C,
Stuart, C. E.
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C. F.
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Coll.
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continued
Cambridge contin^ied
Trinity Hall
Angus,
Coll. Giles, P.
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APPENDIX
284
Durham
continued
Cheshieb
Chester
Hyde
Liscard
Lymm
Prenton
Sale
Hollowell, Rev.
W.
South Shields
Cornwall
Braintree
Tayler, Rev. C. B.
Allison, Sir, R.
Bevan, Miss F. E.
Hutchinson, Sir
Cockermouth
J. T.
Dedham
Fclsted
Alfreton
Barley Dale
Matlock Bath
Repton
.
DevonshireBampton
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Barnstaple
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Moxon, Rev. T. A.
Osborne, J. N.
Flood, Miss M. L.
Watkins, Miss L. B.
Balmforth, H.
Gloucesteeshire
Slater,
Sandford, Miss.
Thompson,
Barton, J. E.
Brooks, Prof. F.
Campion, Rev. C. T.
Collins, Rev. S. T.
Dobson, Prof. J. F.
Dobson, Mrs. J. F.
Gardner, Miss A.
King, Dr J. E.
Mayor, H. B.
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Symes, Miss E.
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H.
Bevonport
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BuUer, Rev. F. G.
Abel, H. G.
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Chesterfield
Crediton
H.
Rendall, Rev. G. H,
Stephenson, Rev. F.
Rhoades, J.
Lewis, Miss M. E.
Saffron Walden Hirst, Miss M. E.
Wright, F. A.
Thorpe Bay
Waltham Abbey Johnston, F. B.
Guy, Rev. R. C.
Walthamstow
Swallow, Rev. R. D.
Wanstead
.
Derbyshire
Prittlewell
CUMBEELAND
.
Woodard, E. A.
Kirwan, G. R.
Essex
S.
Ward, W. W.
Kelvedon
Bullgill
Carlisle
Blackett, J. M. P.
Walker, Rev. D.
Falmouth
Truro
Morgan, Miss B. H.
Watson, Miss E.
Wallasey
West Kirby
C.
J.
McCombie, Miss.
Smith, Miss M. L.
Durham
Smith, A.
Jones, H. L.
Richards, Miss F. G.
Trayes, F. E. A.
Turner, Miss W.
Atkinson, A. V.
Leverton, Rev. G.
Headlam, Rev. A.
Castle
Kemp, Miss M.
Nantioich
Barnard
Cruickshank, Rev. A,
H.
How, Rev. J. H.
Jevons, Principal F. B.
Day, Miss K.
Jobson, Rev. R. F.
Cheltenham,
J.
Thornton, C.
Towers, R. M.
Waterfield, Rev. Canon
The College
Pollard, A. T.
R.
Dorset
Parhstone
Sherhoi'ne
Wimlorne
J.
Morris, G. G.
Smith, N. C.
Bernard, Rev. Canon
E.
FaithfuU, Miss L. M.
Ladies' Coll.
Clieltenham
*Purdie, Miss E.
EUam, E.
Exton, G. F.
Higgs, Miss M. K.
Horsfall, Miss.
Newman, W. L.
Wishart, Miss J. R.
GhovcESTEB.smB.Econti>nied
Baker, A. B. L.
Gloucester
Crees, J. H. E.
Xemerton
Hobhouse, Rev. W.
Drysdale, Miss M.
Layng, Rev. T.
Saunders, Miss M. B.
Bramley, J.
King's Stanley
Prestbicry
Stonehouse
.
235
Hertford
Letchworth
.
Rickmansworth
St. Albans
Ferguson, Miss
J. S.
Miall, Prof. L. C.
Hopkinson, Sir A.
Archibald, Miss E.
Harley, T. R.
Papillon, Rev. Canon
T. L.
Wace, A.
J. B.
Beasley, T. E.
Ward, Rev. Canon B.
Tring
Ware
Uampshire
Andover
Hammans, H.
Basingstoke
C.
T.
Bournemouth
Fleet
Davies, R.
Prickard, A. 0.
C.
of Wight,
Godfrey, C.
Osborne
Ashbee, J. N.
Zee-on-Solent
Titherington, Rev. A.
Lijfhook
F.
Badley, J. H.
Petersfield
Williams, A. M.
Nicol, J. C.
PortS7nouth .
Genner, Miss G. B.
Bomsey
Ellahy, C. S.
Sonthamjtton
Gidden, H. W.
Holder, P. J.
Southsea
White, Miss E. L.
Billson, C. J.
Winchester
Bramston, Rev. J. T.
Devine, A. J.
Kirby, W. R.
Kendall, M. J.
Isle
Kent
Boughton- MonChelsea
Bromley
Corbet, E. K.
Barker, Rev.
Bate, R.
Canterbury
Bowen. H.
Charing
Ch islehurst
Eastry
Buckley, Miss M. S.
Burnside, Rev. W. F.
Jones, C. C. L.
Mason, Rev. A. J.
Burton, G. A.
Barker, E. J. P. Ross.
Myers, Ernest.
Northbourne, Lord.
Compton, Rev. W. C.
Conway, Miss A. E.
Waters, Miss E. M.
Parker, Rev. W.
Maidstone
Ramsgate
Hertfordshire
Baldock
Berkhamsted
.
E.
Hooper, Miss E. S.
Churchyard, O. P.
Gordon, W. M.
Hodge, H. S. V.
Lowry, C.
Stokoe, H. R.
Tunbridge Wells Bull, Rev. R. A.
Tonbridge
Chapman, P. M.
Muck-DewchurchDe Winton, A. J.
.
W.
Pearce, J.
Hawhhurst
Sidcu])
Heeefordshire
.
C.
Footscray
Rochester
Hereford
"S.
Canon
P.
Hall, Miss M. L.
Newbold, W.
