Smart Version 1-All

2
Table of Contents READING EDGE SMART 1

UNIT
1. Teens Life
(7~21)
2. Science & Technology

(23~37)
3. History & Culture

(39~53)
4. Art & Festival

(55~69)
5. Mythology & Origin

(71~85)
READING
TIP
1. Multicultural Evening -8
1. Melting Pot or Salad Bowl?
2. Online Profile -10
2. Internet Begging
3. The Advice Column -12
3. Sisters and Rivals
4. Teens Future Jobs -14
4. Gone with Technology
5. Fighting the Five-finger

Discount -16
5. (longer passage)
1. Blood Type Theory -24
1. Essence of Life
2. Artificial Limbs -26
2. Another Style of Olympics
3. The Leafy Sea Dragon -28
3. Mimic a Lizard
4. Ergonomic Chairs -30
4. Stand up!
5. Space Kimchi -32
5. (longer passage)
1. Fireworks -40
1. Dance to Chase
Away Evil Spirits
2. Namdaemun -42
2. Angkor Wat
3. Mosuo: The Last

Matriarchal Society -44
3. The Land of
Female Warriors
4. Afternoon Tea -46
4. Tea Party on a Ship?
5. Unbelievable Ancient
Surgeons -48
5. (longer passage)
1. Prom Party -56
1. J-U-M-P!
2. The Batik Style of

Cloth Dyeing -58
2. What Colors Can

Say About You
3. Edgar Degas
Paintings -60
3. The Art of Capturing

the Moment
4. In Memory of
Rostropovich -62
4. Left Behind
5. Sapporo Snow Festival -64
5. (longer passage)
1. The Origin of
Bungee Jumping -72
1. X-tremely Dangerous?
2. Bite the Bullet -74
2. Other Phrases of Military Origin
3. The Crystal Skull -76
3. OOPArt (Out-of-place artifact)
4. Plastic Surgery -78
4. The History of Cosmetics
5. Psyche and Her Love -80
5. (longer passage)
SPEED READING
Identifying Subjects
& Verbs -20
Kinds of Verbs -36
Relative Clauses -52
Participles -68
Transition Words -84
RT
A
M
S
E
G
D
E
G
IN
D
A
E
R
Were
Every student knows studying English requires a lot of patience. Even
worse, some English books are difficult and boring. Fortunately, there is
a way you can change your perspective on learning English. Now you
can develop your reading skills in an enjoyable way.
The Reading EDGE Smart series will help you to improve your reading
skills. You can learn how to read with a purpose.
Each level of this series comes with one text book, one guide book and
one audio component. Each book is organized into 5 units consisting of
vocabulary and related questions. One of the key features of this series is
that it integrates many skills: reading, vocabulary building, listening and
writing.
Introduction
This series also deals with a variety of unique and interesting topics,
and the readings are graded to the appropriate length and depth
depending on the English proficiency level of the student.
After reading, students will be challenged to guess the meaning of words
used in the passage, summarize the passage, and solve various types of
questions.
Students can listen to the entire script by MP3 or use the attached CD.
Students will broaden their English ability from reading to listening,
speaking and writing. This integrated approach will enable students to
dramatically improve their English.
Were Reading EDGE Smart Features
Unit
Reading skill
READING EDGE SMART 1~2
Topic based
Korean SAT test based
In-depth reading skill based
Speed Reading
Impact Reading
Power Reading
Essential skills
for reading
Essential skills for preparing

for the Korean SAT test
Essential skills
for In-depth reading
Reading
Passages
The Reading EDGE Smart series covers a wide variety of topics ranging from teen life to
social issues. This series also covers academic and contemporary topics, which will
motivate students to study English. The real life topics will provide students with
knowledge and an enjoyable reading experience. In addition, passages related to social
issues will give them more insight into everyday life and help foster logical thinking skills.
This series has longer passages, consisting of over 300 words, which will help students
get used to reading longer passages clearly and confidently.
Words
Students are encouraged to read the definitions in English,

which provides them greater exposure to English vocabulary.
After reading the definitions in English, they are asked to
translate them into Korean. This process will motivate students
to think in English first, then guess the matching Korean word.
Question
Types
After reading each passage, students are advised to answer

questions related to the passage. These questions are meant to
help students promote their English comprehension skills. In
addition, they are designed for students who are preparing for
various types of tests including school tests, college entrance
exams and internationally recognized tests such as TOEFL. The
question styles used in the Reading EDGE Smart series include
multiple choice, fill in the blank and summary completion. The
activities in the Reading EDGE Smart will ensure greater
reading fluency and exam success. Completing the summary
will contribute to improving students writing skills by enhancing
their ability to think in English.
Reading
Structure Vol.1
Tips
This section provides additional

information related to the passages in
order to encourage further thought on
the topics.
Review
This section gives students a chance

to practice words and idiomatic
expressions learned in each unit using
various approaches.
Skills Section
The Reading EDGE Smart Series takes three different approaches to developing and
improving reading skills: Speed Reading, Impact Reading, and Power Reading. These
sections will help students grasp the essential skills required to improve their reading ability.
Guide
Book
The Reading EDGE Smart Guide Book consists of Korean translations, idiomatic
expressions, structure review, grammar tips and answer keys.
Growing up is learning how to deal with difficulties and the benefits are great.
Unit
Teens Life
Reading 1 Multicultural Evening
Reading 2 Online Profile
Reading 3 The Advice Column
Reading 4 Teens Future Jobs
Reading 5 Fighting the Five-finger Discount
READING
EDGE
Read the following and answer the questions.
Join us for a Multicultural Evening

When: Saturday, June 5, from 7 p.m. - 9:30 p.m.
Where: Unity High School, Burnaby
The Multicultural Society of Unity High School

(a) will be hosting a dinner party to encourage
multiculturalism within our community. This
event will give all who (b) attend an opportunity
to get to know more about different cultures.
There will be a variety of food from all over the
world. If youre curious to know what hummus,
kimchi, churros, or pakoras (c) taste like, dont
miss this event! There will be a number of events
during the evening, including traditional dances.
Photo by Amanda
Even more importantly, this evening provides an
opportunity to get to know various cultures and make some good friends.
In addition, learning more about different cultures (d) help fight ignorance, racism and
stereotypes. (e) By celebrating different cultures, we can view cultural differences as
positive rather than problematic. For more information about this or other
Multicultural Society events, please visit our website: multiculturaleventalert.com.
Note: If you would like to lend a helping hand, please call the President of the Multicultural
Society, Nora Blumefield at 555-1338. Please let her know which committee you
would like to join: entertainment, catering or decorating.
Words
Read the following and translate them into Korean.
multicultural: involving people or ideas from different cultures

opportunity: a situation in which you can do something
racism: unfair treatment of people because they belong to a different race

stereotype: an idea of what a particular type of person is like
positive: being good or useful
problematic: difficult to deal with
UNIT 1
Teens Life
1. Who is this advertisement for?

Students who are members of the Food Society
Students who are interested in diverse cultures
Students who want to participate in the dance contest
Students who are leaving the community soon
Students who are in favor of racism and stereotypes
2. Which is NOT grammatically correct? Choose one from (a) to (e).

(d) (help fight helps fight)
3. Write T if the statement is true. Write F if it is false.

This event is for students who want to attend the Unity High
School.
The Multicultural Society is looking for some volunteers.
This event shows that different cultures can co-exist harmoniously.
TIP
Melting Pot or Salad Bowl?
Melting pot is a term used to describe a multicultural society. In a melting pot,

ingredients are combined to make a great soup. America is known as a melting pot
society because of the way various races and cultures tend to blend together. The
salad bowl concept is similar, but each ingredient (in this case, race or culture)
maintains its own identity, so races and cultures are mixed but not merged.
READING
EDGE
Have you heard of Cyworld, Myspace or Facebook? These sites all allow people
(a) to create an online profile. Today most teens are making online profiles about
themselves. They create online profiles for many reasons: friendship, dating and
networking. You can make your page as simple or as complex as you like. So how
can teenagers who want to create (b) an online profile gets started?
The first step is to decide which site is best for you. Once you have chosen your site,
you can begin to add a little information about yourself. You can even upload photos
and games. But be careful. (c) Maintaining a webpage can be more work than you
think. It can even be addictive! People need to take care not to spend an
unreasonable amount of time or money (d) while creating their page.
Also, when creating an online profile, you
have to keep in mind that anyone can
access the Internet. Its important to be
safe, so dont reveal too many details
about your identity or post public photos.
Strangers can use your personal details or
photos for fraudulent purposes. They can
even repost your pictures on other
websites! So make sure (e) your profile is
set to private, not public.
Words
complex: detailed, not simple
upload: to transfer data from your computer to a server or host computer

addictive: habit-forming
access: permission to look at information

detail: a small part of a larger structure
fraudulent: dishonest or deceitful
()
repost: to post or send a message or image again
10
()
( )
UNIT 1
Teens Life
1. What is this passage mainly about?

The increasing popularity of online profiles
How to make personal webpages safer
Reasons why people create their own webpage
How to make and maintain an online profile
What kind of information people share on the web
Speed Reading

(b) (gets started get started)
3. What should computer users remember when creating an online

profile? Write the appropriate expressions in the blanks.
TIP
They should try not to give detailed information about their

public
identity
freely or post
photos.
Internet Begging
In 2002, Karyn Bosnak, a young woman who was in credit card debt started
www.SaveKaryn.com and asked help from internet users. Up until 2000, she made
a fairly good income and enjoyed shopping in New York. However, once she lost
her job, her debt grew to $20,000. Luckily for her, her site gained great popularity
and she was eventually able to pay off her debt.
11
READING
EDGE
Dear Annie,
Last weekend my parents told me that we will be moving to New York next
month. My Dad got promoted, but in order to accept the position, we have to
relocate. This is completely (a) out of the blue and Im terrified! I just started
high school, which was traumatic enough, even though I already knew
everyone. I dont want to have to go through the same experience again with
strangers! Dont get me wrong. Im really happy for my Dad. I know that the
move will be a good opportunity for our family. But... Im from a really small
town in Ohio and I dont keep up with current fashion trends or reality TV. I
dont even know what music is cool. How will I ever adjust to such a huge,
fashion-conscious city? Please give me some tips to help me fit in!
Nervous in North Star
Dear Nervous,
Moving is a big change at any time, so your distress is understandable. Luckily,
there are a few things you can do to make the transition easier. First of all, see if
any of your Dads co-workers have kids your age. You can contact them and
become pen pals until your move. That way, when you arrive, youll already
have some new friends. Also, why not do some Internet research to find out
more about New York? That way, youll know a little more about your new city
as well as what the cool trends are there. But dont feel like you have to change
be yourself
who you are completely. The most important thing is to (b)
,
and keep your head up even if you feel shy or out of place. Confidence is very
important and will attract friends like a magnet. Be sure to write back and let
me know how it goes!
Annie
Words
promote: to give someone a better position

traumatic: emotionally upsetting
trend: most recent popular style

current: present time, most recent, now
fashion-conscious: keeping up with current fashion trends
distress: physical or mental suffering
12
transition: period of change
confidence: belief in oneself
UNIT 1
Teens Life
1. Which is the most appropriate for the blank (b)?

join extracurricular clubs
get a helping hand
keep up with the recent trends
be yourself
keep in touch with me
2. Which can replace the expression for the underlined part (a)?
ridiculous
unfair
absurd
sudden
outrageous
3. Which can NOT be inferred from the passage?

Annie encourages the girl to be self-confident.
The girl has difficulty getting along with her classmates.
The girl is asking for some advice on adjusting to a new setting.
Annie advises the girl to get information on New York beforehand.
TIP
The girl worries she might be behind in recent trends in New York.
Sisters and Rivals
Dear Abby is an internationally known personal advice column. Its columnist,

Pauline Esther Friedman Philips, wrote the column from 1956 to 2002. The title,
Dear Abby, came from her pen name Abigail Van Buren. Interestingly, she had an
identical twin sister, who also wrote a world-famous personal advice column
under the name 'Ann Landers.'
13
READING
EDGE
What kind of jobs do teens want to have?
What makes teens choose a job?

Free and
creative
27%
18
16
Stable and
less-stressful
45%
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
teacher
doctor/
lawyer
computer
programmer
business
person
artist
Specialized and
professional
28%
What kind of jobs do Korean teenagers want to have and why? A recent survey
asked Korean teenagers about their top 5 career choices and the reasons for these
choices as shown in these graphs.
The most popular career was being a teacher, followed by doctor or lawyer,
computer programmer, business person and artist. (a) The criteria teenagers
considered most important for their future job were that it be Stable and less
stressful. (b) Specialized and professional and Free and creative were the
second and third most important factors. These results clearly show teenagers
preference for stable and secure jobs . (c) They seem to value jobs with private
satisfaction more than jobs with a better salary or a good reputation. Considering the
high unemployment rate nowadays, the survey results make a lot of sense.
(d) Teenagers also find entertainment quite an appealing path, which reflects
(reflect) the strong influence the media has on teenagers. (e) Interestingly, professions
such as doctor or lawyer
(be) not the top choice.
are
Words
criteria: standards to help us decide something

stable: firm, secure
value: to think that something is important

unemployment: the state of being out of work
appealing: attractive
profession: a job that one has
14
UNIT 1
Teens Life
1. Which is NOT true according to the graphs?

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2. Which is the most appropriate expression for the blank ?

stable and secure jobs
well-paying jobs
more free time
good reputation
professionals recommendation
3. What are the appropriate verb forms for blanks and ?
TIP
reflects
are
Gone with Technology
Sometimes technology creates new jobs, but other times it has the opposite effect.
Typist is one job that no longer exists as a result of technology. Up until the 1980s,
typewriters were used in many offices. Unlike computers, one could not correct
typographical errors in the typing process. This made using a typewriter difficult, so
professional typists were hired. Now, computers make writing a document so
simple that anyone can do it, eliminating the need for professional typists.
15
READING
EDGE
Recently local store owners and

entrepreneurs in Park Royal Mall have
formed a group of their own to fight teen
shoplifting. Theft has been an increasing
problem in the mall. The largest group of
offenders ranges from ages 11 - 17. Store
owners are not satisfied with the
traditional slap on the wrist punishments
teens usually receive for shoplifting. They
find it is not enough of a deterrent and
there are too many re-offenders.
Last week store owners met to come up with a better method of protection from
(a) five-finger discount seekers. They decided on a few different strategies. One idea
involves training store staff to spot shoplifting. In order to make staff more vigilant,
the mall will employ (b) secret shoplifters. These people will look like regular
teenagers, but will be paid to steal from unsuspecting stores. This way employees
can recognize and catch (c) shoplifters before its too late.
Merchants also decided to have a zero-tolerance policy for teens caught shoplifting.
The mall will keep an updated record of teens caught stealing in the mall. This list
will have names and photos of past (d) offenders. This way staff can recognize these
(e) sticky-fingered teens and ban them from the store. Shopkeepers hope that this
will help reduce shoplifting and keep the shelves stocked with products for those
willing to pay for them.
Words
Read the following definitions and find the words in the passage.
a person who starts their own business:
entrepreneur
a person who has committed a crime:
offender
something meant to discourage certain behavior:

a plan:
deterrent
strategy
watching carefully:
to give someone a job:
vigilant
employ
the degree to which someone can put up with something:

a supply of goods intended for sale to customers:
16
tolerance
stock
UNIT 1
Teens Life
1. Which is the most appropriate for each blank?

