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TOTAL POWER PRODUCTION IN PAKISTAN

HYDEL
THERMAL
IPP
NUCLEAR
OTHER
TOTAL

6462MW
4750MW
5706MW
300MW
25MW
17243MW

COST: Local cost Rs. 12,945.216 millions Foreign Exchange cost Rs.
8,136.786 millions. Total cost Rs. 21,082.002 millions.
LOCUS: Chashma power plant is located in Punjab, Pakistan. It is
situated in Mianwali district near kundian at left bank of river Indus,
near koh-I-Suleiman mountain range.
GENERATION: This is a hydel power plant. It was erected by
dongfeng Co. contractors Japan. It has the capacity of 184MW
energy production. There are eight (8) units each of them have the
capability of 23MW energy production.
UNITs: As I already have described that there are eight units. Each
unit has a generator, turbine, transformer, excitatition system and
an auxiliary system.

TURBINE: The turbine installed over here is Kaplan.

Kaplan turbine works with the parallel flow of water. Further detail
is given below in table.
TYPE
HK-1RT
NET HEAD RANGE O/P
3m-13.8m
NOMINAL DISCHARGE
280m3/s
RUN WAY SPEED
300 rev/mint
Sr.NO
K1X6903H10
MANUFACTURED
1996
GENERATOR: The generator installed over here is synchronous
generator. Its premover is turbine which operates by passage of
water. Further detail is given in following table.
TYPE
GDH7146T-35 INSULATION
F- class
FREQUNCY
50Hz
POWER
0.9
FACTOR
MAX.TEMP
120
MAX.ROTOR
11000V
TEMP
RATED POWER 2600KV
RATING
CONTINUOUS

CURRENT
CONNECTION
POLES
STANDARD

1365A
Y
70
IEC34-1(1983)

EXC.VOLTAGE
EXC.CURRENT
SPEED
Sr.NO

275V
688A
85.7 r/min
K1X6903IL1

Turbine and generator are fitted on same shaft. It is kept in mind


that generator should not rotate in counter clockwise rotation.
There are air pressured breaks which operates when this happens.
All bearings are constantly lubricated to get rid of heating up the
shaft and winding. The generator erected over here is a brushless
synchronous generator. There is self excitation system. In generator
protection or I should say to run it according to the system there
are two things to remember.
1st generator speed or frequency, 2nd generator voltage.
GOVERNOR: Speed is governed by governor. Governor is an
electronic system which senses the water flow and speed and
enables the generator to run accordingly to match system
frequency.
AVR: Voltage is controlled by AVR (automatic voltage regulator).
AVR stabilize the voltage with the help of CTs (current transformers)
& PTs (potential transformers).
EXCITER SYSTEM: To provide the generator constantly a field this
system comes and plays its role. Voltage is tapped of from the input
of main transformer & is brought to exciter transformer which
converts 11KV to 400V. This 400 pass through AVR, resistor panel
and then rectifier. It becomes 100V DC. This 100V DC is fed to
stator. Then on rotor there is 3-phase which produces 3-phase AC.

There is further rectifier on rotor shaft which rectify the 3-phase


and produce DC. This DC passes through main field which is
rotating. It is cut by stator and stator is energized with 3-phase AC.
Here is given exciter system diagram.

EXCITER TRANSFORMER:
Voltage is taped of & brought to exciter transformer which steps
down 11KV to 400V. Further this is passed through resistors and it is
rectified. The detailed information is given below in a table.
TYPE
IEC-726-1982
COOLING
AN
PHASE
3
FREQUENCY
50Hz
RATED POWER 40KVA
INSULATION
130
TEMP
MAX.TEMP RISE 70K
MASS
550Kg
MFG
1996-7
Sr.NO
A171X69031T60I
RATED VOLTAGE
RATED CURRENT
HV
LV
HV
LV

11000V
430V
210A
53.7A
TRANSFORMER: This is a main transformer; it is a step up
transformer generally. It step ups the voltage from 11KV to 132KV.
Further details are given below.
HV
LV
RATED VOLTAGE
140.2
11KV
RATED POWER
27.5MVA
27.5MVA
RATED CURRENT
113.2A
1443.4A
HIGHEST
VOLTAGE
FOR
145KV
17.5KV
EQUIPMENT
LINE
650/275 KV 95/38 KV
INSULATION LEVELS
NEUTRAL 650/275 KV 0V
FREQUENCY 50HZ
CONNECTION SYMBOL

TYPE
YNdII

INDOOR

WINDING
55K
TOP OIL
50K
TEMP
HV/LV
11.2
TYPE
THE
IMPEDENCE
VOLTAGE
AT 27 MVA
REFEENCE POWER
At the input of transformer, there is a busbar attached to it.
Voltage goes from here to exciter transformer and auxiliary
transformer.
PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMER: Transformer gets hot while
running, to keep it cool there is cooling system consist of oil. There
are two coolers with each transformer, which cool the oil circulating

in the transformer. To give extra space to oil there is a conservator


tank. In the way toward conservator tank there is a bushels relay.
Bucholz relay operates when oil heats up and become steam like.
This steam rapidly rushes toward conservator tank. This steam
operates the bucholz relay. Further, bucholz relay turn off the
transformer and it also turn on the water sprinkle ring. There are
dials attached to transformer which tell us the temperature of each
coil and of oil.