Evans, Lady.
Greene, C. H.
Hopkins, T. H. C.
Sanders, Miss A. F. E.
Sowels, Miss G. R.
Stort-
Bishoj}'s
ford
Bushey
Haileyhury
Coll.
Kennedy, W.
Malim, F. B.
Vaughan, M.
Waters, G. T.
Laxcashire
Stonyhurst.
Blackburn
See
Bolton
Ai-cher, F.
Carrutbers, G.
Dymond, Miss 0.
Lipscomb, W. G.
APPENDIX
286
L ANCASHiRB
Burnley
Lancashibe continued
Continued
.
Henn,
Et.
Rev. H.
(Bishop of Burnley).
Liverpool
(continued)
.
Charley
Clitheroe
Cohie
....
Freshjield
Great Crosby
Huyton
Liverpool.
Allen, Yen.
W.
C.
Llewellyn, Miss G.
Parker, Col. J. W. R.
Hopkinson, Rev. J. H.
Ward, Miss A. M.
Peake, Prof. A. S.
Bunce, Miss M.
Apperson, Miss D.
Beasley, H. C.
Beaumont, Miss.
Bosanquet,
R.
Prof.
C.
Bramley-Moore, Miss.
Brockman, Rev. R.
Broom, C. G. M.
Brown, H. Theodore.
Browne, Miss T. M.
Campagnac, Prof.
<.
W.
Haward,
Gwatkin, Miss E. R.
Halliday, Prof. W. R.
Kiphng, Mrs. P. F.
Lancelot, Rev. J. B.
Linton - Smith, Rev.
M.
Lloyd, D. J.
Postgate, Prof. J. P.
Prideaux, W. R.
Miss
J.
W.
S.
W.
L.
Heathcote, A.
Herford, Miss C.
*Herford, Miss M. A.
B.
Holland, Miss M. E.
Horsfall, Rev. A.
Howarth, Miss A.
Hurst, W. T.
Husband,
A.
Macnaugliton, D. A.
Muspratt, E. K.
O'Malley, B. F. K.
Pallis, Alexander.
Papamosco, Miss A.
S.
C.
Grensted, Rev, L.
Guppy, H.
Hall, Joseph.
Haskins, F. W.
Finch, J. J.
*Forbes, Kenneth.
Frisch, E.
Gladstone, Robert.
M.
Field. G. C.
Fry, C. E.
Geden, Rev. A.
Goodyear,
Downie, Miss C. G.
East, Miss E. K.
Ewart, Miss E. J.
Eackham,
W. M.
Dawkins, Prof.
Boyd.
Donner, Sir E.
Eckhard, Mrs.
Cradock- Watson, H.
Rigby, Rev. R.
Calder, Prof.
Dakers, H. J.
Davies, Miss J.
W,
Conway, Prof. R.
Conway, Mrs.
Crammer, R. W.
Carlisle, E.
jNIacfarlane,
Manchester
T.
Lytham
Robinson, Miss M. P.
Smiley, M. T.
Smith, Miss E. M.
Smith, Miss W.
Thomeley, Miss B.
Watts, A.
Sarson, Arnold.
Agar, T. L.
Anderson, Prof. W. B.
Ashton, Mrs.
Barlow, T. D.
Barlow, Mrs. T. D.
Biggs, Miss W.
Boddington, J. E.
Boycott, Prof. A. E.
Bfaunholtz, G. E. K.
Burstall, Miss S. A.
5Iiss J.
Irwin, Rev. H.
Jack, Mrs.
Knox, Rt. Rev. B.
(Bishop of Manchester).
Limebeer, Miss D.
Mason, Rev. W. A. P.
Massey, Mrs.
Miers, Sir H. A.
Moulton, Rev. J. H.
Manchexter
(contimwd)
.
Needham,
C. T.
237
APPENDIX
288
London continued
Wood Green,
London conthmed
Owen's School,
Islington
Parmiter's
Cholmeley, R. F.
London
Sell.,
Heward,
JV'.E.
G. A. L.
Putney High
School
Hewetson, Miss R.
Crofts, T. R. N.
iS^.
Gr.
Glare's
School
Kingdom,
T.
Rushbrooke, W. G.
Witton, P. W.
St. Paul's Girls'
School
Affleck, R.
Barkby, E. M.
Betting, C. G.
Gould, T. W.
Hillard, Rev. A. E.
La Motte, D.
Loane, G. G.
Mathews, L. H.
*Pantin,
W.
S.
E. P.
S.
E. S.
Streatham High
Powell, Miss M. H.
School
Tollington H. S. Martin, Miss A. P.
University Coll. Butler, Prof. H. E.
Caspari, M. O. B.
Gardner, Prof. E. A.
Piatt, Prof. A.
.
Almond, Miss E. M.
Parker, Miss C. E.
Richardson, Miss A.
W.
Skeel, Miss C. A. J,
Westminster
School
Gow, Rev.
J.
Sargeaunt, J.
Smedley,
I.
F.
Gavin, Miss E.
Wimbledon:
Ecolesbourne
School
.
A. W. M.
Baker, Rt. Hon. H. T.
Baker- Penoy re, J. 3.
Baines, Miss K. M.
Rt.
Hon.
Balfour,
Gerald.
Barlee, K. W.
Barnett, P. A.
Beggs, Miss J. W.
Edward.
Bennett, Mrs. A. H.
Benton, Miss S.
Blackett, B. P.
Bland, Miss E. D.
Blundell, Miss A.
Boas, F. S.
Bradley, Prof. A. C.
Bridge, Admiral Sir C.
Brodribb, C. W.
Browning, Judge
W.
Ernst.
Bruce, Hon. W. N.
Bryce, Viscount.
Buckland. C. E.
Burge, Rt. Rev. H. M.
(Bishop of Southwark).
Burke, Miss M. E.