A
B
an increase in teen shoplifting, shop owners came up with a

punishment for shoplifters.
A
Due to
Despite
Owing to
In spite of
Due to
B
harsh
various
traditional
secret
traditional
2. Which does NOT refer to the same thing? Choose one from (a) to (e).
(b)
3. Complete the summary by filling in the blanks with the given

expressions.
vigilance
stealing
get away
employees
prevent
prevent
Store owners have had a hard time thinking of new ways to
vigilance
employees
theft. Store owners and
hope increased
stealing
will discourage teens from
. These new methods make it
get
away
much more difficult for teens to
with shoplifting.
17
REVIEW
UNIT 1. Teens Life
A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions.

positive
stable
entrepreneur
vigilant
vigilant
1. The night guards stayed

positive
2. If you maintain a
to catch the intruders.

attitude, its easier to accomplish your goals.
3. The building was renovated so that it would be

4. Bill Gates is a successful
5. New York is a
multicultural
stable
in an earthquake.
in the computer business.
entrepreneur
city, as its citizens are from many different
multicultural
places around the world.
B. Connect each expression in column A with the matching expression in column B.

A
1. trend
period
2. access
most
of change
popular style
3. transition
prohibit
4. ban
permission
to look at information
C. Complete the following with the appropriate expressions. Use the given words.
1. A spaceship is supposed to be well
2. Dont get nervous. Just
3. If you want to enjoy a
be yourself
variety of
stocked with
food for its astronauts. (stock)
. (be)
food, why dont you go to the buffet? (variety)
4. As long as you work hard on your project, you can have

in your accomplishments. (confident)
18
confidence
READING
EDGE
D. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions. Use the given words.
1. An
is a person who has committed a crime. (offend)
offender
2. Can nuclear weapons be an effective

3. Injured soldiers needed the highly
4. What are the
criteria
Unemployment
5.
against war? (deter)
deterrent
specialized
treatment of surgeons. (specialize)
for deciding who gets a scholarship? (criterion)
will continue to rise as long as major companies decide not to
offer jobs to college graduates. (employ)
E. Choose the best word to complete each sentence.

1. In a multicultural society, it is important to be
of different
customs and cultures.
accessible
confident
tolerant
satisfied
2. Teenagers often stay up playing computer games because they are highly
.
addictive
pricey
rewarding
3. Its important to have a good marketing
challenge
solution
importance
disappointment
dangerous
for your business.
lesson
4. Her daughters illness caused her extreme
strategy
experience
distress
19
SPEED READING
UNIT 1. Teens Life
Identifying Subjects and Verbs

The first step to understand the sentence correctly is to identify the subject and the
verb. In all sentences, there must be agreement between the subject and the verb.
Be aware of the following:
- if the subject is modified
- if the sentence begins with an adverbial clause or phrase
- if the sentence includes several dependent clauses
- if the gerund or to-infinitive is used as a subject
Read the following and identify the subject and the verb in each sentence.
When the subject is modified:
Those (who will travel to Africa) must check what vaccinations are required.
S
modifier
Several districts (in the Metropolitan area) were required to be rebuilt.

S
modifier
When an adverb clause or phrase is located before the main clause:

(Loathed by homeowners and restaurateurs), the cockroach is gaining some
adverb phrase
respect in the agricultural community.
When a gerund or to-infinitive is used as the subject :

Applying for visas takes a lot of time.
S
20
READING
EDGE
Mini Test
Read the following. Choose the appropriate verb form.

1. The assistant secretary of the company, who is the top negotiator on current issues,
( is, are ) going to fly to Germany next Friday.
2. Two Spanish men who spent more than 25 years on death row in India for alleged
spying ( was released, were released ) last week.
3. Barack Obama said that a photograph of the cliffs on the South Shore of Oahu where
his mothers ashes ( were, was ) scattered ( was, were ) what he valued most.
4. I think its a good decision to talk with your parents. Talking about a problem with
others ( means, mean ) youre ready to solve it.
5. The camera James bought at the store that deals with second-hand electronic
goods ( is, are ) still in good condition.
6. Adjusting the mirrors in your vehicle as well as your seat position ( is, are )
necessary before you drive.
21
The most incomprehensible thing about science is that it is comprehensible.

- Albert Einstein
Unit
Science & Technology

Reading 1 Blood Type Theory
Reading 2 Artificial Limbs
Reading 3 The Leafy Sea Dragon
Reading 4 Ergonomic Chairs
Reading 5 Space Kimchi
READING
EDGE
You may have heard talk about blood

type and how it affects our personality
and relationships. But can our blood type
really define who we are, how we act,
and our relationships with others?
Generally, type A is thought to be
sensible, creative and naive, while type B
is considered outgoing, friendly, and
selfish. Type AB is considered to be rational, level-headed, and indecisive. On the
other hand, type O is associated with being sociable, optimistic, and careless.
But is there any scientific proof? Studies were conducted on the concept of blood
type traits in the late 1920s. However, these studies were mainly politically
motivated and held little scientific backing. They were often used as proof of
racial superiority of certain groups by various countries, including Japan and
Germany. The Japanese tried to use the theory to breed better soldiers, but the
experiment was a failure.
Then, why is the theory still so popular? Just like astrology, the blood type
personality theory is interesting and fun, but also vague and misleading. If you
really want to find out about someones personality, the best way is to get to know
them by talking to them, rather than relying on superstition.
Words
Read the following definitions and translate them into Korean.
sensible: reasonable, not emotional
level-headed: calm and sensible in all situations

indecisive: having difficulty making a decision
trait: a characteristic someone or something has
motivated: being determined to do something
,
,
astrology: the study of the movements of the heavenly bodies and their influence on peoples lives
misleading: giving a wrong idea or impression
24
UNIT 2
1. What is the writers attitude towards the theory of blood type

and personality?
interesting and reliable
scientific but unrealistic
fun but not trustworthy
popular and reasonable
misleading but trustworthy
2. What does the writer suggest doing to find out more about
someone?
The writer suggests
talking to someone (them)

A type O person is thought to get along with others well.
The blood type theory was once used for political purposes.
The Japanese successfully bred better soldiers using the blood type
TIP
theory.
Essence of Life
In many cultures, blood is considered the essence of life. Since losing too much
blood causes death, this is a natural assumption. In the past, some thought they
could even revive dying people or become immortal by drinking blood. The legend
of vampires was born from this belief.
25
READING
EDGE
Can you believe that someone with an artificial leg can run 100 m in less than 17
seconds? This is no longer a dream. Thanks to research and scientific
advancements, artificial limbs, also called prosthetics, have become very
sophisticated. In the past, someone missing a leg would be confined to a wheelchair
for life, but not any more!
Artificial limbs used to be heavy and clunky, but times have changed. Prosthetics
now use space-age materials such as carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is what makes
prosthetics extremely strong and light. Prosthetic legs have had major
breakthroughs, such as the hydraulic knee. The hydraulic knee uses liquid to create
pressure to help the knee operate realistically. This knee absorbs impact and is
adjustable to give greater control to athletes. Prosthetic arms are equally advanced.
Some arms are so superior that they even have the sense of touch.
The technological advancements in
prosthetics give those living with
missing limbs comfort, independence,
and hope. Wearers no longer have to rely
on others for their daily needs. Plus, the
realistic look and performance of
artificial limbs mean the wearer no
longer sticks out in a crowd. You may be
standing beside someone with an
artificial limb at the bus stop and not
even notice!
Words
artificial: created by humans, not nature
sophisticated: advanced and complex
breakthrough: innovation, an important achievement

pressure: a force produced by something
impact: the force created by contact
adjustable: able to be altered to create a good fit

notice: to observe or see something
26
UNIT 2
1. Which is the most appropriate expression for each blank?

Prosthetics have given the
.
B
A
disabled
athletes
athletes
disabled
wearers
more freedom and
B
realistic looking limbs
better performance
realistic looking limbs
feelings
confinement
2. What are the positive qualities of carbon fiber?

It is not only
light (strong) but also strong (light)
3. Match the main idea with each paragraph.

Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
TIP
Paragraph 3
Artificial legs are less noticeable than

in the past.
Space-age technology has made prosthetics
more advanced.
People are achieving new goals with their
artificial limbs.
Another Style of Olympics
The Paralympic Games are a sporting event for athletes with disabilities. This
event takes place every four years, in the same year as the Olympic Games.
Athletes from six different disability groups compete in the Paralympics,
emphasizing what these athletes can achieve, rather than their disabilities.
27
READING
EDGE
What would you do if you had the ability to blend in with your surroundings? Would
you use this power for good, or for evil? Every day, sea creatures use this ability
simply to survive. Take the leafy sea dragon for example. This unusual creature is
found in Australia. It has leafy attachments all over its body which make it (a) look /
looks just like a piece of seaweed. It is able to completely blend in with the
surrounding marine life. Camouflage is essential to sea dragons since they are slow
swimmers. Many would-be predators overlook the leafy sea dragon, believing it is
just another piece of unappetizing seaweed.
Interestingly, camouflage is not the leafy sea dragons only unique quality. When it
comes to reproduction, sea dragons switch traditional roles. It is the male, not the
female, who becomes pregnant. The female deposits her eggs onto the males tail,
where he will carry them for four to six weeks. When they are born, the baby sea
dragons will be replicas of their parents, but much smaller, of course!
Recently, Australia has (b) passed / been
passed laws to protect the leafy sea dragon.
Unfortunately, the sea dragon is still sought
after by collectors because they believe it has
medicinal qualities. Therefore, its ability to
look similar to its surroundings is the sea
dragons best survival strategy. If you have
time, why not search the web for an image of
a leafy sea dragon? Could you tell it from a
piece of seaweed if you hadnt read this
article?
Words
would-be: potential
predator: an animal that survives by eating other animals

unappetizing: not delicious
reproduction: the act of having babies
deposit: to place something somewhere to keep it safe

medicinal: having qualities that help people stay healthy
28
UNIT 2
1. Which is the best headline for this article?

How Can This Vulnerable Sea Creature Survive?
The Uncovered Medicinal Qualities of Sea Dragons
Camouflage: the Only Unique Quality of Sea Dragons
How Can We Protect This Endangered Marine Species?
Lessons We Should Learn from This Smart Sea Animal
2. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined part?

Find the word in the passage.
camouflage
Speed Reading
3. Which are the appropriate forms of underlined parts (a) and

(b)? Choose the correct one.
TIP
(a)
look
(b)
passed
Mimic a Lizard
Camouflage is not only used by animals and insects to conceal themselves from
enemies. Humans use it for the same purpose. Camouflage has become standard
in most modern military uniforms. To blend into the surroundings, the colors used
in camouflage are usually green, brown, khaki, and/or sand. The pattern and
colors used in camouflage differ depending on the surroundings.
29
READING
EDGE
When you imagine a comfortable chair, what does

it look like? Big and cozy with a backrest,
armrests and lots of soft pillows? This may seem
like the most comfortable chair at first. But when
it comes to chairs, the level of comfort depends on
the activity youre performing while sitting down.
A big, soft, pillow-adorned chair is ideal for
reading books. However, its not the best chair for
office workers.
In fact, a popular chair among office workers
looks very uncomfortable at first glance. Its part
of the ergonomic family of chairs. What does
ergonomic mean? Its a word that refers to furniture that provides excellent support
for your body. With no backrest, this chair has a basic seat and a resting pad for your
to relieve
knees. This unique design is meant (a)
(relieve) back pain by
taking pressure off the back. It encourages the sitter to place most of their weight on
their knees instead. It also makes it easier to keep your back straight while sitting.
When choosing an ergonomic chair, there are many things to consider. You need to
choose the best chair for your body, so keep your height and weight in mind. The
seat should be made of a slightly padded material, as a softer surface is easier to sit
on for extended periods of time. People generally like leather or vinyl because it is
easy to clean, but these materials can often heat up causing discomfort. Many people
choose mesh or another breathable material instead. Lastly, make sure the chair fits
in your workspace. Although larger chairs seem more inviting, they are not always
the most practical choice.
So if you are someone who spends a lot of time in front of a desk writing, reading,
purchasing
or computing, why not consider (b)
(purchase) an ergonomic
chair? If you want to try before you buy, just stop by your local office supplier. Or,
for a better price, you can find some great deals online!
Words
armrest: sides of a chair where you can place your arms

adorned: embellished, decorated
relieve: to remove an unpleasant feeling
leather: material that is made of animal hide

breathable: allowing air to flow through easily
practical: useful, suited to its purpose
30
UNIT 2
1. What is the passage mainly about?

How to purchase cheaper furniture
For whom ergonomic chairs are designed
How to choose a suitable chair for office workers
Various furniture designs and the effects on our health
Why we should avoid big and soft chairs
2. According to the passage, what is NOT suggested when buying

an office chair?
Try an ergonomic chair.
Look for a chair with an excellent support for your body.
Choose a big, soft chair.
Consider what activity you will use the chair for.
Check out the great deals online.
Speed Reading
3. What are the appropriate verb forms for blanks (a) and (b)?
TIP
(a)
to relieve
(b)
purchasing
Stand Up!
Many people spend much of their day sitting at their desks. Lets say you spend 8
hours per day sitting in your office or at school. After that you spend more time
watching TV or web surfing. Sitting for too long can have many negative effects on
your body, including a stiff neck or back pain. To stay healthy while sitting,
remember to maintain a healthy posture. And dont forget to move around as
much as possible when you have the chance!
31
READING
EDGE
Imagine a picture of an astronaut eating vanilla icecream, fried rice or even kimchi. New varieties of
food items, such as instant noodles and kimchi, are
slowly making their way into space. It is good news
for astronauts, since theyll no longer have to miss
spicy food during their mission. Finally, after years
of research, South Korean scientists and food
companies created the first Korean recipes fit for
space travel. These new culinary additions
accompanied Koreas first astronaut into space in
Spring, 2008.
Kimchi, Koreas most popular side dish, was not a good candidate for space travel at
first. This is due to the high level of bacteria it contains. This friendly bacteria has
many health benefits here on Earth, but could become disastrous in space. Scientists
fear that the bacteria could mutate, causing illness to astronauts or damage to the
spacecraft. If the kimchi began to ferment out of control while in space, it could
explode out of its package. These kinds of risks cannot be taken. Therefore, all space
food, including kimchi, must be sterilized to deactivate the bacteria. Scientists are
now using radiation to kill bacteria, making it safer for space travel.
You may be wondering if this new variation has the same taste and health benefits
that traditional kimchi is known for. The answer is: Yes! Despite the radiation, space
kimchi retains almost all of the flavor of regular kimchi. It is still high in fiber as
well, which will help promote healthy digestion among astronauts. In addition, the
odor of the new kimchi has been dramatically reduced, making it more suited to an
enclosed space. Thanks to these new breakthroughs, eating kimchi in space will no
longer be a figment of the imagination!
Words
something having to do with food or cooking:
culinary
someone or something trying to accomplish a goal:

to change into a different thing:
to change chemically:
mutate
ferment
to cause something to become inactive:

closed on all sides:
enclosed
something that is made up or imaginary:
32
deactivate
figment
candidate
UNIT 2
1. Which is NOT mentioned as a feature of space kimchi?