SEQUENCE MONITORING: To start a unit & to join system a


specific sequence is followed which is given below. Each step is
numbered according to its turn.
Cooling water pumps on.
Lubrication oil pumps on.
High oil pressure establishes.
Draft tube gate opens.
Lubrication flow establishes.
Brakes are released.
Wicket gates are opened.
Speed should greater than 90%.
Field circuit brakes closed.
Shaft seal water flow establishes.
Generator cooling fan opens.
Dehumidify off.

READINGS OF UCC (unit control cubicle) AT A


RANDOM DAY
GENERATOR CONTROL PANEL
PHASE
1150A
CURRENT
REACTIVE
9MW
POWER
FREQUENCY
50Hz
EXCITER
1.5V
BALANCE
132KV BUSBAR VOLTAGE
TURBINE CONTROL PANEL:
WICKET GATE
70%
RUNNING
81%
BLADE
POSITION
DRAFT TUBE
100%

ACTIVE POWER 22MW


POWER
FACTOR
EXC.VOLTAGE
EXC.CURRENT

0.9
100V
30A

130KV

SPEED
WICKET GATE
OPPENING
LIMITER

TRACK RACK
HEAD LOSS

86 rpm
80%

42%

PIPES USED FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES


There is a vast piping system. These are of different colors.
YELLOW COLOUR PIPE: These pipes contain oil. This oil is
circulated by governor system to whole unit i.e. to
transformer and generator.

SILVER COLOUR PIPE: These pipes contain air.


GREEN COLOUR PIPE: These pipes contain water which is
used for cooling of heated oil.
RED COLOUR PIPES: These pipes are for firefighting purpose.
They contain CO2 contained water.
DIFFERENT SOCKETS USED IN POWER STATION
Sockets are of different colors. They are blue and red. Red
colored socket is used for supplying 220 V and 16 Amp. Blue
color socket are heavy duty sockets used for supplying 440 V
and 32 Amps.
DRAINAGE PUMPS:
There are total 4 pumps installed on the four corners of
power station. These pumps are used to drain out the water
leaked at the basement by generators.

ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations
SOP
UCC
MCR
PTW
SP Tag
DTG

Meanings
Standing Operating Procedure
Unit Control Cubical
Main Control Room
Permit To Work
Self Protection Tag
Draft Tube Gate

OTO
O&M
DTD Valve
TUD Valve
FC Valve
DCS
CPS
HVAC
LSB
RSB
GIS
AC
DG Set
KWH
ITRE
EME
P&IE
MME
TO
CPS
KV
S/D

Order To Operate
Operational Maintenance
Draft Tube Dewatering Valve
Turbine Dewatering Valve
Flow control Valve
Digital Control System
Constant Pressure System
Heating Ventilation & Air
Conditioning System
Left Service Block
Right Service Block
Gas Insulated Switch Gear
Alternating Current
Diesel Generator Set
Kilo Watt Hour
Inspection Test & Record
Engineer
Electrical Maintenance
Engineer
Protection Instrumentation
Engineer
Mechanical Maintenance
Engineer
Turbine Operator
Chashma Power Station
Kilo Volt
Shut Down Relay

MAINTENANCE
Mechanical:

Daily Routine Checking Check Sheet


Weekly Routine Checking Check Sheet
Monthly Maintenance Check Sheet
Annual Maintenance Check Sheet

Electrical:
Daily Routine Checking Check Sheet
Monthly Maintenance Check Sheet
Annual Maintenance Check Sheet

P&I:
Daily Routine Checking Check Sheet
Monthly Maintenance Check Sheet
Annual Maintenance Check Sheet

SURGE RESTER:
Surge rester plays the most important role for the protection of the
transformer. It is present between the outputs of the step up transformer.
When the voltage is increased with the specific value then the serge rester
becomes short to protect the any damage of the transformer. When serge
rester is short then its further connection will be ground so from this we
protect the transformer.

MAIN SWITCH YARD:


The energy generated from Power House is connected through four
outgoing 132 KV circuit with National Grid. The energy produced is sent to
D.I Khan, Chashma Left Bank and Wanbuchran Grid Stations.

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