Burton, Miss A. L.
Bushe, Brig.-Gen. F.
Butcher, J. G.
Calthrop, Miss C. M.
Campbell, Miss E.
Campbell, Mrs. L.
Case, Miss A. J.
J.
Caspari, Mrs. M. G.
Chambers, E. J.
Charnwood. Lord.
Chettle, H.
Cohen, H.
Collins, V. H.
CoUison - Morley,
L.
C.
Colvin, Sir S.
Altbaus, T. F.
Antrobus, Sir R. L.
Armstead, Miss H.
Hon.
Asquith,
Rt.
H. H.
Atkinson, Miss A. L.
Bell,
Gedge, Miss E. C.
Gray, Miss F.
Rogers, Miss M. D.
Baillie,
Lewis, Miss A. K.
Mary's O'^^.^Powell, Miss H. L.
.
Wood, Miss M. H.
St.
Bailey, J. C.
South Hampstead
High School
Beasley, T. E.
Conder, Miss E. M.
Cotterell, Miss M. F.
Crawford, Earl of.
Crosby, Miss A. D.
London continued
London
{continved)
CuUey, Mrs.
Curtis, Miss K. M.
Curzon, Earl.
Dale, F. H.
Davidson, M. G.
De Gruchv, W. L.
Dingwall,"W. F.
Dobbie, Sir J. J.
Dow, M. K.
Droop, J. P.
Dunlop, Miss M. M.
Easterling, H. G.
Edwards,
J.
B.
Elliott, R. A. E.
Esdaile, A. J. K.
Evans, Sir E. V.
Farwell, Lord Justice
Finlay, Lord.
Forbes, H. J. S.
Frazer, Sir J. G.
Garnsey, E. E.
Gilson, J. P.
Goode, A. G.
Greene, H.
Grigg, E. W.
M.
Gurney, Miss A.
Eaigb^ Mrs. E. A.
Halsbury, Earl of.
Haydon, J. H.
Haynes, E. S. P.
Headlam,
J.
Pi.
W.
Heath, H. F.
Heath, Sir T. L.
Eetherington, J. N.
Hewart, Sir Gordon.
Hicks, Miss A. M.
Hildesley, A.
Hill, G. F.
Hodge, H.
Hole, B. B.
Hollway, C. R.
Holmes, T. Rice.
Hubback, Miss C. J. M.
Hiigel, Baron F. von.
Hutton, Miss C. A.
Hutton, Miss E. P. S.
Johnson, C.
Kensington, Miss F.
Kenyon,
289
Sir F. G.
C. A.
Miss C. M.
Ker, W.
Knight,
Lamb, Miss W.
Langridge, A.
Lattimer, R. B.
Leader, Miss E.
Leaf, Walter.
Le, Ry. R.
London
(continued)
M.
Longman,
and
Mackail, J. \V,
Macmillan, G. A.
Martin, Miss A. P.
Martin, Miss G. E. G.
Matthaei, Miss L. E.
Matthews, Miss M. W.
Mattiiigly, H.
Mavrogordato, J. N.
Mayor, R. J. G.
McAnally, H. W. W.
Meiklejohn, R. S.
Merrick, Rev. G. P.
Michael, Miss E. McL.
Miller, Rev. G.
Millington, Miss M. V.
Milner, Viscount.
Mitcheson, R, E.
Morison, L.
Morley of Blackburn,
Viscount.
Mudie-Cooke, Miss P.
B.
Mumm,
A. L.
Murray, John.
Nicholson, E. B,
Nicholson, Miss M.
O'Connor, B.
Paget, R.
Pember, F. W.
Pen die bury, C.
Phillimore", Sir
Plaskitt, W. L.
Pollard, A. T.
Pollock, Sir F
W.
Pooley, H. F.
Poynter, A. M.
Poynter, Sir E. J.
Preedy, J. B. K.
Quelch, Miss
Radcliffe,
W. W.
Radford, Miss.
Rains, J. C. T.
RendaU, V.
Rhodes, Miss C. M.
Richmond, B. L.
G.
APPENDIX
240
London continued
London
Middlesex co<wtwe<i
Richmond,
Sir
W.
B.
Kickards, F. T.
Ridley, Miss E. E. A.
Ritchie, F.
{oontinued)
Isleworth
Hendy, F.
Nortlnoood
Baynes, N. H.
Terry, F. J.
End
Ross, R.
Pander's
Sale, Prof. G. S.
Salter, Mrs. W. H.
Twickenham
Simmons, Miss N.
Uxhridge
J.
J.
Norfolk
Downliam
Market
Bagge, Miss L. M.
Phillips, Rev.
Forncett
Hull
Sykes, A. A.
Sykes, J. C. G.
Talbot, J. E.
Taylor, Mit^s A, M.
Taylor, Miss B. M.
Tavlor, Miss G. M.
Tennant, Miss L. E.
King's Lynn
Norioich
Vaisey, H. B.
Varley, R. S.
Walker, Miss M. E.
Walters, H. B.
Waterhouse.Miss G.M.
Waterlow, S.
Watson, Miss J.
Whiskard, G. G.
White, A. H.
Whitehead, Miss T. G.
Whitestone, R. A. W.
Wilkinson, H. Spenser.
H.
Du
Pontet, C. A. A.
Brackley
Brtxworth
Nort?tam2)fo7i,
Oundle
Peterhorovgh
Hort,
Harroio
Sir A. F.
Owen, Rev. E.
C. E,
Virgo, Miss E. M.
Nightingale, A. D.
Sanderson, F. W.
Squire, S. G.
Baxter, Rev. H.
Woods, Rt. Rev. F.
Peter-
NOHTHUMBERLAND
Dakyns, G. D.
Morijeth
Neiccastle-on-
Tyne
Anderton, B,
Cooke, H. P.