Preserved nutritional value
Health benefits to astronauts
The same odor as regular kimchi
The same flavor as regular kimchi
Deactivated bacteria which cant reproduce
2. What could happen if the bacteria in kimchi mutated in space?

It could cause
illness
to astronauts or
damage to the spaceship

expressions.
thanks to
fermentation process
regular kimchi
health benefits
radiation
After years of research, kimchi has been approved for space travel. In addition
health benefits
to its many
, kimchi is a staple in any
Koreans diet. Now, Korean astronauts will be a little less homesick
thanks to
a new method of producing and packaging
radiation
kimchi for space travel. Space kimchi is treated with
fermentation process
to stop the
and its just as healthy and tasty
regular kimchi
as
.
33
REVIEW
UNIT 2. Science & Technology

affect
candidate
1. One effective way to
impact
relieve
predator
stress is to exercise regularly.
relieve
2. Unfortunately, problems at home were beginning to

3. She was surprised to be chosen as a
candidate
4. It is unclear what kind of long-term
impact
affect
his studies.
in the upcoming election.

this will have on the economy.
5. A porcupine will thrust its sharp spines into an attacking
predator

A
1. look similar to
remember
2. keep in mind
put
3. take a risk
be
4. blend in with
oneself in danger
difficult to pick out
resemble
C. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions.

1. I turned the boiler on, so the room should heat
2. Hes not such a bad person once you get to
3. My height usually makes me stick
4. Those who sought
after
know
soon. (= get warm)

him. (= become close with)
wherever I am. (= noticeable)
out
the treasure never found it. (= searched for)
5. Many foreign words have made their
34
up
way
into our language. (= entered)
READING
EDGE
D. Complete each sentence, using the words from the box. Change the form,
if necessary.
activate
1. Mike is
appetizing
indecisive
decisive
breakthrough
superior
. He even has a hard time choosing what to eat for lunch.
2. The company has shown
in bio-engineering.
superiority
3. They say its a famous local dish, but to me it looks very

4. The men arrived at the scene and worked quickly to
5. They made a significant
breakthrough
unappetizing
deactivate
the bomb.
in the Asian market.

1. Dave was so
sensitive
that no one could rival him.
naive
level-headed
2. The engineer explained that the
bionic
prosthetic
deposits
reproduces
explode
mutate
workspace
comfort
ergonomic
camouflages
destroys
, and you'll have a nice bottle of wine.
5. The fifth leg provides extra
hydraulic
them in mudflats near the sea.
4. Give the grape juice time to
relieved
pump uses water pressure.
3. The river carries nutrients and
ferment
melt
for the heavy marble surface.
pressure
support
35
SPEED READING
UNIT 2. Science & Technology
Kinds of Verbs
A verb tells you what the subject of the sentence is, has, does, or feels.
Brian is a doctor.
He treats the patients.
He loves his job because he can help people.
Kinds of Verb
An intransitive verb does not need a direct object to complete the action.
He swims.
S
A linking verb is used with a complement that explains the subject of the sentence.
He is generous with his patients. (He = generous)
S V
A transitive verb requires a direct object to complete its meaning in the sentence.
He helps people.
S
Verbs followed by certain types of objects

- verbs followed by gerunds: enjoy, keep, finish, quit, avoid, give up, mind, etc.
- verbs followed by to-infinitives: decide, promise, hope, learn, plan, want, need, etc.
- verbs followed by both gerunds and to-infinitives: like, love, hate, start, begin
- verbs followed by either gerunds or to-infinitives (in each case, the meaning of the
sentence is different.): remember, forget, try, stop, etc.
36
READING
EDGE
Mini Test
Which one best fits the blank?

1. I thought I was going too fast across the track. At that point I realized I needed to
get off the bike. I remembered
both wheels with the brakes.
lock
locking
to lock
2. When you finish looking around there, dont forget

your photos online!
As you know, I love photos of animals. If you send me photos of the polar bears,
I would appreciate it very much!
post
posting
to post
3. On my way to the airport, I stopped

good-bye to my friends. Since
my departure was quite sudden, they were surprised and gave me big hugs.
say
saying
to say
4. You can e-mail us using your own language, but remember

clearly using English letters and show your student number.
write
writing
your name
to write
5. City council decided to stop

and allocating bottled water in city-owned
buildings, hoping it would promote the use of water drinking fountains.
purchase
purchasing
to purchase
37
Only the unreasonable man persists in trying to adapt the world to himself.
Therefore, all progress depends on the unreasonable man.
- George Bernard Shaw
Unit
History & Culture

Reading 1 Fireworks
Reading 2 Namdaemun
Reading 3 Mosuo, the Last Matriarchal Society
Reading 4 Afternoon Tea
Reading 5 Unbelievable Ancient Surgeons
READING
EDGE
Looking up into the night sky on any

major holiday, you may be awed by
beautiful displays of light. Since their
invention in China during the Han
Dynasty, fireworks have become a
universal method of celebration. They
have come a long way since their humble
beginnings.
In their infancy, fireworks were very
basic. Early fireworks were only available in white or gold tones and limited shapes.
Gunpowder was put inside bamboo shafts and set alight, creating an impressive bang
and glow. At that time, people believed that the dramatic noise and the glow would
ward off evil spirits and enemies.
In the late 14th century, Italian explorer, Marco Polo brought fireworks technology
to Europe,
it improved greatly. By the 1830s Italians discovered that
where
different colors and effects could be created by adding chemicals to the gunpowder.
Thanks to their discovery, a range of colorful displays wow audiences today.
In addition to new colors and shapes, fireworks nowadays are accompanied by
beautiful music. Most major celebrations set off pyrotechnics by computer, not by
hand as in the past. Computer synchronization allows fireworks to go off in time
with the music to create an unforgettable show. Many countries have elaborate and
expensive annual fireworks displays, which fascinate both locals and tourists around
the world.
Words
infancy: an early stage of something
tone: any color mixed with white to create a lighter version

shaft: hollow pole
alight: catching on fire
glow: a soft light
, ()
,
,
,
wow: to give an impressive performance
synchronization: causing things to happen at the same time and speed as each other
40
UNIT 3
History & Culture
1. What is the writer mainly talking about in the passage?

The significance of the first fireworks
How fireworks were developed
How people enjoy festive occasions
Who first came up with the idea of fireworks
Computer technology and its effect on fireworks
Speed Reading
2. What is the most appropriate word for the blank?

where

Early fireworks were available in limited colors. T
The Chinese first came up with a way to add color to fireworks.
Thanks to computer technology, people can enjoy elaborate fireworks
TIP
display.
Dance to Chase Away Evil Spirits
On Chinese New Year, you can see the traditional lion dance in Chinatowns
around the world. Performers wearing lion costumes march along, mimicking a
lion`s movements. It is a kind of ceremony to exorcise evil spirits and bring luck
and fortune for the coming year. Though slightly different, this lion dance is
performed in other Asian cultures including Korea.
41
READING
EDGE
The recent arson of the 600-year-old gate at Namdaemun has affected Koreans of
all ages. It has also sparked the question: (a) How can Korea protect its valuable cultural
assets from further destruction? One option is to create a group to keep a watchful eye
on Koreas remaining cultural treasures, ensuring their protection. Other countries
have formed similar movements in the past with great success.
Since 1895, a civic group, called the National Trust, has worked to preserve and
protect the coastline, countryside and buildings of England, Wales and Northern
Ireland. It acts as a guardian of the nation, protecting the treasures and heritage of
the United Kingdom. Thanks to their diligence, its not surprising to find an
abundance of (b) (well-preserving, well-preserved) history as we travel across the
U.K.
Now may be the time for Koreans to turn
sorrow into positive action by forming a
similar group to vigilantly protect Koreas
remaining heritage. With a designated form
of protection in place, Koreans can feel
secure that their heritage and treasures will
be kept alive for the enjoyment of future
generations.
Words
arson: the crime of deliberately burning a building

spark: to cause something to start happening
civic: relating to a city or the people who live in it
guardian: a person or organization that tries to protect something
heritage: the traditional beliefs, values, customs, etc., of a family or group of people
vigilantly: carefully, attentively
designated: chosen by someone for a particular job or purpose
42
UNIT 3
History & Culture
1. Which is the most appropriate expression for the blank (a)?

What is the role of the National Trust?
How much will it cost to rebuild the structure?
How can the U.K. protect its treasures from arson?
How can the government influence people to form a civic group?
How can Korea protect its valuable cultural assets from further
destruction?
2. What is the grammatically correct form for (b)?

well-preserved

Paragraph 1
Paragraph 2
TIP
Paragraph 3
The occurrence of a tragic event

The lesson that Koreans should learn from
this event
Efforts to preserve a national heritage by
creating a civic group
Angkor Wat
Angkor Wat is a famous temple in Cambodia. Once the nation`s capital city and
state temple, it remains a significant world heritage site and attracts many tourists
from around the world. However, due to natural erosion, Angkor Wat is in very
poor condition. Now, various countries are participating in restoration work to
bring this site back to its former splendor.
43
READING
EDGE
Near the beautiful sapphire Lugu Lake in China,

there is a small and unique ethnic group called
the Mosuo. (a) The Mosuo are one of the last
societies in the world in which a woman rules the
clan. The current estimated population of Mosuo
is around 50,000 people.
What makes this group unique is that the Mosuo
culture is described as matriarchal, (b) which a
woman is the head of the clan. Usually, they tend
to trace their lineage through the female side of
their family . The matriarch is so important that
(c) the family may even adopt a woman from another family to take over the house,
if there is no one to inherit the family.
At about thirteen years of age, after the ceremony of initiation, girls are considered to
be full members of the clan and are given keys to their own rooms. Traditionally, a
Mosuo woman who is interested in a particular man will invite him to come after
dark and spend the night with her in her room. The man has the right to visit his love
at night in her private chamber in the house of her clan. But the next morning at dawn
he must leave. He has no right to live with her, or even to eat at her home. (d) When a
child is born, the child is raised by his or her mother in her house.
Even with all their fidelity to tradition, things are changing very quickly in the
Mosuo culture. It is not uncommon (e) to find at least one or two homes in a village
that have a satellite antenna in the courtyard. Who knows how long it will be before
Starbucks or McDonalds appear in the village as well? Change has had a significant
impact on the Mosuo culture.
Words
ethnic: relating to different racial groups of people
clan: a group of people consisting of families
matriarchal: having women rule a family, clan, or tribe
lineage: the series of families from which they are directly descended
inherit: to receive some property from someone
initiation: starting of something
fidelity: loyalty to a person or a set of beliefs
44
UNIT 3
History & Culture
1. Which topic would best follow the passage?

Where Mosuo is located
Who will inherit the family in Mosuo
What will happen to the countryside of China
How Mosuo is undergoing certain changes
Changing gender roles in Chinese society

through adoption
by exchanging cultures
through the female side of their family
by keeping women as the bread winners
by preserving their own family
Speed Reading
TIP
(b)
The Land of Female Warriors
According to Greek mythology, the Amazons were a society of female warriors.

They were very fierce warriors who supposedly cut off their right breasts. Can you
guess why? It was so that they could use a bow more freely and throw spears
effectively. In their culture, there was no place for men, and, if they gave birth to
male babies, they gave those babies to neighboring tribes.
45
READING
EDGE
Imagine youve just arrived at Heathrow Airport

in London this afternoon. Your body needs some
rest and youre craving something sweet. Its a
good time to be in London. Look for Londons
sumptuous Grand Hotel, nearby. Sipping tea
while relaxing in a comfortable sofa and enjoying
the setting sun will make you feel like the Queen.
For over 150 years, afternoon tea has been part of
British tradition. How did this tradition get
started? (a) In the early 19th century, people
usually took only two meals a day. (b) Naturally,
people felt hungry waiting so long between
meals. (c) It was Anna, the 7th Duchess of Bedford, who first started having
afternoon tea. Anna, who experienced a sinking feeling during the late afternoon,
ordered her staff to bring her a pot of tea, bread, and cakes to appease her appetite.
(d) Of course, most Londoners couldnt afford this luxury. (e) This became the fashion
among Londons upper class, leading to the opening of tea houses in London.
London has many world famous hotels, which serve afternoon tea with mouthwatering finger sandwiches, warm scones, and pastries on a gorgeous tray. Just pay a
visit there to feel the elegance and luxury of a bygone age. Before you go, remember
the following tips. Tea time falls between 3 and 5 oclock, and some hotels require
bookings to be made weeks or even months in advance. Most hotels dont require
formal attire, but some still insist on it. Make sure to check the dress code before
you leave the house. In some venues, men will not be allowed in without a tie, so
dont even think about wearing jeans and sneakers!
Words
sumptuous: costly, splendid
sip: to drink a little at a time
appease: to try to stop a person from being angry by giving what they want
mouth-watering: appetizing enough to make the mouth water
elegance: grace
bygone: past
46
UNIT 3
History & Culture
1. Where does the following sentence best fit?

This became the fashion among Londons upper class, leading to
the opening of tea houses in London.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2. Which is NOT mentioned about the tradition in the passage?

Who introduced the tradition into Britain
What is normally served with tea
When afternoon tea is offered
How to dress properly for tea time
What table manners to use during tea time
3. Why did the Duchess probably experience a sinking feeling?

Choose your answer from the passage.
TIP
Because she
felt hungry
Tea Party on a Ship?
Have you heard of the Boston Tea Party? It sounds like a peaceful afternoon
gathering of ladies from Boston, but actually it was a historical act by American
colonists against England. As a protest against taxing the colonies, Americans
tossed many crates of tea into the Boston Harbor. This event led to America`s
fight for independence from England.
47
READING
EDGE
In 1960, the discovery of an ancient

papyrus revealed that the ancient Egyptians
performed surgery on wounds. The papyrus
shows that ancient Egyptian surgeons had a
basic understanding of human organs and
were able to reduce the chances of
infection by removing minor cysts and
tumors with the use of various herbs. It
describes how to stitch up an open wound
using an acacia thorn as a needle. Though
their methods were crude in comparison to modern medicine, ancient Egyptian
surgeons were leagues ahead of others during their time.
Since the daily lives of the ancient Egyptians involved a great deal of hard labor,
injuries were common. In the case of damage to an arm or a leg where / which could
not be repaired, the limb would be removed completely. The Egyptian doctors
performed surgery using tools such as knives, drills, saws, hooks, and forceps. They
even used a vase with burning incense as an early form of aromatherapy. The use of
hot copper medical instruments to cut out damaged tissue and to seal blood vessels
was also common practice.
Interestingly, surgeons in ancient Egypt had two jobs. They were both priests and
doctors, combining ritual with medicine. They believed that sickness was caused by
the wrath of the gods or an evil spirit entering the body. Thus, they used various
magic spells and remedies to guard against evil spirits and help cure the sick.
Words
a disease caused by germs or bacteria:
infection
a mass of abnormal cells that has grown in a persons body:

being very simple and not detailed:
crude
a substance which is burned for removing bad smell:

a religious service or other ceremonies:
anger:
wrath
something for curing people:
48
remedy
ritual
incense
tumor
UNIT 3
History & Culture
1. Which is the best title for this passage?

