Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

* 5 2 7 5 5 5 8 7 8 9 *

0610/22

BIOLOGY

October/November 2014

Paper 2 Core

1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.
Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages.

DC (NH/SW) 79848/5
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1

Fig. 1.1 shows five invertebrates that can harm humans.

A

head enlarged
C

not drawn to scale

Fig. 1.1
Use the key to identify the invertebrates shown in Fig. 1.1.
Write the letter for each organism in the key.

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Key
description
1

name of organism

(a) body divided into visible segments

go to 3

(b) body not divided into visible segments

go to 2

(a) four pairs of legs present

Amblyomma americanum

(b) three pairs of legs present

Pthirus pubis

(a) bristles present on body

Aedes aegypti

(b) no bristles present on body

go to 4

(a) hooks on head

Taenia solium

(b) no hooks on head

Hirudo medicinalis

letter

[4]
[Total: 4]

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2

(a) Fig. 2.1 shows the relationship between body height and body mass in humans.
People can be placed into categories according to this relationship, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
130
120
110
obese

100
90
mass of person / kg

80
overweight

70

correct
weight

60
50

underweight

40
30
1.4

1.5

1.6
1.7
height of person / m

1.8

Fig. 2.1
(i)

Table 2.1 gives the height and mass of four students.

Use the information in Fig. 2.1 to complete the last column in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
student

height / m

mass / kg

1.5

73

1.7

65

1.8

55

1.8

85

category

[2]
(ii) Suggest two ways in which Fig. 2.1 could be improved to make it apply to everyone.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
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(b) An obese student wishes to lose weight.
(i)

Name two classes of food that need to be reduced in the diet of an obese person to help
lose weight.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
2 .....................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii)

People who are trying to lose weight are also advised to take more exercise. Explain how
this would help them lose weight.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(iii)

People who are obese are more likely to develop certain diseases than people who are
the correct weight.
Name a disease that is linked to obesity.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) A balanced diet includes food that provides fibre (roughage).

Name a food that is a good source of fibre and explain why it is important to include fibre in
the diet.
source .......................................................................................................................................
importance ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total: 14]

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3

(a) Fig. 3.1 shows the female reproductive system.

L
M
N

Fig. 3.1
State the names of the structures labelled L, M and N and give a function for each structure.
Write your answers in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1
letter

name of structure

function of structure

[6]

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(b) Inheritance of sex in humans is controlled by two chromosomes which are given the symbols
X and Y.
Fig. 3.2 is a flow diagram showing how two parents can produce a female baby.
female
parent

male
parent

egg

sperm

zygote

female baby

Fig. 3.2
Complete Fig. 3.2 by:

writing in each circle on Fig. 3.2, the symbols for the sex chromosomes that are
present

writing in each box on Fig. 3.2, the name of the type of cell division that occurs.
[6]
[Total: 12]

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4

(a) Fig. 4.1 shows a section through an insect-pollinated flower.

The structures in the flower are labelled by letters.

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H

Fig. 4.1
Table 4.1 describes the functions of four of the flower parts.
Complete Table 4.1 by writing the letter that identifies the flower part that carries out each
function.
Table 4.1
function of flower part

letter

forms the seed

produces pollen
protects the flower bud
receives the pollen
[4]

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(b) Insect-pollinated flowers and wind-pollinated flowers are different in structure.
Complete Table 4.2 by:

stating how the stamens and pollen of wind-pollinated flowers are different from
those of insect-pollinated flowers

giving a reason for each of the differences.

An example for the petal has been completed for you.

Table 4.2
flower part

difference

reason for the difference

petal

wind-pollinated flowers have small

petals that are not brightly coloured

wind-pollinated flowers do not need to

attract insects

stamen

pollen

[4]
[Total: 8]

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5

Fig. 5.1 shows the water cycle.

Letters have been used to represent different processes that take place in the cycle.

cloud

water
vapour water
vapour

Q
water
vapour

P
plants

animals
N

sea / river
liquid water

r
wate
d
i
u
q
li
ff
run o

land

Fig. 5.1
Identify the different processes represented by letters L, M, N, P, Q and R and name them in
Table 5.1.
Table 5.1
letter representing
the process

name of process in the water cycle

L
M
N
P
Q
R
[6]
[Total: 6]

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6

(a) The list states some of the roles of organisms in a food chain.
carnivore
producer

decomposer

herbivore

secondary consumer

primary consumer
tertiary consumer

In each box on Fig. 6.1, use two terms from the list to describe the roles of the organisms in
food chain A and food chain B.
Each term may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

producer

1 ............................................

1 ............................................

...............................................

...............................................

2 ............................................

2 ............................................

...............................................

...............................................

food chain
A
corn

llama

human

1 ............................................
...............................................
2 ............................................
producer

...............................................

food chain
B
corn

human

Fig. 6.1
[6]
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(b) Define the term trophic level.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) A student described a food chain found in his garden.

One bush has hundreds of aphids on it.

The aphids suck liquid from the phloem of the bush to get their food.
The aphids are eaten by large beetles.
All the beetles have many parasites on their bodies.
The parasites suck liquids from the bodies of the beetles for their food.

Fig. 6.2 shows part of the pyramid of numbers for this food chain.
Complete Fig. 6.2 by:

sketching in the two missing boxes

labelling the four boxes with the names of the organisms.

Fig. 6.2
[2]
[Total: 10]

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7

Humans carry out aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

(a) Compare the two types of respiration by completing Table 7.1.
Place a tick () to show which statements are correct for each type of respiration in humans.
Table 7.1
aerobic
respiration

statement

anaerobic
respiration

produces lactic acid

releases carbon dioxide
uses glucose
uses oxygen
[4]
(b) Athletes compete in races of different distances.
Fig. 7.1 shows the percentage of energy released by aerobic and anaerobic respiration during
these races.
100

80

60

anaerobic
respiration

energy
released
/%

aerobic
respiration
40

20

100

800

10 000
1500
distance of race / m
Fig. 7.1

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Use Fig. 7.1 to:
(i)

state the percentage of energy that is provided by anaerobic respiration in a 100m race
..................................... % [1]

(ii)

state the length of race in which 96% of the energy is provided by aerobic respiration
......................................m [1]

(iii)

state the length of race where the total energy released by each type of respiration is
equal.
......................................m [1]

(c) State two conclusions that can be made from the data shown in Fig. 7.1.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 9]

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8

Fig. 8.1 shows a section through a leaf. The leaf is adapted to carry out photosynthesis in the
plant.
cuticle
chloroplast
palisade
mesophyll cell
spongy
mesophyll
cell
cuticle
stoma
Fig. 8.1
(a) (i)

Give the word equation for photosynthesis.

...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii)

State the function of the chloroplasts in photosynthesis.

...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(iii)

Describe how the chloroplasts are distributed in the mesophyll layers of the leaf and
explain how this distribution is important for efficient photosynthesis.
description .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
explanation .........................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(b) (i)

Explain the role of stomata in the process of photosynthesis.

...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii)

Explain the function of the cuticle in a leaf.

...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) To grow, a plant needs a supply of nitrate ions.

Explain the reason for this.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 12]

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9

Fig. 9.1 shows processes that are carried out by organs in the human body.
Draw one line from each process to the organ where the process takes place.
You will need to draw five lines.
process

organ

breaks down
alcohol
kidney
destroys
hormones
liver
eliminates
excess water
lung
excretes
carbon dioxide

forms urea

[5]
Fig. 9.1
[Total: 5]

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