Hadow, W. H.
Lush, Miss C.
Mann, Rev. H. K.
Richardson, G. H.
Smith, H. N.
Taylor, Miss M. A.
Butler, G. G.
Waaler
Nottinghamshire
.
Hallam, G. H.
Hopkins, G. B. Innes
Ashwin, Rev. R. F.
Hiilbert, H. L. P.
Charlesworth, G, N.
Cooke, W. C. 0.
(Bishop of
borough),
Neicark-onTrent
Ford, Rev. L.
C.
NOETHAMPTONSHIBB
Woolrych, H, R.
Wotherspoon, G.
R.
Wood, H. Mackinnon.
Wood, R. S.
W.
Tyler, C. H.
Winfield, L.
Williams, A. F. B.
Williams, C. A.
Willis, J. A.
Wye, J. M.
Zimmern, A. E.
'
Gran, Miss L.
Raleigh, Miss K.
Storr, F.
Stuart, Miss J. J.
Thomas, F. W.
Thomas, H.
Thompson, F. E.
Thomson, H. R.
Townsend, Miss F. H.
Middlesex
Harrow School
Seebohm, H. B.
Hodgson, F. C.
J.
Smyth, A.
Stawell, Miss F. M.
Steavenson, E.
S.
B.
Rooke, Miss M.
Smith, D. R.
Smith, F. E,
J. R.
McMurtrie, Miss B.
Nottingham
Gorse, Rev. H.
Barker, E. P.
Blunt, Rev. A.
Facon, H. T.
Field, Rev. T,
W.
F.
Beiford
continued
*Granger, Prof. F. S.
Houston, Miss E. C.
Leman, H. M.
Strangeways, L. E.
Woodward, Miss A.
Gough, Eev. T.
OxFOBDSHlRB
Oxford
continued
(contin ued)
OXFOErSHIRE
Caversham
Cvddesdon
Fletcher, C. E. L.
Miss H. M. Budgen.
Eev. C.
Gore,
Et.
(Bishop of Oxford.)
Henhy
Williams, Eev. G. H.
Old Beadington Jloor, Mrs. E. N. F.
.
Fotheringham,
Godley, A. D.
J.
Smith, Prof.
A.
Webb,
Geldart,
Greene,
W.
How, W. W.
Garrod, H.
Joachim, H. H,
Lindsay, A. D.
A.
Srasenose
Christ Church
W.
Scott, Walter.
New
Heberden, C. B.
Cvli.
Haverfield, Prof. F.
Strong, Very Ee v. T.B.
Anderson, J. G. C.
Dundas, E. H.
Murray, John
Murray, Prof. G. G. A.
Owen,
S.
G.
Sanday, Dr. W.
Warner, Eev. W.
.
Clark, Prof. A. C.
Grundy, G. B.
*Livingstone, E. W.
Sidgwick, A.
Stewart, Prof.
Whit well,
Mretrr College
J.
A.
E. J.
Farnell, L. E.
Barber, E. A.
*BinneT, E. H.
Keatinge, M. W.
Wright, Prof. J.
Hertford Coll. .*Burroughs, Eev. E. A.
Je^vs College
.*Genner, E. E.
Hughes, Eev. W. H.
Eelle College
Cooper, H. B.
Lock, Eev. W.
.
Owen, A.
College
Spooner, Eev.
Oriel College
Phelps, Eev. L. E.
Barry, Eev. F. E.
Chapman, E. W.
Eichards, Eev. G.
Tod, M. N.
Qvee7i's College
Magrath, Eev. J. E.
Allen, T. W.
.
S.
Grenfell, Prof. B. P.
Hunt, A.
.'
L.
Wadham
Coll.
.*WeUs,
31
J.
Drewitt, J. A.
Pope, G. H.
Jex-Blake, Miss H.
Argles, ISIiss E. M.
*McCutcheon,MissK.H,
S,
Paton, H. J.
Walker, Eev. E. M,
St. Ji:dmund Hall WiWiams. Eev. H. II.
St. John's Coll.. Ball, S.
*Hall, F. W.
Powell, J. U.
Stocks, J. L.
Somerville Coll. Penrose, Miss E.
*Lorimer,
Miss
H.
Lady Marqaret
Hall
W. A.
Henderson, H. L.
Joseph, H. W. B.
Matheson, P. E.
Corpus Christi
Cvlleye
Miles, J. C.
Scott, G. II.
Cambridge,
Fyfe, W^ H.
W. M.
W. A.
Pickard
C. C. J.
Allen, P. S.
Pember, F. W.
Coll.
J.
K.
Wilson, Eev. H. A.
Merton College
Oxford
All Souls
241
Webster, E. W.
Worcester
Elliott, E. T.
Coll.
Gerrans, H. T.
Lys, Eev. F. J.
Oxford
Goodwin, Miss N. M.
APPENDIX
242
Suffolk
Oxfordshire 6'(;MiJi//e<Z
Hardy, E. G.
Hogarth, D. G.
Lewis, Miss E.
Moss, Rev. Preb. H.
Oxford
{coiitiimed)
Linzell, Miss E.
Elliston, \V. R.
Watson, A, R.
Felixsto7ve
Ipswich
South wold
Peskett, Miss S. M.
Silcox, Miss L.
Wefitleto)i
Hogarth, Miss M.
W.
Myres, Prof. J. L.
Odgers, Rev. J. E.
Peacock, M. H.
Poole, Miss D. J. L.
Pope, Mrs.
Rhys, Miss M.
*Rogers, Miss A.M. A.
Simpson, P.
Worley, Miss M. L.
Surrey
I,
Camherley
Homersham, Miss M,
M.
Domaille, Miss M.
Watkins, Rev. P. M.
Cdtcrhi/m
Chart erlumse
School
Newton, Miss A.
Witney
M.