The Historical Value of Papyrus in Ancient Times
Egyptian Doctors and Their Medical Practices
Surgical Techniques in Ancient Times
Egyptians Crude Medical Techniques
Egyptian Doctors and Their Social Status
Speed Reading
2. Which is the most appropriate word for the underlined part?

which

expressions.
forefathers
misconception
result
medical
sophisticated
medical
Thanks to their advanced
techniques, ancient
forefathers
Egyptian doctors can be called the
of modern surgery.
sophisticated
Their medicines and surgical techniques were very
at the time. Although Egyptians believed that physical ailments were
misconception
result
the
of angering the gods, this
did
not stop them from finding effective ways to treat the sick.
49
REVIEW
UNIT 3. History & Culture

attire
method
1. Here is a simple
initiation
damage
for making an apple pie.
method
heritage
2. It is hard to say whether our cultural

3. Though the
heritage
should be exported or not.
was not very difficult, the process was harder.
initiation
4. For a job interview, a T-shirt and jeans are inappropriate

5. The purpose of this report is to describe symptoms of brain
attire
damage
and treatment strategies.

A
1. humble
racial
2. valuable
worthy
3. ethnic
skilled
4. experienced
ceremonial
5. ritual
modest
C. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions.

1. Our products are available in a range
colorful designs and sizes.
of
2. You should wear sun-block to protect your skin

3. Technology has had a significant impact
4. A lot of stress can lead
to
on
the sun.
achievements in all subject areas.
a serious disorder.
5. What are the advantages of development
50
from
in
comparison to preservation?
READING
EDGE
1. The updated database can be used for
2. Jeff checked his schedule for any
3. An
various
remaining
purposes. (vary)
errands. (remain)
65% of people have internet access at home. (estimate)
estimated
booking
4. Due to the increase in online
, offline reservations are rather
rare. (book)

1. The film was well known for its
respectful
elaborate
scenes and music.
2. Good personality is an important
value
asset
3. Simon decided to
inherit
civil
research
character
medicine
desire
function
his family business.
cause
include
try
critics in Paris.
disappoint
5. Jennifer never fully recovered from an ear
round
when working with others.
4. The astonishing dish was good enough to
interest
appease
she got last winter.

increase
infection
51
SPEED READING
UNIT 3. History & Culture
Relative Clauses
You can combine two or more simple sentences using relative clauses.
Relative clauses are used:
- To modify the preceding noun.
- To give additional information about the preceding noun.
Relative nouns and relative adverbs

When you talk about a person or a thing, use relative nouns: who / whose / who(m) /
which / that
- Dave is a boy who has a guitar.
When you talk about the time, use the relative adverb: when
- His father bought the guitar last month when it was on sale.
When you talk about the place, use the relative adverb: where
- His father stopped by the music shop where he bought the guitar.
Read the following. Think of the simple sentences that are combined.
When you talk about a person: who
- Mike is pointing at a girl who is wearing glasses.
Mike is pointing at a girl. She is wearing glasses.
When you talk about time: when
- I miss the time when we first met.
I miss the time. We first met then.
When you talk about a place: where
- I want to go to the restaurant where we first met.
I want to go to the restaurant. We first met there.
52
READING
EDGE
Mini Test
Which linking words best fit the blanks?

1. It is estimated that people
are highly stressed have four times as
many infections as those who are not under stress.
whose
whom
that
2. Raymond Carver,
has been ranked among the best American short
story writers of the twentieth century, used simple prose, realistic dialogue, and
common characters.
who
which
3. Communication charges for the month

covered by the discount.
when
where
whom
you cancel the service will be
why
4. Surely, the picture below shows a less pleasant aspect of the park
society infringes on the backwoods.
when
where
why
5. When you feel depressed, it is a good idea to go to a place

never been before.
when
why
you have
where
53
Life would be unbearable if we could never escape to the consolations of great art.
- <A life long Interest> by E.H. Gombrich
Unit
Art & Festival

Reading 1 Prom Party
Reading 2 The Batik Style of Cloth Dyeing
Reading 3 Edgar Degas Paintings
Reading 4 In Memory of Rostropovich
Reading 5 Sapporo Snow Festival
READING
EDGE
In the States, Prom is by far the largest event

in an adolescents life. At the end of the
final year of high school it is common to see
graduates in tuxedos or beautiful ball gowns
and hairdos. Why is Prom such a big deal?
Not only is it the final graduation party of
high school, it also symbolizes a coming of
age that begins the road to adulthood.
As Senior Prom draws closer, the main concerns for graduates are what to wear,
who their date will be, and transportation to the big event. Since it is a formal event,
all the men wear black tie attire and the women wear beautiful gowns. Graduates
arriving
also travel in style, most
(arrive) in stretch limousines. Male
graduates will often go to great lengths to ask their dates to Prom. Some even ask
the big question in skywriting, where a plane loops and swirls in the air, spelling out
Will you be my Prom date? in smoke in the middle of the sky. These days, it is not
uncommon for the girls to reverse the role and invite a guy to Prom.
(a) During the event there is an elaborate dinner, dancing, and the Prom King and
Queen are crowned. (b) You may wonder how the King and Queen are selected. (c)
Over their senior year, high school students participate in many school events such
as extracurricular clubs and activities. (d) Sports and cheerleading teams are popular
with junior students as well. (e) The people most likely to be crowned Prom King
involved
and Queen are popular and very
(involve) in school activities.
Words
senior: a student in their final year of high school
() 3,
concern: things that one is interested in
graduate: a student who successfully completed a period of study

uncommon: unusual, special
reverse: to arrange something in the opposite of the usual order

elaborate: having detailed parts
56
UNIT 4
Art & Festival
1. Which does NOT fit in the passage? Choose one from (a) to (e).
(d)
Speed Reading
2. What are the most appropriate expressions for blanks and ?

Use the given words.
arriving
involved

The Senior Prom is held at the end of the final year of high school.
Some boys create elaborate plans to ask a girl to Prom.
Popularity is the only factor considered when choosing the Prom King
TIP
and Queen.
J-U-M-P!
What comes to your mind when you think of cheerleading? Girls in short skirts
with pom-poms? You may be surprised to learn that not all cheerleaders are girls;
there are boys as well. Actually, cheerleading is a kind of sport combining dance,
tumbling, jumps, and stunts. There are cheerleading competitions, too!
57
READING
EDGE
Have you ever wondered how detailed

drawings can be created on cloth? The
Batik style of cloth dyeing is a special
technique used to create beautiful
pictures and (a) elaborate designs on
pieces of cloth, turning them into works
of art. Batik originated over 2000 years
ago, but variations of this technique are
still used today. Batik art is particularly
popular in Java, Indonesia, (b) an area
which is renowned for its beautiful textiles. So how is Batik cloth art made?
First, beeswax is heated until it becomes liquid. It is then painted onto the fabric
using a tiny metal funnel attached to a small stick, similar to a fountain pen. (c) The
wax-covered areas resist dyes, sealed in the original color for the remainder of the
dyeing process. Next, the cloth is dyed; a new color and more wax is applied. The
artist will repeat this process of waxing and dyeing many times. Although the
concept is simple, (d) the designs can be as imaginative and intricate as the artist
likes. The key is to begin with the lightest colors and work up to the darkest. This
way, a multitude of colors can be used.
These days more advanced techniques are used, including stencils and
computerization. (e) These advances allow Batik cloth art to be mass produced
quickly and inexpensively. But, like all mass produced products, the new Batik
lacks a certain originality. However, those who want traditional hand-made Batik
cloth need not worry. There are still many Batik artists around the world who
continue to produce these one-of-a-kind cloth masterpieces.
Words
variation: something that is presented in a slightly different form

renowned: having a good reputation for something
resist: to refuse to do something
intricate: having many small parts
58
multitude: a very large number of people or something

originality: a quality that has creativity
UNIT 4
Art & Festival
1. Which is NOT true according to the passage? Choose two.

Batik cloth dyeing has a long history.
Batik cloth has various styles of designs.
Limited colors are preferred in Batik art.
High technology adds more creativity to Batik cloth dyeing.
For consumers who prefer hand-made art, Batik cloth is a good choice.
Speed Reading

(c) sealed sealing
TIP

Paragraph 1
The process of making Batik cloth art
Paragraph 2
What Batik cloth art is
Paragraph 3
The modernization of Batik cloth art
What Colors Can Say About You
In the olden days, dyeing clothes cost a lot of money. Only rich people could afford
to wear colorful cloths. Back then, substances from nature were used to dye like
flowers, plants, clay, and even insects! In the 1850s, synthetic dye was
discovered. It was much cheaper than natural dye and offered a variety of colors.
59
READING
EDGE
Sometimes, looking at an artists painting will tell

you more than you expect. Edgar Degas painting
portraying
(a)
(portray) ballerinas will
transport you to a ballet hall in Paris.
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas(1834-1917) was
one of the most perceptive painters in the history
of art. As his six hundred images of ballet dancers
represent, he depicted the scenes precisely as he
saw them.
Though he was, and still, is generally classed with
the Impressionists, his unique style of paintings
made him stand out. Personally, he wanted to be regarded as a Realist.
One day, Edgar Degas met his friends and admirers and they decided to visit a cafe
.
When one of his admirers tried to call a horse-drawn cab, Degas refused and said. I
dont like cabs. You dont see anyone. Thats why I love to ride on the omnibus
you can look at people. We were created to look at one another, werent we?
fleeting
As reflected by this episode, he made every effort to capture (b)
(fleet) moments of perfect movement and spontaneous gesture. Its not surprising
that Degas ballet dancers and other portraits are ranked among the finest in the
entire history of art.
Words
perceptive: good at noticing or realizing things

class: to put in a certain group, classify
reflect: to show an attitude that exists
capture: to represent something immaterial in permanent form

fleeting: not lasting
spontaneous: resulting from a natural feeling without any effort

rank: to assign a certain position, rate
60
UNIT 4
Art & Festival

Degas depicted objects in detail.
Degas liked to catch images of moving objects.
Degas is widely recognized as an Impressionist.
Degas was very skillful in depicting human movements.
Degas drawings represent typical impressionist artwork.
2. Complete the following sentence.

In view of Edgar Degas painting techniques, he regarded himself as
Realist
Impressionist
a(n)
rather than a(n)
Speed Reading
3. What are the most appropriate word forms for blanks (a) and
(b)? Use the given words.
TIP
(a)
portraying
(b)
fleeting
The Art of Capturing the Moment
Croquis drawing is a technique used to draw a live model in a very short time,
usually only a few minutes. The word croquis comes from the French, meaning
to sketch. The key of croquis drawing is to capture the essence of the model
without detail. Before the emergence of photography, croquis was the only
method available to capture the moment.
61
READING
EDGE
In Memory of Rostropovich, the Greatest Cellist of Our Time

London Symphony Orchestra
Patron: HM The Queen
Tuesday, April 01, 2008
Barbican Center
Britten Four Sea Interludes from Peter Grimes, OP 33a
Schumann Cello Concerto in A minor, OP 129
Intermission: twenty minutes
Prokofiev Symphony Concerto for Cello and Orchestra, OP 125
Colin Davis conductor
Steven Isserlis cello
Mstislav Rostropovich(1927 - 2007) was a

legendary musician and human rights
activist. He was an (a) energetic (energy)
conductor as well as a mentor and (b)
inspiration
(inspire) to young gifted
cellists and composers. Born into a
famous musical family in 1927 in the
former USSR, he began studying the
piano at the age of four. When he was
eight, he switched to the cello. In 1942, he
made his cello debut, then went on to make his conducting debut in 1961. During
his lifetime he received the Stalin Prize and was named a Peoples Artist of the
former USSR. In addition, many honorary degrees and over 90 major awards were
bestowed upon him by 26 different nations. He passed away in 2007.
There will be a reception in the main lobby following the performance.
Words
patron: someone who sponsors a certain organization

interlude: instrumental music played between the parts of a song
intermission: a period of time between two parts of an event
conductor: the director of an orchestra
legendary: well-known, famous
bestow: to give something
62
UNIT 4
Art & Festival
1. For what purpose is the concert held?

To attract more patrons for the Orchestra
To lament the sudden death of a musician
To play music by award-winning composers
To honor a great cellist and his achievements
To celebrate the history of the cello repertoire
2. Which is NOT mentioned in the passage?

How long the intermission will last
When Rostropovich started his career as a conductor
Who influenced Rostropovich a lot as a composer
Where the reception will be held
Who sponsors the London Symphony Orchestra
3. What are the most appropriate word forms for blanks (a) and
(b)? Use the given words.
TIP
(a)
energetic
(b)
inspiration
Left Behind
Stradivarius violins are well known for their quality of sound and unbelievable
price. However, only a few know that the gifted crafter, Antonio Stradivari, also
made some of the most expensive cellos in the world. Yo-Yo Ma plays one of
them, the Davidov Stradivarius cello. Once, he left this 2.5 million dollar cello in
the trunk of a New York taxi. Luckily, he kept the taxi receipt and was able to
retrieve it in time for his concert.
63
READING
EDGE
If you saw a life-sized dinosaur on the streets of Japan, would you pinch yourself? You
may not be dreaming! During the Sapporo Snow Festival, amazing snow and ice
sculptures transform the city into a winter wonderland. From the breathtaking snow
sculptures at Odori Park, to the magnificent ice sculptures at Susukino, the festival
attracts millions of visitors every year. Although the festival began simply, with six
students building snow sculptures at Odori Park back in 1955, the Sapporo Snow
Festival has become Japans largest winter event.
In years where there hasnt been enough snow to sustain the festival, the community
gets a helping hand from the soldiers at the local Makokmanai Base. This Self-Defense
Force, who made the festival famous by building the first giant snow sculpture,
consider transporting additional snow to the site a rewarding training exercise.
The festival has even gone on during times of energy
crisis where the snow had to be transported by hand
because there was not enough gasoline to transport it
by truck. Thanks to Mother Nature and some manpower, the festival has enough snow to carry on every
year. Why is so much snow needed? Well, around 300
sculptures are built for the festival every year, so do
the math... thats a lot of snow!
Although it is a competition, the Sapporo Snow
Festival has become a fun and creative way to build
international relations and help people work as a team.
Many countries participate in the festival, achieving a
multicultural atmosphere. Attending the festival can be a real learning experience.
During the festival, people can express cultural messages from their country, while
making friends from around the world. Even if you dont win an award, you can still
gain a lot from attending this unique event. So next time youre in Japan in February,
keep your eyes peeled - you just may see a Brontosaurus!
Words
extremely amazing:
breathtaking
beautiful in a grand way, rich:

to maintain, keep up:
magnificent
sustain
to carry from one place to another:
transport
giving a sense of reward, or having a positive effect:
rewarding
a situation that can put someone or something in danger:

an event in which people participate in and try to be the best:
64
crisis
competition
UNIT 4
Art & Festival
1. Which aspect of the Sapporo Snow Festival is NOT mentioned

in the passage?
How the first festival started in 1955.
What activities take place at the festival.
How the festival can benefit the participants.
How to make sure there is enough snow for the festival.
How many and what types of prizes are awarded at the festival.
2. Which can be inferred from the passage?