^Bryant, Rev. E. E.
Fletcher, F.
Irvine, A. L.
Kendall, G.
Longworth, F. D.
Rutland
Richards, Rev. J. F.
Luffcnham
Upjnngham
S.
Day, F. M.
Mackenzie, Rev. H. W.
Owen, R. H.
Taylor, A. 0.
Tressler, A.
Cheam
Cheam School
Shifnal
Shrewshnry
Scrapie, Miss G.
Yate, Lt.-Col. A. C.
*Pickering, T. E.
Bruton
MilveHon
Wells
Weston
Mare
Legard, A. G
Richards, F.
Norton, D. E.
Mills, Miss B. T.
Wilkinson, Miss J. H.
r,attiscorabe, E.
Denman, Rev.
C.
Burton-Brown,
Godalming
field).
Carlisle, A. D.
Newton,
Gnildford
Haslcmere
Lamb, W.
New Maiden
....
Oxted
Redliill
Richmond
Sinyfield
Surbiton
F.
Selwyn, Rev. E. C.
James, Miss L.
Bernays, A. E.
W.
Geikie, Sir A.
Nowers, G. P.
Kingston Hill
Limpsfield
Rawnsley,
.
Powell, Miss M.
McCrea, Miss G. J.
Hamlet, Rev. J. G.
Marshall, Miss A. M.O.
Eraser, H. M.
Stone .
Clark, Rev. R. M.
Twist all
Wolverhampton Caldecott, W.
Gregory, Miss A. M.
undtr-Lyvie
C.
Page, T. E.
Lingfield
j\^ewcastle-
Miss
B.
Kew
Clendon, A.
C. (Bishop of Lich-
Stafford
Stoke .
C. L.
llindhead
Kenlcy
Handmcorth
Lichfield
Mainwaring,
Geden, Rev. A. S,
Egham
En (jlefieU Green Donkin, Prof. E. H.
M.
Staffordshire.
svpcr
Syson, Miss M. F.
Farley
Royal Hollo-
Somerset
Bath
W.
Butterworth, Eev. G.
Tabor, A. S.
Armitage, N. C.
Clayyate
Cranleigh Sch. Antrobus, G. L. N.
Johnson, Rev. G. H.
Croydon
.
Coalbroolidale
W.
.
Shropshire
R.
M.
H.
Pearson, A. C.
Dawes, Miss B. A. S.
WabwickshireBirmingham
-co7itmued
Chambers, C. D.
Gilson, R. C.
Harris, J. Rendel.
Hennings, Miss C.
{continued)
Sussex
Bexhill-oa-Sea
Brightiii
W.
S.
Lunn, Miss A. C.
Cromborough
Eastbourne
McKay, H.
G.
ISaunders, T. B.
Hove
Lewes
Williams, Rev. F. S.
Worters, Miss E. B.
Carson, H. J.
Oke, A. W.
Thring, L. T.
Tower, B. H.
Mayfield
Pereira, Rev. E.
*Reynolds, R. W.
Robertson, Miss M.
W. U.
Sonnenschein,
Prof.
P.
Marshall, Rev. D. H.
Marshall, Mrs. D. H.
Eyle, Miss E.
Thompson, F. C.
Veysey, W. B.
Neild, Miss H. T.
Browne, Rev. E. L.
Dale, Miss A. M.
Johns, Miss E. L.
Hooker, Miss S. M.
Jones, Frank.
King, Mrs. Wilson.
Lewis, Miss D. A.
Lewis, Dr. O. R.
Lilley, Miss M.
Measures, A. E.
Orange, Miss B.
Browning, 0.
Kyrke-Penson,Miss E.
*Belcher, A. Hayes.
Da vies, Miss C. H.
Dawson, Rev. W. E.
De Zoucbe, Miss D. E.
Ghey, Miss F. L.
Hett,
Warren, E. P.
Thompson,
Sir
Leamington
Rughy
E. A.
Vince, C. A.
Walker, A. S.
Beaven, Rev. A. B.
Turner, Miss E.
Blagden, Rev. C. M.
Cole, E. L. D.
Costley - White, Rev.
H.
David, Rev. A. A.
Michell, W. G.
Strafford
Avo7i
Hodgson, Rev. F. H.
Ashford, Miss D.
Davis, Miss M.
Edghill, Miss E. M.
Warwick
E.
Maunde.
Midhtirst
Rodmell
Seaford
Cliavasse, A. S.
Waterlow, S.
Compton, Miss D.
Parry, E. H.
Trollope, A. H.
Leonards
Steyning
Worthing
Lea, Rev. E. T.
Moore, E. W.
Upcott, Rev. A. W.
Winbolt, S. E.
Bennett, G. B.
Dunham, Miss A. G.
Wakwickshieb
Birmingham
WestmoblandAmbleside
Grasmere
Kendal
Bowlby, Rev. H. T.
Griffith, Miss C. St. H,
West Horsham,
Christ's Hosj).
243
MiUithorpe
Chippenham.
Wiltshire
England, E. B.
Lewis, Rev. F.
Haslam, Rev. A. B.
Moor, S. A.
Hamilton, J.
Evans, W. H.
Marlborough
College
Pewsey
Salisbury
Brown, A. C.
Norwood, C.
B.
W. H,
Derriman, Miss M. K.
Branfoot, Rev.
WOECESTEBSHIBE
Alder, Miss M. B,
Ball, G. H.
Ballinger, Miss I. M.
Barrett, Miss H. M.
Baugh, Miss E. M.
Brock, Miss, M.D.
Alvechurch
Impey, R. L.
Broadway
Lamb,
Bromsgrove
Dudley
Sir R. E.
Furness, E. H.
Mayall, A.
Gough, Miss M. M.
MarstoD, Miss F.
244
WOBCESTERSHIEE
APPENDIX
WALES
245
APPENDIX
246
NORTH AMERICA
IRELAND
Ballinasloe
Belfast
BuUui
Bervoch
Dempsey, Rev. T.
Henry, Prof. R. M.
Toronto
Purser, L. C.
Thompson, John.
Murfet, A. T.
.*Exon, Prof. C.
McElderrv, Prof. R. K.
Murfet, a'. T. M.
Sligo
Pye, Prof.
....
Halifax
U.S.A.
Bundee
Bdmburyh
New Haven
Goodell, Prof. T. D.
U.S.A. Illinois
Hale, Prof.
Chicago
.
J.
Prof. G. G.
Barr, R.
W.
U.S.A.
Tarradale
Uddingsto7i
Massachusetts
Cambridge
U.S.A.
U.S.A.
U.S.A.
Benn, Mrs. A. W.
Elmer, Prof. H. C.
Miss G. M.
Hodges, A. L.
MacVay, Miss A. P.
Wye, Miss T. E.
*Leach, Prof. Abby.
Macurdy, Miss G. H.
Thallon, Miss I. 0.
Ithaca
Nem York
* Hirst,
T.
U.S.A.
....
Strong, Mrs.
Mbditberanban
Cyprus
Jasonidy
S.
A.
Pennsylvania
Grove City
Philadelphia
U.S.A.
Virginia
British
.
Fowler, Rev.
Fitzhugh, Prof, T.
J.
Maueitius
.
Charlottesville
MADAGASCAR
Curepipe
Oliphant, Prof. S. G.
Carnoy, Prof. A. J.
Steele, J. P.
Ashby, T.
Rome
Capps, Prof. E.
New York
Poughkeepsie
MacVey,
Kirtland, Prof. J. C.
New Jerset
Pririceton
U.S.A.
O'Brien, Rev. P. F.
New Hampshire
Exeter
EUROPE
.
W.
Minnesota
Winona
Kelsev, Prof. F.
Wenley, Prof. R. M.
U.S.A.
H. W.
Hoernle, R. F. A.
White, Prof. J. W.
Wallace, Miss I. M.
Frakce
Florence
Bell,
Michigan
Ann Arbor
M.
Ferard, R. H.
Green, G. Buckland.
Heard, Rev. W. A.
Stevenson, Miss E.
Davies, Prof. G. A.
Taylor, Rev. A. F.
Abernethy, Miss A. S.
Burnet, Prof. J.
Pearson, Miss E. R.
Shewan, A.
Yule, Miss A. F.
Waddell, W. G.
W. G.
Merrill, Prof. B. T.
Neivtonville
Ramsay,
May, T.
Bell, J.
Glasgow
Montrose
St. Andreivs
Boulogne
Italy
Connecticut
M.
narrower, Prof.
Aberdeen
Blairgowrie
.
'=Auden, Prof. H. W.
De Witt, Prof. N. W.
Langford, Prof. A. L.
Robertson, Prof. J. C.
Smith, Prof. G. 0.
J.
Willis, Miss
W.
J.
Nova Scotia
SCOT LAND
Crieff
Peterson, Principal
Codd, Prof. A. E.
Whyte, Miss
Nolan, Re^. T, V.
Pooler, Rev. Dr.
Galway
Kingston
Montreal
Laurie, Geo. E.
Allen, S.
.
.*Alton, B. H.
Beare, Prof. J. 1.
Brennan, J.
Browne, Rev. Prof. H.
Delany, Rev. W.
Ferrall, C. N.
Keane, Rev. J.
Keen, Miss B. A.
Ennisliillen
Canada
J. K.
SOUTH AMERICA
Guiana
George Town
Clementi, C.
Ceylon
Colombo
Martin, Rev. J. B.
Smith, Leigh.
Giiyomar, Kev. A. H.
EainaPillai.Prof.R.A.
Jaffna
IXDIA
Ahjnedaiad
Hampton, H. V.
Jukes,
J. E. C.
Kennedy, B.
Ahmednagar
Benares
Bom hay
C. A. C,
Monteath, J.
Mulvaney, Prof. C. JL
.*Ailinger, Eev. A.
Allison, F. W.
Anderson, G.
Batchelor, Sir S L.
Burns, Mrs. C.
Cameron, Rev. J.
Chandavarkar, Sir
G.
Chat field, H.
S.
Crerar, J.
Cuvelier, M.
M.
Dawson, M. W.
Gray, H.
Gray, Mrs. R. M.
Haig- Brown, W. A.
Heaton, Sir J. J.
Hon. Mr. C. H. A.
Hill,
Hot son, J. E. B.
Madan, D. M.
Marrs, R.
Palmer, Rt. Rev. E.
J.
(Bishop of Bombay).
Pavri, N. P.
Percival, P. E.
Reade, B. C.
Sale, E. L.
Sanderson, P. M. D.
Shepherd, W. C.
Sheppard, S. T.
Sower by,
IMrs,
Stephanos, A. D.
Tottenham, Miss E.L.
Vakil, F.
Whitty, R. F.
Willis, R. A.
Bijapur
Calcutta
S.
Wren, P.
Shannon, G. C.
Coxe,
Mr.
Justice,
H. H. R.
Macnaghten.H. P.W.
Cliamparaii
Hyderahad
Jalgaon
Karachi
Rainy, G.
Wild; A. C.
Rothfeld, O.
Smvth,
J.
W.
Larliana
247
Sir
Edward Donner,
Vice-Presidents
Esq., M.A.
Hon. Treasurer
H.
J.
T. L. Agar,
Professor R. S. Conway, Litt.D.
Miss W. Biggs Professor M. A. Canney,
Esq., M.A.
,L.
Miss E. Hancock
M.A. H. GuppY, Esq., M.A.
Haward, Esq., M.A. Miss Caroline Herford The
Miss Jeanie Husband,
Rev. J. H. Hopkinson, M.A.