The Self-Defense Forces started the Snow Festival.
The amount of snowfall is crucial to hold the festival.
Around 300 sculptures have been built since the festival first began.
Only foreign visitors are allowed to participate in the festival.
Building snow and ice sculptures helps people learn how to collaborate.

expressions.
participate in
Many
They can
but also
recognition
tourists
at first
not only
from around the world visit Japan in February.

not only
see sculptures made of snow and ice,
participate in
the competition. The festival was small
at first
recognition
, but it has gained
from around
the world.
tourists
65
REVIEW
UNIT 4. Art & Festival

magnificent
spontaneous
1. The billionaires
intricate
magnificent
reverse
house has more than ten bedrooms.
2. No matter how hard you try, you cannot
our natural resources.
sustain
spontaneous
5. The computer mechanism is very
the tide.
reverse
3. Conserving water is an important way to

4. Sometimes it pays off to be
sustain
, rather than making detailed plans.
intricate
and difficult to repair.
B. Connect each word in column A with the matching expression in column B.

A
1. capture
lively
2. variation
catch
3. energetic
change
4. patron
supporter

1. Gyeongju is renowned
for
2. He can speak Chinese fluently

3. Jennifer is not involved
4. His hard work made him stand
66
its heritage of the ancient Silla dynasty.

well
as
in
as
English.
the remodeling of the old hotel.

out
as a leading candidate for the gold medal.
READING
EDGE
legendary
1. Babe Ruth was a

fleeting
2. For a(an)
3. Excellent readers are
pitcher in the history of baseball. (legend)
moment she thought the car was going to crash. (fleet)

perceptive
to what authors want to say in the book.
(percept)
4. In the Middle Ages, knights were
bestowed
a special honor by kings.
(bestow)
5. A(An)
multitude
of people crowded round the entrance to the airport
to see the famous singer. (multitude)

1. When a teacher finds it pleasant to spend time with children, she realizes that
teaching can be
relevant
2. I need to
solve
rewarding
geniality
lucrative
recount
reflect
inspire
recent
recognize
, as its characters are so similar to Hamlet.

image
originality
4. Both the speeches of Martha and Sam
on this problem before I make a final decision.
3. Her new novel lacks
vary
genuineness
confidence in their classmates.
combine
contribute
67
SPEED READING
UNIT 4. Art & Festival
Participles
When you know the participles:
- You can understand the logical organization of a sentence.
- You can understand the meaning of a sentence more accurately.
- You can speed up your reading.
Participles come in two varieties: present and past

verb
present participle
past participle
regular
realize
realizing
realized
irregular
burn
burning
burnt
Participles function as adjectives in the sentences.

Look at the burning house! (present participle)
Look at my burnt face. (past participle)
Participles can make up multi-part verbs.

Look at the house! It is burning now! (present participle - active structure)
Look at my face! It is all burnt. (past participle - passive structure)
Participles are used to shorten relative clauses.

It was a lovely house overlooking the garden. (present participle)
It was a lovely house that overlooked the garden. (active structure)
Do you have any ointment for my face burnt by the sun? (past participle)
Do you have any ointment for my face that is burnt by the sun? (passive structure)
68
READING
EDGE
Mini Test
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given.
1. All books
out of the Library must be returned within three weeks to the
Self-issue workstation, which is on the issue desk. You will need your ID Card for
this.
take
took
taken
2. Though I enjoyed the play for the most part, I personally felt the performance was
quite
disappoint
3. It was a very
in the end. I left the theater a little dissatisfied.

disappointed
disappointing
day for me. I visited tons of potential clients and have lots
of paperwork due tomorrow. Even now, my legs and feet are sore.
tire
tired
tiring
4. What is obvious is that there is not sufficient information on the consequences of

genetically
foods (GM food) on human health. A recent survey said that
52.5% of respondents felt there was little or no risk associated with GM food.
modify
modified
5. College students spend quite a bit of time
modifying
their academic and social
lives.
balance
balancing
balanced
69
A myth is a tale what becomes fresher with every retelling.

- <The agony of flies> by Elias Canetti
Unit
Mythology & Origin

Reading 1 The Origin of Bungee Jumping
Reading 2 Bite the Bullet
Reading 3 The Crystal Skull
Reading 4 Plastic Surgery
Reading 5 Psyche and Her Love
READING
EDGE
What first comes to mind when thinking of

bungee jumping? An exciting and thrilling sport?
The origin of this sport is not just fun and
exciting. Bungee jumping dates back hundreds of
years to Pentecost Island in the South Pacific.
Young men of the Vanuatu nation built 100-foothigh towers from which they jumped, with
strong, carefully-measured vines tied around their
ankles. This event, which became known as land
diving, was a rite of passage into manhood.
However
(a)
, that is somewhat paradoxical
since land diving, locally called nagol, was
started at Bunlap village by a woman. Her name has been forgotten, but legend has
it that she was the abused wife of a man named Tamalie. She ran deep into the
jungle and climbed a tree. When Tamalie found her, she threatened to jump.
To prove his love, he said he would leap, too. She jumped, having secretly tied vines
to her ankles. He jumped, knowing nothing about the vines. The vines saved her.
He, of course, died. Women reenacted the jump for years after that. Then male
village elders decided this female rite was bad for the spirit of Tamalie and ruled
that, henceforth, men would be doing all the jumping.
Words
measure: to determine size, volume
vine: various woody climbing plants
rite: a formal ceremony or observance, often religious
threaten: to give warning of something, usually unpleasant or dangerous

leap: to jump or spring suddenly or with force
reenact: to act or perform something on stage or in real life again
72
UNIT 5
Mythology & Origin
1. Which is the best title for the passage?

A Cruel Rite to Manhood
A Legend of Land-Diving
A Thrilling Experience, Bungee Jumping
A Way to Get Out of Your Routine
A Beautiful Love Story
2. Which is the appropriate conjunction for the blank (a)?

Therefore
However
As a result
Otherwise
Although

Land-diving was originally started as a rite of passage into manhood.
Tamalie was a good husband to kill himself for his wife.
The origin of bungee jumping started as a ceremony for young men to
TIP
propose to women.
X-tremely Dangerous?
Extreme sports(sometimes written as X-treme sports or X-games) is a term for

activities which are considered quite dangerous, such as bungee jumping,
skateboarding, skydiving, snowboarding, and yamakasi. Why do people want to
do these risky activities? Its simple: they enjoy the adrenalin rush that cannot be
achieved in day to day life.
73
READING
EDGE
If someone is told to bite the bullet, they

are advised to accept their punishment
today.
(a) However, in old times, bullets were
given to soldiers to bite on to help them
endure pain. At that time, most surgeries
were desperate and painful affairs with the
patient fully conscious and feeling the
pain. (b) To ease the suffering, the patient
was given a couple of stiff belts or whiskey to numb the senses, then given a stick or
lead bullet to bite down on as the surgeon went to work with a knife or a saw. (c)
The bullet or stick was given to let the patient focus their energy and attention on the
biting instead of the cutting and pain. (d) It may also have helped to reduce the
screaming, which probably benefited the surgeon and attendants.
Why bite on a bullet? Made of lead, bullets are malleable. Although quite strong,
they will actually deform somewhat when bitten hard. (e) Bullets are also readily
available in times of war, when this type of surgery is frequently called for. Bite the
bullet may have originated in the civil war.
Words

,
punishment: rough treatment, suffering or hardship
endure: to bear something patiently; to put up with it
desperate: extremely anxious, fearful or despairing

numb: to deprive someone of sensation
benefit: to gain an advantage or receive something good from it or as a result of it

malleable: able to be beaten into a different shape
()
deform: to change the shape of something without breaking it
74
UNIT 5
Mythology & Origin
1. What does Bite the bullet mean today?

Chew on the bullet
Try to endure great pain
Keep away from danger
Pay a painful price
Have surgery
2. Where would the following sentence best fit?

Hence, teeth would not break as would likely happen from
biting a stone, for example.
(e)
3. Which is NOT true about the passage?

Bullets were once used as painkillers.
An alcoholic beverage was used to ease pain.
Patients were awake when they had surgery in old times.
Bullets were helpful for patients but distracting for doctors.
TIP
Bullets were used due to the abundance of them in battle fields.
Other Phrases of Military Origin:

- chance ones arm: take an uncalculated risk to get something
- feather in ones cap: an honorary reward for something you have done well
- throw down the gauntlet (or glove): initiate a challenge (from medieval knights)
- down a peg or two: reduce ones status among ones peers
75
READING
EDGE
Have you ever seen a psychic carrying a crystal skull to foretell the future and heal
sick people in the movies? This may have more impact because skulls are
humanitys foremost symbol of death. Do such mysterious crystal skulls exist in
reality? Yes, thirteen crystal skulls of apparently ancient origin have been found in
parts of Mexico, Central America and South America, making them one of the most
fascinating subjects of 20th century archaeology.
These skulls, found near the ancient ruins of Mayan and Aztec civilizations, are a
mystery as profound as the Pyramids of Egypt, the Nazca Lines of Peru, and
Stonehenge, for their remarkable magical and healing powers. But nobody really
knows where they came from or what they were used for. Were they left behind after
the destruction of a lost civilization, such as
Atlantis? Are they simply modern fakes or can
they really enable us to see deeply into the past
and predict the future?
Much research is currently being done on the
skulls. However, their origin is still an unsolved
mystery. (a) They seem to defy logic because its
impossible for any sculptor to carve them as they
are without breaking them, even with the use of
lasers and other high-tech cutting techniques.
Words

,
psychic: someone who possesses supernatural powers

skull: the hard bony framework of the head
mysterious: difficult or impossible to understand or explain
archaeology: the excavation and subsequent study of the physical remains of earlier civilizations
profound: radical, extensive, far-reaching
predict: to prophesy, foretell or forecast
fake: someone, something, or an act that is not genuine

defy: to resist or disobey someone boldly and openly
carve: to cut (wood, stone, etc) into a shape
76
UNIT 5
Mythology & Origin
1. What are the appropriate words to complete the main idea of

the passage? Find two words in the passage.
The discovery of ancient crystal skulls is so
origin
that people cant explain the
mysterious
of them by logic.
2. Which can be implied from the underlined part (a)?

Crystal skulls are made by con-artists.
Crystal skulls cant be explained by science.
Crystal skulls have supernatural powers.
Crystal skulls are really human skulls.
Sculptors dont believe in the existence of crystal skulls.
3. What can replace the word foretell in the first paragraph?

Find the word in the passage.
TIP
predict
OOPArt (Out-of-place artifact)
An out-of-place artifact (OOPArt) is a term used to describe a historical,

archaeological or palaeontological object found in a very unusual or seemingly
impossible location. This term covers a wide variety of objects. While most believe
cases of OOPArt are the result of mistaken interpretation, supporters regard them
as evidence that has been overlooked by mainstream science. OOPArt may even
be evidence left by vanished civilizations that possessed knowledge or technology
more advanced than our own.
77
READING
EDGE
Many people think plastic surgery gets its name from the plastic used to do the job.
But the plastic in plastic surgery actually comes from the Greek word plastikos,
which means to shape or form something. Can it then be assumed that plastic
surgery began with the Greeks? In fact, it is much older. There is evidence that it
was practiced thousands of years ago by ancient physicians in India.
(a) In ancient India, noses were regarded as symbols of pride. For this reason, they
proved to be tempting targets during warfare. (b) A lot of Indians were interested in
having surgery to make themselves more beautiful. (c) Many people whose noses
got injured in war needed to get them reconstructed. (d) In addition, there were also
a large number of noses damaged by punishment for legal offenses at that time.
Cutting off the nose which was a source
of pride to Indians was considered a
proper and suitable punishment for
offenses. (e) To reshape the noses,
surgeons removed skin from the persons
cheek or forehead, and folded it down.
Believe it or not, this early form of the
nose job is believed to be amazingly
successful, except for the resulting scar
on the cheek or forehead.
Words
surgery: treating disease, disorder or injury by cutting into the patients body
assume: to accept something without proof
regard: to consider someone or something in a specified way

tempting: trying to attract and persuade someone to do something
reconstruct: to construct or form again
punishment: the act of punishing
offence: the breaking of a rule or law
78
,
,
UNIT 5
Mythology & Origin
1. What is the passage mainly about?

The symbolic meaning of noses for Indians
A variety of purposes for plastic surgery
The difference between modern and ancient surgery
The beginning of reconstructing body parts
The development of surgery in ancient India
2. Which of the underlined parts does NOT fit in the passage?

(b)

Indian doctors were skilled surgeons.
Indians were interested in having a high nose.
Plastic surgery was used to fix deformed body parts.
Indian laws allowed noses to be damaged as a punishment.
TIP
The word for plastic surgery originated from Greek.
The History of Cosmetics
Cindy Jackson is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for having had the
most plastic surgeries out of anyone in the world. While most women only dream
of having a Barbie doll`s face and figure, Jackson went one step further, spending
nearly $100,000 on plastic surgery since 1988.
79
READING
EDGE
Many people have heard the dramatic love story of Eros and Psyche. According to
Greek mythology, Psyche was a mortal woman whose beauty rivaled that of the
goddess Aphrodite. Psyche was so beautiful that it discouraged suitors. She couldnt
find any man to marry her because they all thought of her as a goddess. On her
journey to find a husband she unknowingly fell in love with Aphrodites son, Eros,
also known as Cupid.
(A) When their love affair was discovered,
Psyche suffered the wrath of Aphrodite.
Aphrodite bombarded Psyche with a number of
difficult tasks. For example, she had to separate
many different varieties of grains in a short time.
She also had to collect golden fleece from
dangerous rams, and retrieve beauty from
Persephone in the Underworld.
(B) Psyche was so extraordinarily beautiful that
men would worship her instead of the Goddess
of beauty, Aphrodite. This made Aphrodite so
angry that she sent her son, Eros, to make Psyche fall in love with him, and trick her
into marrying a horrible monster. But instead of obeying his mother, Eros fell in love
with Psyche and visited her every night.
(C) Eros insisted on keeping his identity secret and didnt allow Psyche to see him.
However, Psyches two jealous sisters advised her to find out her lovers identity.
Following their advice, Psyche discovered that her lover was Eros. Once discovered,
Eros left Psyche.
Finally, Psyche and Eros were reunited. Aphrodite forgave Psyche, and Psyche
became immortal.
This love story is a symbol of the one thing that we all have that can be studied but
perhaps never fully understood. Something that is given to us, but can never be
Despite
tremendous obstacles, Psyche
taken away the human spirit.
persisted in her search for the love which made her soul complete. The curiosity of
Psyche is just one of many human qualities that psychologists seek to study:
curiosity, envy, love, compassion, and perseverance.
UNIT
80
UNIT 5
Mythology & Origin
1. What is the right order of the passage?