Chairman
248
Blake Reed,
S.
B.A.
Miss
The Rev.
B.A.
Esq.,
W. Turner, M.A.
Nicklin, M.A.
Miss E. A. Shingles,
A.
T.
249
S.
Warman,
Esq., B.A.
Hon. Secretary
Miss M. A. B. Herford, M.A., The University, Manchester.
Excavation Committee
Professor
Professor R. S. Conway, Litt.D.
Chairman
Calder,
M.
M.A.
Professor
W.
Anderson,
W. Blair
D.Sc,
Dawkins,
F.R.S.,
Boyd
W.
Professor
M.A.
Hewlett,
Esq.,
W.
M.A.
E.
G.
Miss M. A. B. Herford,
Phelps,
M.A.
J.
Hopkinson,
J.
The Rev. J. H.
M.A.
H. Williamson,
Professor James Tait, M.A.
Esq.
:
Esq., M.A.
Hon. Secretary
The Rev.
T. Nicklin, M.A.
Hon. Treasurer
H.
J.
(1)
is
edited
by the Rev.
J.
of Professor F. Haverfield.
The new
edition
is
dedicated to the
which
will
be published when
it
is
W. B. Anderson.
now been open for more
The Museum
upon
it is
32
APPENDIX
250
(2)
The scheme
(of
lantern,
for
them
The following meetings have been held during the past twelve
months
January Zlst, 1916. Lecture by Professor E. S. Conway,
Litt.D., on " Some Aspects of British Education in the Light of
the War."
March 7th, 1916. Lecture by Professor Postgate, Litt.D.,
F.B.A., on " The Art and Science of Translation."
October 2lst, 1916.
The Association took part in a Joint
Meeting of the Associated Educational Societies, which was
:
addressed by Sir
November
"
Srcl,
The Training
Henry
1916.
Lectm^e by Miss M.
of the Political
Expert
S. Lilley,
M.A., on
a Study in Plato's
audience.
invited.
were also
251
The Right
His Grace the Archbishop of Birmingham
Watson Caldecott,
Rev. the Lord Bishop op Oxford
M.A. R. Gary Gilson, M.A. Principal Alfred Hayes,
M.A. G. HooKHAM, M.A. The Rev. S. R. James, M.A.
Professor SonnenMiss Major, M.A.
Miss McCrea
The Rev. Canon R. Waterfield, M.A.
schein, D.Litt.
;
C. A.
ViNCE, M.A.
Hon. Treasurer
Miss Baugh, 27, Valentine Road, King's Heath.
Hon. Secretary
Miss Robertson, M.A., The University,
Edmund
Street, Bir-
mingham.
Hon. Secretary
of the
22,
Reading Circle
Committee
A.
Miss Brock, Litt.D.
P. Beaven, M.A.
R. Gary Gilson,
Miss Muriel Davis
Clendon, M.A.
Frank
M.A.
C. H. Heath, M.A. ; Miss Hooker, M.A.
A. E. Measures, M.A.
Miss Lilley, M.A.
Jones, B.A.
Professor Sonnenschein,
R. "W. Reynolds, M.A.
The Rev. A.
D.Litt.
It
its activities,
May lUA. A
illustrated
by lantern
slides.
APPENDIX
252
S. Lilley,
May
by the chairman,
written
"
was
extracts
the future
the
place of
of the country.
of the Classical
classics,
of tv/o propositions
man and
study of
can alone
classics
in
secondary education
the
(2)
below
An
11th, a letter
from
a Platonic Study."
of the
(1)
{i.e.
the
suffice for a
complete education
that there has taken place during the past twenty or twenty-
what the
scientists
demand that
it
should be
is
already
an integral
part
The Vice-Chancellor
of the University
of
Birmingham (Dr
may
results
to
Sir Oliver
our
educational scheme.
develop an
illiterate
'
specialist,
letters
would
and would be an absurdity;
Physical
science
alone
letters, alone,
be
Mr. R.
possible.'
W.
to
are,
It
was
want
of belief in
knowledge as such.
Scientific
253
method was
all
branches of
development of
for the
monopoly
of classics
who
girls
many
are devoting
still
'
In the
many boys
or
to classics.
In
is
largely
not appear to
main personal
the enormous
or twenty-five
the
scientific
properly
if
and
grammar standardised on
their
common point of
common basis
we
Thus
eflB.ciency
be quickened."
Peofessor W.
R.
Halliday,
B.A.,
B.Litt.
(on
Military
Service).
Vice-Presidents
Professor E.
T.
Campagnac R. Caton,
;
APPENDIX
254
Professor J. P.
H. A.
Professor
Emeritus
PosTGATE, LiTT.D., F.B.A.
Esq.
Strong, LL.D. H. E. Vipon, Esq. H. V. Weisse,
A. Pallis, Esq.
A. V. Paton, Esq.
Hon. Treasurer
J.
Montgomery,
Committee
Miss
Professor R. C. Bosanquet
Theodore Brown, Esq. Miss
Professor E. T. Campagnac R. Caton,
T. M. Browne
Esq., M.D.; Miss Chapman; H. Cradock-Watson, Esq.;
J. T.
E. E. Dodd, Esq. Miss Ewart K. Forbes, Esq.
Hardeman, Esq. The Rev, Canon Linton Smith A.
Anthony
C.
Miss Beaumont
M. G. Broom, Esq.
A.
Pallis, Esq.
gate
W.
A. V. Paton, Esq.
W. R. Prideaux,
Esq.
Professor
M. T. Smiley, Esq.
Miss
Smith.
Hon.
Miss F. C. Beaumont
vice)
Secretaries
{pro
51 were full
members
of the Branch, of
of the Association.
February 29th.
" War
and the
Classics,"
by
Conway, Litt.D.