(A) - (B) - (C)
(A) - (C) - (B)
(C) - (A) - (B)
(C) - (B) - (A)
(B) - (C) - (A)
Speed Reading

Despite
In regard to
In return for
Although
As a result of

expressions.
curiosity
symbolizes
understand
mythological
psychologists
nature
mythological
We have known the
figure, Psyche as only
a beautiful woman loved by Eros. But the story of Psyche in Greek
symbolizes
nature
Mythology
the
of
Psychologists
the human spirit.
have been trying to understand
curiosity
human qualities such as
, love and compassion.
Words
a collection of myths:
mythology
a man who wants to marry a woman:

anger or rage:
suitor
wrath
to get something back:
retrieve
surprisingly or remarkably:
extraordinarily
to love or admire someone or something:

something that describes who you are:
living forever and never dying:
worship
identity
immortal
to continue with something in spite of resistance, difficulty:
persist
the quality that makes people continue with something in spite of hardships:
perseverance
81
REVIEW
UNIT 5. Mythology & Origin

rivals
surgery
profound
defy
mythology
1. After the traffic accident, he was sent to the hospital and underwent emergency
surgery
2. The gangsters were arrested for

3. Due to
ing the ban on drug trading.
defy
knowledge of modern art, it is hard to read this book.
profound
4. Currently the biggest
of Korean car companies are located
rivals
in Japan.
mythology
5. Mercury is one of the gods in Greek

A
1. rite
not
2. fake
formal ceremony
3. leap
jump
genuine

1. William confessed that he fell in love
2. Legend has
it
that
3. The teacher bombarded the students

4. Sara insisted
82
on
with
Annie at first sight.
Jumong was born as a result of breaking an egg.

with
many questions.
calling the service center repeatedly.
READING
EDGE
D. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions.

Use the given words.
1. This coupon expires on June, 31st. It is not
extraordinarily
2. Sam is a prodigy. He is
3. How could you believe such
5. Dont give up.
smart, so no one rivals him. (ordinary)
mysterious
tempting
4. Simon couldnt reject the
after July. (avail)
available
power exists in reality? (mystery)

offer from the firm. (tempt)
is the key to success. (persevere)
Perseverance

1. Jennifer stopped by the Lost and Found to
renew
retrieve
2. After he had his nose
reunited
held
4. According to
geologists
purchase
fix
he felt satisfied with his look.

carved
3. This festival is said to have
her bag.
originated
reshaped
numbed
from a ceremony of an African tribe.
prevented
defied
some of the ancient ruins remain a mystery.
archaeologists
astronomers
physicists
83
SPEED READING
UNIT 5. Mythology & Origin
Transition Words
Transition words are necessary to grasp the meaning of the sentence.
Why is it important to understand transition words?
- We can read the content faster and more accurately.
- We can predict what content will come next.
- We can understand the logical flow of the content.
Types of transition words

When similar content is followed: likewise / similarly
When the opposite content is followed: however / while / in contrast / on the contrary
When an example is given: for example / for instance
When additional content follows: in addition / moreover / in other words
When results follow: as a result / therefore / consequently
When making a summary: in short / in conclusion
Read the following. Pay attention to the transition words and predict what will come
next.
When the opposite content is followed:
- In some cultures, if you look directly into someones eyes, it will be regarded as rude.
However, in other cultures, making eye contact while speaking is a respectful gesture.
When results follow:
- The company decided to help people learn more about environmental problems.
As a result, they came up with bio-degradable products.
When making a summary:
- Companies spend astronomical amounts of money advertising their products in order to
boost sales. In short, they don't know how to make good use of money.
84
READING
EDGE
Mini Test
Which transition words best fit the blanks?

1. Traffic congestion costs money. One study showed that in Los Angeles alone, over
four billion liters of fuel are wasted each year as a result of traffic delays.
there are indirect losses including lost business opportunities.
In addition
In contrast
In conclusion
2. To select the pencil you need, note the numbers printed on the side of it.
These numbers indicate how hard the pencil leads are. In the United States,
, the number 2 pencil is a medium-grade lead.
consequently
for instance
in short
3. Do you know that jet airlines affect atmospheric temperature? During the day, the
contrails left in the sky by jet airlines reflect incoming sunlight, and result in a net
cooling of the atmosphere.
, at night, they trap heat beneath them.
Likewise
However
Moreover
4. In the US, about 30% of the corn crop will be used to produce ethanol in a few
years. Its a big increase.
, this will cause the price of corn to
skyrocket.
As a result
On the contrary
For example
5. Every year, new roads are built to improve the heavy traffic situation, but there is no
cure for it.
, as long as you live in a metropolitan area, you have to
expect to be stuck in traffic.
In contrast
In short
In addition
85
86
87
88
Unit 1 Teens Life

Reading 1 | Multicultural Evening
Join us for a Multicultural Evening
When: Saturday, June 5, from 7 p.m. - 9:30 p.m.
Where: Unity High School, Burnaby
The Multicultural Society of Unity High School will be
hosting a dinner party to encourage multiculturalism
within our community. This event will give all who
attend an opportunity to get to know more about
different cultures.
There will be a variety of food from all over the world. If
youre curious to know what hummus, kimchi, churros,
or pakoras taste like, dont miss this event! There will
be a number of events during the evening, including
traditional dances. Even more importantly, this evening
provides an opportunity to get to know various cultures
and make some good friends.
In addition, learning more about different cultures helps
fight ignorance, racism and stereotypes. By celebrating
different cultures, we can view cultural differences as
positive rather than problematic. For more information
about this or other Multicultural Society events, please
visit our website: multiculturaleventalert.com.
Note: If you would like to lend a helping hand, please
call the President of the Multicultural Society, Nora
Blumefield at 555-1338. Please let her know which
committee you would like to join: entertainment,
catering or decorating.
.
: 6 5, , 7 - 9 30
: ,

.
.
. , , ,
, !
.

.
, ,
.

.
multiculturaleventalert.com .
: ,
555-1338 . , ,
.
Expressions
hummus ( ,
.)
pakora ( ,
)
a number of ~
in addition ,
rather than ~

In addition, / learning more about different cultures / helps
fight / ignorance, racism and stereotypes.
/ /
/ ,
3 -s , help
to .
Words
/ / / / / ,

1.
2. (d) (help fight helps fight)
3. F T T
READING
EDGE
Reading 2 | Online Profile
Have you heard of Cyworld, Myspace or Facebook?
These sites all allow people to create an online profile.
Today most teens are making online profiles about
themselves. They create online profiles for many
reasons: friendship, dating and networking. You can
make your page as simple or as complex as you like.
So how can teenagers who want to create an online
profile get started?
The first step is to decide which site is best for you.
Once you have chosen your site, you can begin to add
a little information about yourself. You can even upload
photos and games. But be careful. Maintaining a
webpage can be more work than you think. It can even
be addictive! People need to take care not to spend an
unreasonable amount of time or money while creating
their page.
Also, when creating an online profile, you have to keep
in mind that anyone can access the Internet. Its
important to be safe, so dont reveal too many details
about your identity or post public photos. Strangers
can use your personal details or photos for fraudulent
purposes. They can even repost your pictures on other
websites! So make sure your profile is set to private,
not public.
Answer Key
Expressions
for many reasons
take care ,
keep in mind
make sure

People need to take care / not to spend an unreasonable
amount of time /or money / while creating their page.
/ /
/
while -ing .
Words
/ () / / () /
/ , / ( )
1.
2. (b) (gets started get started)
3. identity, public

, , ?
.

. : , ,
. ,
.
?
.
,
. . .
.
!
.
, ,
. ,
.
.
!

.
READING
EDGE
Reading 3 | The Advice Column
. . ,
?
!
Dear Annie,
Last weekend my parents told me that we will be
moving to New York next month. My Dad got
promoted, but in order to accept the position, we have
to relocate. This is completely out of the blue and Im
terrified! I just started high school, which was traumatic
enough, even though I already knew everyone. I dont
want to have to go through the same experience again
with strangers! Dont get me wrong. Im really happy for
my Dad. I know that the move will be a good
opportunity for our family. But... Im from a really small
town in Ohio and I dont keep up with current fashion
trends or reality TV. I dont even know what music is
cool. How will I ever adjust to such a huge, fashionconscious city? Please give me some tips to help me fit
in!
,
, .
, . ,

. .
. ,
?

.
. ,
. ,
.
!
Nervous in North Star

Dear Nervous,
Expressions
Moving is a big change at any time, so your distress is

understandable. Luckily, there are a few things you can
do to make the transition easier. First of all, see if any of
your Dads co-workers have kids your age. You can
contact them and become pen pals until your move.
That way, when you arrive, youll already have some
new friends. Also, why not do some Internet research
to find out more about New York? That way, youll
know a little more about your new city as well as what
the cool trends are there. But dont feel like you have to
change who you are completely. The most important
thing is to be yourself, and keep your head up even if
you feel shy or out of place. Confidence is very
important and will attract friends like a magnet. Be sure
to write back and let me know how it goes!
Annie

get promoted (*promote: )

go through ,
keep up with
fit in ,
out of place , ( in place)

The most important thing is / to be yourself, / and keep
your head up / even if you feel shy / or out of place.
~ / /
/ /
to 2 and .
Words
/ / , / /
/ / /
,

. ,
. !
.
. !
. .
.
TV
1.
2.
3.
READING
EDGE
Reading 4 | Teens Future Jobs
What kind of jobs do Korean teenagers want to have
and why? A recent survey asked Korean teenagers
about their top 5 career choices and the reasons for
these choices as shown in these graphs.
The most popular career was being a teacher, followed
by doctor or lawyer, computer programmer, business
person and artist. The criteria teenagers considered
most important for their future job were that it be
Stable and less stressful. Specialized and
professional and Free and creative were the second
and third most important factors. These results clearly
show teenagers preference for stable and secure jobs.
They seem to value jobs with private satisfaction more
than jobs with a better salary or a good reputation.
Considering the high unemployment rate nowadays,
the survey results make a lot of sense.
Teenagers also find entertainment quite an appealing
path, which reflects the strong influence the media has
on teenagers. Interestingly, professions such as doctor
or lawyer are not the top choice.
Answer Key
Expressions
followed by ~ ,
considering ~
make sense ,
such as ~

The criteria / teenagers considered most important for
their future job were / that it be Stable / and less stressful
/ /
/
were that .
Words
/ / / / , /
1.
2.
3. reflects are

?

5 .
, ,
, .

.

.
.
.
, .
,
. ,
1 .
READING
EDGE
Reading 5 | Fighting the Five-finger Discount
Expressions
Recently local store owners and entrepreneurs in Park

Royal Mall have formed a group of their own to fight
teen shoplifting. Theft has been an increasing problem
in the mall. The largest group of offenders ranges from
ages 11 - 17. Store owners are not satisfied with the
traditional slap on the wrist punishments teens usually
receive for shoplifting. They find it is not enough of a
deterrent and there are too many re-offenders.
be satisfied with ~
Last week store owners met to come up with a better

method of protection from five-finger discount seekers.
They decided on a few different strategies. One idea
involves training store staff to spot shoplifting. In order
to make staff more vigilant, the mall will employ secret
shoplifters. These people will look like regular
teenagers, but will be paid to steal from unsuspecting
stores. This way employees can recognize and catch
shoplifters before it's too late.
Merchants also decided to have a zero-tolerance policy
for teens caught shoplifting. The mall will keep an
updated record of teens caught stealing in the mall.
This list will have names and photos of past offenders.
This way staff can recognize these sticky-fingered
teens and ban them from the store. Shopkeepers hope
that this will help reduce shoplifting and keep the
shelves stocked with products for those willing to pay
for them.
slap on the wrist ( ) ,

come up with ~ , ~
five-finger discount
keep a record of ~
sticky-fingered ,
ban A from B A B

Shopkeepers hope / that this will help / reduce shoplifting
/ and keep the shelves stocked with products / for those
willing to pay for them.
/ ~ /
/ /

help + : ~
Words
entrepreneur / offender / deterrent / strategy / vigilant /
employ / tolerance / stock
2. (b)
1.
3. prevent / employees / vigilance / stealing / get away
Review

.
. 11 17
.
.
, .

. .
.
,
.
,
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
A. 1. vigilant 2. positive 3. stable 4. entrepreneur

5. multicultural
B.
A
B
period of change
1. trend
2. access
most popular style
3. transition
prohibit
4. ban
permission to look at
information
C. 1. stocked with 2. be yourself 3. variety of
4. confidence
D. 1. offender 2. deterrent 3. specialized
4. criteria 5. Unemployment
E. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Mini Test
1. is 2. were released 3. were, was 4. means
5. is 6. is
Unit 2 Science & Technology

Reading 1 | Blood Type Theory
You may have heard talk about blood type and how it
affects our personality and relationships. But can our
blood type really define who we are, how we act, and
our relationships with others? Generally, type A is
thought to be sensible, creative and naive, while type B
is considered outgoing, friendly, and selfish. Type AB is
considered to be rational, level-headed, and indecisive.
On the other hand, type O is associated with being
sociable, optimistic, and careless.
But is there any scientific proof? Studies were
conducted on the concept of blood type traits in the
late 1920s. However, these studies were mainly
politically motivated and held little scientific backing.
They were often used as proof of racial superiority of
certain groups by various countries, including Japan
and Germany. The Japanese tried to use the theory to
breed better soldiers, but the experiment was a failure.
Then, why is the theory still so popular? Just like
astrology, the blood type personality theory is
interesting and fun, but also vague and misleading. If
you really want to find out about someones
personality, the best way is to get to know them by
talking to them, rather than relying on superstition.
Answer Key
Expressions
on the other hand
be associated with ~
in the late 1920s 1920
be used as ~
find out about ~
get to know ~
rely on (= count on, defend on)

If you really want / to find out about someones
personality, / the best way is / to get to know them / by
talking to them, / rather than relying on superstition.
/ /
~ / / /

by + -ing
.
Words
/ , / , /
/ / /
1. 2. talking to someone (them) 3. T T F

.
,
? , A , B
. AB
. , O
.
? 1920
. ,
.

.
, .
, ?
,
. ,
,
.
READING
EDGE
Reading 2 | Artificial Limbs
Can you believe that someone with an artificial leg can
run 100 m in less than 17 seconds? This is no longer a
dream. Thanks to research and scientific advancements,
artificial limbs, also called prosthetics, have become very
sophisticated. In the past, someone missing a leg would
be confined to a wheelchair for life, but not any more!
Artificial limbs used to be heavy and clunky, but times
have changed. Prosthetics now use space-age
materials such as carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is what
makes prosthetics extremely strong and light.
Prosthetic legs have had major breakthroughs, such as
the hydraulic knee. The hydraulic knee uses liquid to
create pressure to help the knee operate realistically.
This knee absorbs impact and is adjustable to give
greater control to athletes. Prosthetic arms are equally
advanced. Some arms are so superior that they even
have the sense of touch.
The technological advancements in prosthetics give
those living with missing limbs comfort, independence,
and hope. Wearers no longer have to rely on others for
their daily needs. Plus, the realistic look and
performance of artificial limbs mean the wearer no
longer sticks out in a crowd. You may be standing
beside someone with an artificial limb at the bus stop
and not even notice!

100 17
? .
, , .
, !
, .
.
.
.
.

. .
.