March llth. " Translation," by Professor
ser-
tern.).
whom
Post-
J. P.
During the
Professor R. S.
J.
P.
Postgate,
Litt.D., F.B.A.
October
6th.
" Certain
Aspects
of
Roman Humour," by
8th.
" The
Perversity of Tacitus,"
by
Professor
E. V. Arnold, Litt.D.
Lieut. -Colonel
Hugh
New
Zealand
255
We
The Branch
is
indebted to Professor
J. P.
Secretary
Mr. E. p. Barker
Treasurer and Chairman of Committee
Dr. F.
Granger
S.
Committee
C. Houston
Mr. H.
Mr. L. R. Strangeways
Miss E.
Facon
T.
;
Mr. H. M. Leman
and the
;
Treasurer.
January
March
list.
at meetings of the
Barker.
November 22nd.
Strangeways.
Branch
" Alexander
as a General,"
by Mr. E.
P.
by Mr. L. R.
APPENDIX
256
LONDON BRANCH
President
Principal R. M. Burrows
Rt.
Miss
Committee
Miss
J. E.
Nelson
C.
A. J.
Taylor
E. H. Stewart Walde.
Secretary
J.
M. 0. B. Caspari R. S. Meiklejohn C. G.
W. E. P. Pantin W. G. Rushbrooke Miss
Miss M. E. J.
Skeel; Miss E. Strudwick
Case
M. Macgregor, Bedford
Treasurer
N.W.
Town, N.W.
audience some of the fruits of his learned research into the early
history of educational foundations at Alcala, Louvain, and
Oxford.
members
whom
77 are
BRISTOL BRANCH
257
BRISTOL BRANCH
fit
President
Professor
J. F.
Dobson, M.A.
Vice-Presidents
J. E.
C.
.'
Norwood,
Esq., M.A.,
D.LlTT.
Hon. Secretary
Miss D. Watson,
Hughenden Road,
7,
Committee
Clifton.
W. J.
W. A.
The Rev.
Collins, M.A.
tlie
by
Sir
and Professor
March
by Mr. E.
Nottingham.
Historic Socrates,"
by Mr.
C. F. Taylor,
'
Head Master
December
of Bristol
8th.
"The
Grammar
School.
Frontier Defences of
by Mr.
The number
33
of
members
is 37.
Roman
Britain"
D. Chambers, M.A..
(Joint Meeting with the
C.
APPENDIX
258
Hon. Treasurer
The Rev.
H. How, M.A.,
J.
20,
Hon. Secretary
Basil Anderton, M.A., Public Library, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Committee
J. P.
Widdows, M.A.
The number
of
March Uh.
Miss
June 2nd.
The
Effects of the
War on
W.
the Relative
in Relation to
Modern Drama."
259
Hon. Treasurer
Miss E. M. Barke, M.A.
Hon.
Miss Pearson, M.A.
Secretaries
Mr.
J.
G. T. Price, B.A.
Committee
Dobson,
of Bristol University.
J.
E.
APPENDIX
260
Chairman
of the Executive
Committee
Hon. Treasurer
7,
Leeds
Hon.
Secretaries
Miss C.
Eon. Secretary
for
261
J.
Secretaries.
January
1917
February
8tk,
ruary 1916
Tuesday,
1916.
At
the
University,
Leeds.
Civilisa-
On
the
field.
has
made
members has
till
increased
members, 112
March.
many
Notwithstanding
full
of these
a substantial grant.
losses
considerably.
associate
The
members, 53
figures
now
total, 165.
are
APPENDIX
262
BOMBAY BRANCH
Patron
Lord Bishop op
Bombay
Vice-Presidents
The Hon.
Hon. Secretary
Mrs. R. M. Gray,
13,
Hon. Treasurer
Mr.
S. T.
Sheppard, Times
of India,
Bombay.
Committee
SOUTH WALES
263
Chief Justice of
New
South Wales
Vice-Presidents
Sir
LL.D., D.C.L.
Hon. Treasurer:
Professor W.
J.
Woodhouse, M.A.
Hon. Secretary
C.
Council
G. Childe, Esq.
Esq., M.A.
LIN,
M.A.
B.A.
I.
J.
J.
C. J.
A. FitzHerbert, Esq.
F.
A.
for 1916,
having decided
to
APPENDIX
204
THE
CLASSICAL
ASSOCIATION
OF
SOUTH
AUSTRALIA
Patron
The Hon.
G. J. R.
Australia,
Murray,
and Chancellor
President
Hon. Treasurer
Mr.
J. F.
Ward, M.A.
Hon. Secretary
H. Darnley Naylor.
" Greek Medicine," by Miss Hiibbe.
" Greek Religion," by Miss Reimann.
" Athenian Private Law," by Mr. A. J. Hannan.
" The Value of Classics and the Teaching of Classics in School,"
fessor
by Mr. W. R. Bayly.
" The Report of the Joint Committee on Grammatical Terminology," by Mr. D. H. Hollidge.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
265
And
New
Testa-
The Hon.
Sir
Council
The Rev.
M.D., B.S.
A. T. Strong, M.A.,
Uon.
Miss
S. J.
H. Thompson.
H. W. Allen, M.A.
Hon. Treasurer
84
J.
Secretaries
Williams, M.A.
W.
F. Ingram, M.A.
APPENDIX
266
Inaugural
Dr
A Lodewyckx
Mr.
I.
N. Raamsdonk
"An
T. G. Tucker;
by
Professor
R. P. Franklin.
" England
v.
by Mr. H. W. Allen
dides,"
Stawell.
A new
departure
is
is
and items
monthly news-
of classical interest,
circle for
These
will
&
of the Association.
PA
Classical Association
Proceedings
11
C6
v.U
PLEASE
CARDS OR
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SLIPS
UNIVERSITY
FROM
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