, .
. ,

.
!
Expressions
no longer ~ (= not ~ any longer)
used to ~ ( )
rely on , (= defend on)
stick out ,

Thanks to research and scientific advancements, / artificial
limbs, / also called prosthetics, / have become very
sophisticated.
/ / /

Thanks to , also called prosthetics
Words
/ / / / , / /
,
1.
2. light (strong) but also strong (light)
3. Paragraph 1
Artificial legs are less
Paragraph 2
Space-age technology has
Paragraph 3
made prosthetics more

advanced.
People are achieving new
goals with their artificial
limbs.
noticeable than in the past.
READING
EDGE
Reading 3 | The Leafy Sea Dragon
What would you do if you had the ability to blend in
with your surroundings? Would you use this power for
good, or for evil? Every day, sea creatures use this
ability simply to survive. Take the leafy sea dragon for
example. This unusual creature is found in Australia. It
has leafy attachments all over its body which make it
look just like a piece of seaweed. It is able to
completely blend in with the surrounding marine life.
Camouflage is essential to sea dragons since they are
slow swimmers. Many would-be predators overlook the
leafy sea dragon, believing it is just another piece of
unappetizing seaweed.
Interestingly, camouflage is not the leafy sea dragons
only unique quality. When it comes to reproduction, sea
dragons switch traditional roles. It is the male, not the
female, who becomes pregnant. The female deposits
her eggs onto the males tail, where he will carry them
for four to six weeks. When they are born, the baby sea
dragons will be replicas of their parents, but much
smaller, of course!
Recently, Australia has passed laws to protect the leafy
sea dragon. Unfortunately, the sea dragon is still
sought after by collectors because they believe it has
medicinal qualities. Therefore, its ability to look similar
to its surroundings is the sea dragons best survival
strategy. If you have time, why not search the web for
an image of a leafy sea dragon? Could you tell it from a
piece of seaweed if you hadn't read this article?
Answer Key
. ,
?
?
Expressions
blend in with ~
take A for example A
when it comes to ~
seek after ,
tell A from B A B

Many would-be predators / overlook the leafy sea dragon,
/ believing / it is just another piece of unappetizing
seaweed.
/ / ~
/

.
Words
, / , / / /
~ /
1.
2. camouflage
3. (a) look (b) passed
?
, ? ,
.
. .
.
.
.
.
, .
, . ,
. ,
4~6 . ,
. !
, . ,
,
. ,
READING
EDGE
Reading 4 | Ergonomic Chairs
When you imagine a comfortable chair, what does it
look like? Big and cozy with a backrest, armrests and
lots of soft pillows? This may seem like the most
comfortable chair at first. But when it comes to chairs,
the level of comfort depends on the activity youre
performing while sitting down. A big, soft, pillowadorned chair is ideal for reading books. However, its
not the best chair for office workers.
In fact, a popular chair among office workers looks very
uncomfortable at first glance. Its part of the ergonomic
family of chairs. What does ergonomic mean? Its a
word that refers to furniture that provides excellent
support for your body. With no backrest, this chair has
a basic seat and a resting pad for your knees. This
unique design is meant to relieve back pain by taking
pressure off the back. It encourages the sitter to place
most of their weight on their knees instead. It also
makes it easier to keep your back straight while sitting.
When choosing an ergonomic chair, there are many
things to consider. You need to choose the best chair
for your body, so keep your height and weight in mind.
The seat should be made of a slightly padded material,
as a softer surface is easier to sit on for extended
periods of time. People generally like leather or vinyl
because it is easy to clean, but these materials can
often heat up causing discomfort. Many people choose
mesh or another breathable material instead. Lastly,
make sure the chair fits in your workspace. Although
larger chairs seem more inviting, they are not always
the most practical choice.
So if you are someone who spends a lot of time in front
of a desk writing, reading, or computing, why not
consider purchasing an ergonomic chair? If you want to
try before you buy, just stop by your local office
supplier. Or, for a better price, you can find some great
deals online!
+ ergonomic

,
? , ,
? .
,
. .
, .
,
10
. .
? .
,
.
. .
.
, .
, .
,
.
, .
.
, .
,
.
, ,
, ?
, . ,
, !
Expressions
when it comes to ~
at first glance *love at first glance
refer to
keep~ in mind ~
fit in , ( , )

This unique design / is meant to relieve back pain / by
taking pressure off the back.
/ /

be meant to + (~ /)
= be intended(designed) to +
Words
/ / / / /
1.
2.
3. (a) to relieve (b) purchasing
READING
EDGE
Reading 5 | Space Kimchi
Imagine a picture of an astronaut eating vanilla icecream, fried rice or even kimchi. New varieties of food
items, such as instant noodles and kimchi, are slowly
making their way into space. It is good news for
astronauts since theyll no longer have to miss spicy
food during their mission. Finally, after years of
research, South Korean scientists and food companies
created the first Korean recipes fit for space travel.
These new culinary additions accompanied Koreas
first astronaut into space in Spring, 2008.
Kimchi, Koreas most popular side dish, was not a
good candidate for space travel at first. This is due to
the high level of bacteria it contains. This friendly
bacteria has many health benefits here on Earth, but
could become disastrous in space. Scientists fear that
the bacteria could mutate, causing illness to astronauts
or damage to the spacecraft. If the kimchi began to
ferment out of control while in space, it could explode
out of its package. These kinds of risks cannot be
taken. Therefore, all space food, including kimchi, must
be sterilized to deactivate the bacteria. Scientists are
now using radiation to kill bacteria, making it safer for
space travel.
You may be wondering if this new variation has the
same taste and health benefits that traditional kimchi is
known for. The answer is: Yes! Despite the radiation,
space kimchi retains almost all of the flavor of regular
kimchi. It is still high in fiber as well, which will help
promote healthy digestion among astronauts. In
addition, the odor of the new kimchi has been
dramatically reduced, making it more suited to an
enclosed space. Thanks to these new breakthroughs,
eating kimchi in space will no longer be a figment of the
imagination!

, ,
.
.
. ,
,
. 2008
.

. .

, .
,
. ,
. .
Answer Key

.
.

. !
, .
. ,
, .
,
!
Expressions
make ones way into ~
due to ~
out of control
be known for ~
a figment of ones imagination

In addition, / the odor of the new kimchi / has been
dramatically reduced, / making it more suited / to an
enclosed space.
/ / /
/
making~
.
Words
culinary / candidate / mutate / ferment / deactivate /
enclosed / figment
2. illness / damage to the spaceship
1.
3. health benefits / thanks to / radiation /
fermentation process / regular kimchi
Review
A. 1. relieve 2. affect 3. candidate 4. impact
5. predator
B.
A
1. look similar to
2. keep in mind
3. take a risk
4. blend in with
B
remember
put oneself in danger
be difficult to pick out
resemble
C. 1. up 2. know 3. out 4. after 5. way

D. 1. indecisive 2. superiority 3. unappetizing
4. deactivate 5. breakthrough
E. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mini Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
11
Unit 3 History & Culture

Reading 1 | Fireworks
Looking up into the night sky on any major holiday, you
may be awed by beautiful displays of light. Since their
invention in China during the Han Dynasty, fireworks
have become a universal method of celebration. They
have come a long way since their humble beginnings.
.
.
,
.
.
Expressions
In their infancy, fireworks were very basic. Early
fireworks were only available in white or gold tones and
limited shapes. Gunpowder was put inside bamboo
shafts and set alight, creating an impressive bang and
glow. At that time, people believed that the dramatic
noise and the glow would ward off evil spirits and
enemies.
In the late 14th century, Italian explorer, Marco Polo
brought fireworks technology to Europe, where it
improved greatly. By the 1830s Italians discovered that
different colors and effects could be created by adding
chemicals to the gunpowder. Thanks to their discovery,
a range of colorful displays wow audiences today.
come a long way

ward off ,
in addition to ~
set off ~
go off ,
in time with the music

Computer synchronization / allows fireworks to go off / in
time with the music / to create an unforgettable show.
/ /
/
to create ~ ~
In addition to new colors and shapes, fireworks

nowadays are accompanied by beautiful music. Most
major celebrations set off pyrotechnics by computer,
not by hand as in the past. Computer synchronization
allows fireworks to go off in time with the music to
create an unforgettable show. Many countries have
elaborate and expensive annual fireworks displays,
which fascinate both locals and tourists around the
world.
+ pyrotechnics ,
,
. ,
. ,
.
, .
. ,
. ,
.
14
, . 1830

. ,
.
,
12
.
allow + + to
Words
/ , () / , / , /
, / / ,
1.
2. where
3. T F T
READING
EDGE
Reading 2 | Namdeamoon
The recent arson of the 600-year-old gate at
Namdaemoon has affected Koreans of all ages. It has
also sparked the question: How can Korea protect its
valuable cultural assets from further destruction? One
option is to create a group to keep a watchful eye on
Koreas remaining cultural treasures, ensuring their
protection. Other countries have formed similar
movements in the past with great success.
Since 1895, a civic group, called the National Trust, has
worked to preserve and protect the coastline,
countryside and buildings of England, Wales and
Northern Ireland. It acts as a guardian of the nation,
protecting the treasures and heritage of the United
Kingdom. Thanks to their diligence, its not surprising to
find an abundance of well-preserved history as we travel
across the U.K.
Now may be the time for Koreans to turn sorrow into
positive action by forming a similar group to vigilantly
protect Koreas remaining heritage. With a designated
form of protection in place, Koreans can feel secure that
their heritage and treasures will be kept alive for the
enjoyment of future generations.
Answer Key
Expressions
keep a watchful eye on ~
act as ~
thanks to ~
turn A into B A B
in place ,

One option / is to create a group / to keep a watchful eye
on Koreas remaining cultural treasures, / ensuring their
protection.
/ /
/
be is to ( to create ~ ) , to
to keep ~ ~
.
keep an eye on ~
Words
/ , / , / / /
, /
1.
2. well-preserved
3. Paragraph 1
600
. .

?
, .
.
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
The occurrence of a tragic

event
The lesson that Koreans
should learn from this event
Efforts to preserve a national
heritage by creating a civic
group
1895 , , ,
.
, .

.

.
,
.
13
READING
EDGE
Reading 3 | Mosuo, the Last Matriarchal Society
Near the beautiful sapphire Lugu Lake in China, there is
a small and unique ethnic group called the Mosuo. The
Mosuo are one of the last societies in the world in
which a woman rules the clan. The current estimated
population of Mosuo is around 50,000 people.
What makes this group unique is that the Mosuo
culture is described as matriarchal, where a woman is
the head of the clan. Usually, they tend to trace their
lineage through the female side of their family. The
matriarch is so important that the family may even
adopt a woman from another family to take over the
house, if there is no one to inherit the family.
At about thirteen years of age, after the ceremony of
initiation, girls are considered to be full members of the
clan and are given keys to their own rooms.
Traditionally, a Mosuo woman who is interested in a
particular man will invite him to come after dark and
spend the night with her in her room. The man has the
right to visit his love at night in her private chamber in
the house of her clan. But the next morning at dawn he
must leave. He has no right to live with her, or even to
eat at her home. When a child is born, the child is
raised by his or her mother in her house.
Even with all their fidelity to tradition, things are
changing very quickly in the Mosuo culture. It is not
uncommon to find at least one or two homes in a
village that have a satellite antenna in the courtyard.
Who knows how long it will be before Starbucks or
McDonalds appear in the village as well? Change has
had a significant impact on the Mosuo culture.
,
,
.
. 5
.

.
.

.
13 ,
. ,

.
14
.
. ,
. ,
.
,
.
.
?
.
Expressions
tend to ~
take over , *takeover ()

What makes this group unique / is that the Mosuo culture
is described / as matriarchal, / where a woman is the
head of the clan.
/ ~
/ / .
What that
. Where .
Words
, / / , / ,
/ / , / ,
1.
2.
3. (b) (which where in which )
READING
EDGE
Reading 4 | Afternoon Tea
Imagine youve just arrived at Heathrow Airport in
London this afternoon. Your body needs some rest and
youre craving something sweet. Its a good time to be
in London. Look for Londons sumptuous Grand Hotel,
nearby. Sipping tea while relaxing in a comfortable sofa
and enjoying the setting sun will make you feel like the
Queen.
For over 150 years, afternoon tea has been part of
British tradition. How did this tradition get started? In
the early 19th century, people usually took only two
meals a day. Naturally, people felt hungry waiting so
long between meals. It was Anna, the 7th Duchess of
Bedford, who first started having afternoon tea. Anna,
who experienced a sinking feeling during the late
afternoon, ordered her staff to bring her a pot of tea,
bread, and cakes to appease her appetite. Of course,
most Londoners couldnt afford this luxury. This
became the fashion among Londons upper class,
leading to the opening of tea houses in London.
London has many world famous hotels, which serve
afternoon tea with mouth-watering finger sandwiches,
warm scones, and pastries on a gorgeous tray. Just
pay a visit there to feel the elegance and luxury of a
bygone age. Before you go, remember the following
tips. Tea time falls between 3 and 5 oclock, and some
hotels require bookings to be made weeks or even
months in advance. Most hotels dont require formal
attire, but some still insist on it. Make sure to check the
dress code before you leave the house. In some
venues, men will not be allowed in without a tie, so
dont even think about wearing jeans and sneakers!
Answer Key
, ,

.. .
, . 3 5 ,
, .
,
. . ,
,
!
Expressions
lead to ( )
pay a visit
in advance
insist on ,

Anna, / who experienced a sinking feeling during the late
afternoon, / ordered her staff to bring her a pot of tea,
bread, and cakes / to appease her appetite.
/
/
/
Anna, who
.
order+ + to (~ ~ )
Words
, / / , /
/ /
1.
2.
3. felt hungry

.
.
. .

.
150 , .
? 19 ,
. ,
. 7
.
,
,
. ,
. ,
.
15
READING
EDGE
Reading 5 | Unbelievable Ancient Surgeons
In 1960, the discovery of an ancient papyrus revealed
that the ancient Egyptians performed surgery on
wounds. The papyrus shows that ancient Egyptian
surgeons had a basic understanding of human organs
and were able to reduce the chances of infection by
removing minor cysts and tumors with the use of
various herbs. It describes how to stitch up an open
wound using an acacia thorn as a needle. Though their
methods were crude in comparison to modern
medicine, ancient Egyptian surgeons were leagues
ahead of others during their time.
Since the daily lives of the ancient Egyptians involved a
great deal of hard labor, injuries were common. In the
case of damage to an arm or a leg which could not be
repaired, the limb would be removed completely. The
Egyptian doctors performed surgery using tools such
as knives, drills, saws, hooks, and forceps. They even
used a vase with burning incense as an early form of
aromatherapy. The use of hot copper medical
instruments to cut out damaged tissue and to seal
blood vessels was also common practice.
Interestingly, surgeons in ancient Egypt had two jobs.
They were both priests and doctors, combining ritual
with medicine. They believed that sickness was caused
by the wrath of the gods or an evil spirit entering the
body. Thus, they used various magic spells and
remedies to guard against evil spirits and help cure the
sick.
+ cyst

1960,
.

.
.
,
.

, .
, . , , , ,
.
.
.
, .
16
, .
.
,
.
Expressions
in comparison to~ ~
a great deal of ~ ~
in the case of ~ ~

Though their methods were crude / in comparison to
modern medicine, / ancient Egyptian surgeons / were
leagues ahead of others / during their time.
/ /
/ /
ahead of ~ ,
Words
infection / tumor / crude / incense / ritual / wrath /
remedy
2. which
1.
3. medical / forefathers / sophisticated / result /
misconception
Review
A. 1. method 2. heritage 3. initiation 4. attire
5. damage
B. 1. humble
racial
2. valuable
worthy
3. ethnic
skilled
4. experienced
ceremonial
5. ritual
modest
C. 1. of
2. from
3. on
4. to
5. in
D. 1. various 2. remaining 3. estimated 4. booking

E. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mini Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Unit 4 Art & Festival

Reading 1 | Prom Party
In the States, Prom is by far the largest event in an
adolescents life. At the end of the final year of high
school it is common to see graduates in tuxedos or
beautiful ball gowns and hairdos. Why is Prom such a
big deal? Not only is it the final graduation party of high
school, it also symbolizes a coming of age that begins
the road to adulthood.
As Senior Prom draws closer, the main concerns for
graduates are what to wear, who their date will be, and
transportation to the big event. Since it is a formal
event, all the men wear black tie attire and the women
wear beautiful gowns. Graduates also travel in style,
most arriving in stretch limousines. Male graduates will
often go to great lengths to ask their dates to Prom.
Some even ask the big question in skywriting, where a
plane loops and swirls in the air, spelling out Will you
be my Prom date? in smoke in the middle of the sky.
These days, it is not uncommon for the girls to reverse
the role and invite a guy to Prom.
During the event there is an elaborate dinner, dancing,
and the Prom King and Queen are crowned. You may
wonder how the King and Queen are selected. Over
their senior year, high school students participate in
many school events such as extracurricular clubs and
activities. The people most likely to be crowned Prom
King and Queen are popular and very involved in
school activities.
Answer Key
,
.
, .
Expressions
by far ,
not only A (but) also B A B
in style ,
go to great lengths

Some even ask the big question / in skywriting /, where a
plane loops and swirls in the air, / spelling out Will you be
my Prom date? in smoke / in the middle of the sky.
/ /
/ ?
/

some, ask, where
.
Words
() 3, / / / /
, /
1. (d) 2. arriving involved 3. T T F

.

. ?
,
.
,
, ,
. ,
, .
, .
.
,
?

. ,
.
,
. .
17
READING
EDGE
Reading 2 | The Batik Style of Cloth Dyeing
Have you ever wondered how detailed drawings can be
created on cloth? The Batik style of cloth dyeing is a
special technique used to create beautiful pictures and
elaborate designs on pieces of cloth, turning them into
works of art. Batik originated over 2000 years ago, but
variations of this technique are still used today. Batik art
is particularly popular in Java, Indonesia, an area which is
renowned for its beautiful textiles. So how is Batik cloth
art made?
First, beeswax is heated until it becomes liquid. It is then
painted onto the fabric using a tiny metal funnel attached
to a small stick, similar to a fountain pen. The waxcovered areas resist dyes, sealing in the original color for
the remainder of the dyeing process. Next, the cloth is
dyed; a new color and more wax is applied. The artist
will repeat this process of waxing and dyeing many
times. Although the concept is simple, the designs can
be as imaginative and intricate as the artist likes. The key
is to begin with the lightest colors and work up to the
darkest. This way, a multitude of colors can be used.
These days more advanced techniques are used,
including stencils and computerization. These advances
allow Batik cloth art to be mass produced quickly and
inexpensively. But, like all mass produced products, the
new Batik lacks a certain originality. However, those who
want traditional hand-made Batik cloth need not worry.
There are still many Batik artists around the world who
continue to produce these one-of-a-kind cloth
masterpieces.
.

. ,
.
.
.
Expressions
be renowned for ~
similar to ~
begin with ~
a multitude of ~
one-of-a-kind ,

The Batik style of cloth dyeing / is a special technique /
used to create beautiful pictures and elaborate designs /
on pieces of cloth, / turning them into works of art.
/ /
/ /
The Batik ~dyeing used to technique

. turning and used
to turn~ .
Words
/ / / / , /
1. ,
2. (c) (sealed sealing)
3. Paragraph 1
the process of making
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
what Batic cloth art is

the modernization of Batik
Batik cloth art

?

. 2000
.
, .
?
, .
.
,
. ,
.
. ,
.
.
.
18
cloth art
READING
EDGE
Reading 3 | Edgar Degas Paintings
Sometimes, looking at an artists painting will tell you
more than you expect. Edgar Degas painting
portraying ballerinas will transport you to a ballet hall in
Paris.
Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas(1834-1917) was one of
the most perceptive painters in the history of art. As his
six hundred images of ballet dancers represent, he
depicted the scenes precisely as he saw them.
Though he was, and still, is generally classed with the
Impressionists, his unique style of paintings made him
stand out. Personally, he wanted to be regarded as a
Realist.
One day, Edgar Degas met his friends and admirers
and they decided to visit a cafe. When one of his
admirers tried to call a horse-drawn cab, Degas
refused and said. I dont like cabs. You dont see
anyone. Thats why I love to ride on the omnibus
you can look at people. We were created to look at one
another, werent we?
Answer Key
Expressions
stand out ,
be regarded as ~
Thats why ~
one another
make every effort

As reflected by this episode, / he made every effort / to
capture fleeting moments / of perfect movement and
spontaneous gesture.
/ /
/
as~, ~
it was .
Words
, / / / /
/ / ,
As reflected by this episode, he made every effort to

capture fleeting moments of perfect movement and
spontaneous gesture. Its not surprising that Degas
ballet dancers and other portraits are ranked among
the finest in the entire history of art.
1.
2. Realist, Impressionist
3. (a) portraying (b) fleeting
+ Impressionist

.
.
(1834-1917)
. 600
, .
,
. ,
.
,
. ,
. . .
. .
, ?
,
.
19
READING
EDGE
Reading 4 | In Memory of Rostropovich
In Memory of Rostropovich, the Greatest Cellist
of Our Time
London Symphony Orchestra
Patron: HM The Queen
Tuesday, April 01, 2008
Barbican Center
Britten Four Sea Interludes from Peter Grimes,
OP 33a
Schumann Cello Concerto in A minor, OP 129
Intermission: twenty minutes
Prokofiev Symphony Concerto for Cello and
Orchestra, OP 125
.
. 1927
, .
, . 1942 ,
1961 .
. , 26
90 .
2007 .
.
Expressions
human rights activist
A as well as B B A
at the age of ~ ~
bestow A upon(on) B A B
Colin Davis conductor

Steven Isserlis cello
Mstislav Rostropovich(1927-2007) was a legendary
musician and human rights activist. He was an
energetic conductor as well as a mentor and inspiration
to young gifted cellists and composers. Born into a
famous musical family in 1927 in the former USSR, he
began studying the piano at the age of four. When he
was eight, he switched to the cello. In 1942, he made
his cello debut, then went on to make his conducting
debut in 1961. During his lifetime he received the Stalin
Prize and was named a Peoples Artist of the former
USSR. In addition, many honorary degrees and over 90
major awards were bestowed upon him by 26 different
nations. He passed away in 2007.
There will be a reception in the main lobby
following the performance.

,

:
2008 4 1

: < >, 4 OP 33a
: A OP 129
- 20
: , OP 125
:
:
(1927-2007)
20
)
pass away (

He was an energetic conductor / as well as a mentor /
and inspiration / to young gifted cellists and composers.
/ / /

an energetic conductor, a mentor, inspiration
.
Words
/ / , / / / ,
1.
2.
3. (a) energetic (b) inspiration
READING
EDGE
Answer Key
Reading 5 | Sapporo Snow Festival
If you saw a life-sized dinosaur on the streets of Japan,

would you pinch yourself? You may not be dreaming!
During the Sapporo Snow Festival, amazing snow and
ice sculptures transform the city into a winter
wonderland. From the breathtaking snow sculptures at
Odori Park, to the magnificent ice sculptures at
Susukino, the festival attracts millions of visitors every
year. Although the festival began simply, with six
students building snow sculptures at Odori Park back in
1955, the Sapporo Snow Festival has become Japans
largest winter event.

.
, .
? 300
, !
In years where there hasnt been enough snow to

sustain the festival, the community gets a helping hand
from the soldiers at the local Makokmanai Base. This
Self-Defense Force, who made the festival famous by
building the first giant snow sculpture, consider
transporting additional snow to the site a rewarding
training exercise.
The festival has even gone on during times of energy
crisis where the snow had to be transported by hand
because there was not enough gasoline to transport it
by truck. Thanks to Mother Nature and some manpower, the festival has enough snow to carry on every
year. Why is so much snow needed? Well, around 300
sculptures are built for the festival every year, so do the
math... thats a lot of snow!
Although it is a competition, the Sapporo Snow Festival
has become a fun and creative way to build
international relations and help people work as a team.
Many countries participate in the festival, achieving a
multicultural atmosphere. Attending the festival can be
a real learning experience. During the festival, people
can express cultural messages from their country, while
making friends from around the world. Even if you dont
win an award, you can still gain a lot from attending this
unique event. So next time youre in Japan in February,
keep your eyes peeled you just may see a
Brontosaurus!

,
? ! ,
.
,
,
. , 1955
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
, .
. ,
,
. ,
. 2
,
!
Expressions
transform A into B A B
get a helping hand from ~
carry on
participate in ~

In years / where there hasnt been enough snow / to
sustain the festival, / the community gets a helping hand /
from the soldiers / at the local Makokmanai Base.
/ / /
/ /
where ~ the festival years .
Words
breathtaking / magnificent / sustain / transport /
rewarding / crisis / competition
2.
1.
3. tourists / not only / participate in / at first / recognition
Review
A. 1. magnificent 2. reverse 3. sustain 4. spontaneous
5. intricate
B.
A
1. capture
2. variation
3. energetic
4. patron
C. 1. for
2. as, as
B
lively
catch
change
supporter
3. in
4. out
D. 1. legendary 2. fleeting 3. perceptive 4. bestowed

5. multitude
E. 1.
2.
3.
4.
Mini Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
21
Unit 5 Mythology & Origin

Reading 1 | The Origin of Bungee Jumping
Expressions
What first comes to mind when thinking of bungee

jumping? An exciting and thrilling sport? The origin of
this sport is not just fun and exciting. Bungee jumping
dates back hundreds of years to Pentecost Island in
the South Pacific. Young men of the Vanuatu nation
built 100-foot-high towers from which they jumped,
with strong, carefully-measured vines tied around their
ankles. This event, which became known as land
diving, was a rite of passage into manhood.
come to mind
However, that is somewhat paradoxical since land

diving, locally called nagol, was started at Bunlap
village by a woman. Her name has been forgotten, but
legend has it that she was the abused wife of a man
named Tamalie. She ran deep into the jungle and
climbed a tree. When Tamalie found her, she
threatened to jump.
To prove his love, he said he would leap, too. She
jumped, having secretly tied vines to her ankles. He
jumped, knowing nothing about the vines. The vines
saved her. He, of course, died. Women reenacted the
jump for years after that. Then male village elders
decided this female rite was bad for the spirit of
Tamalie and ruled that, henceforth, men would be
doing all the jumping.

?
? .

. 100(30) ,

.

.
,

.
,
. .
, .
, .
.
. . .
.
,
.
22
date back to ~
Legend has it (that) (~)
tie A to B A B
henceforth , ,

Young men of the Vanuatu nation / built 100-foot-high
towers / from which they jumped, / with strong, carefullymeasured vines tied around their ankles.
/ 100(30) /
/
which towers from which
where . with
~
.
Words
, / , / , / /
/
1.
2.
3. T F F
READING
EDGE
Answer Key
Reading 2 | Bite the Bullet
Expressions
If someone is told to bite the bullet, they are advised

to accept their punishment today.
in old times
focus A on B A B
be made of ~
However, in old times, bullets were given to soldiers to

bite on to help them endure pain. At that time, most
surgeries were desperate and painful affairs with the
patient fully conscious and feeling the pain. To ease the
suffering, the patient was given a couple of stiff belts or
whiskey to numb the senses, then given a stick or lead
bullet to bite down on as the surgeon went to work
with a knife or a saw. The bullet or stick was given to let
the patient focus their energy and attention on the
biting instead of the cutting and pain. It may also have
helped to reduce the screaming, which probably
benefited the surgeon and attendants.
Why bite on a bullet? Made of lead, bullets are
malleable. Although quite strong, they will actually
deform somewhat when bitten hard. Hence, teeth
would not break as would likely happen from biting a
stone, for example. Bullets are also readily available in
times of war, when this type of surgery is frequently
called for. Bite the bullet may have originated in the
civil war.
call for ,

To ease the suffering, / the patient was given / a couple of
stiff belts or whiskey / to numb the senses, / then given a
stick or lead bullet / to bite down on / as the surgeon
went to work / with a knife or a saw.
/ / /
/ /
/ /
To ease~
, then given
was . as~

.
Words
, / , / , / /
/ () / ,
1.
2. (e)
3.

,
.

. ,
.
,

.
.
,
.
? .
.

.
.
.
23
READING
EDGE
Reading 3 | The Crystal Skull
Expressions
Have you ever seen a psychic carrying a crystal skull to

foretell the future and heal sick people in the movies?
This may have more impact because skulls are
humanitys foremost symbol of death. Do such
mysterious crystal skulls exist in reality? Yes, thirteen
crystal skulls of apparently ancient origin have been
found in parts of Mexico, Central America and South
America, making them one of the most fascinating
subjects of 20th century archaeology.
in reality ,
These skulls, found near the ancient ruins of Mayan

and Aztec civilizations, are a mystery as profound as
the Pyramids of Egypt, the Nazca Lines of Peru, and
Stonehenge, for their remarkable magical and healing
powers. But nobody really knows where they came
from or what they were used for. Were they left behind
after the destruction of a lost civilization, such as
Atlantis? Are they simply modern fakes or can they
really enable us to see deeply into the past and predict
the future?
be used for ~
leave behind
as as ~ ~ ( )

They seem to defy logic / because its impossible / for any
sculptor/ to carve them / as they are / without breaking
them, / even with the use of lasers and other high-tech
cutting techniques.
/ /
/ / /
/
because it to carve
, for any sculptor to .
Words
, / / / / / /
/ , / ,
Much research is currently being done on the skulls.

However, their origin is still an unsolved mystery. They
seem to defy logic because its impossible for any
sculptor to carve them as they are without breaking
them, even with the use of lasers and other high-tech
cutting techniques.

?
.
? ,
,
20 .

,
, .
.
?

?
. ,
.

.
24
1. mysterious / origin
2.
3. predict
READING
EDGE
Reading 4 | Plastic Surgery
Many people think plastic surgery gets its name from
the plastic used to do the job. But the plastic in
plastic surgery actually comes from the Greek word
plastikos, which means to shape or form something.
Can it be then assumed that plastic surgery began with
the Greeks? In fact, it is much older. There is evidence
that it was practiced thousands of years ago by ancient
physicians in India.
In ancient India, noses were regarded as symbols of
pride. For this reason, they proved to be tempting
targets during warfare. Many people whose noses got
injured in war needed to get them reconstructed. In
addition, there were also a large number of noses
damaged by punishment for legal offenses at that time.
Cutting off the nose which was a source of pride to
Indians was considered a proper and suitable
punishment for offenses. To reshape the noses,
surgeons removed skin from the persons cheek or
forehead, and folded it down.
Believe it or not, this early form of the nose job is
believed to be amazingly successful, except for the
resulting scar on the cheek or forehead.
Answer Key
Expressions
come from ~ , ~
regard A as B A B
in addition ,
believe it or not
except for ~

Cutting off the nose / which was a source of pride to
Indians / was considered a proper and suitable
punishment / for offenses.
/ /
/
Cutting was considered . Which ~ to
Indians nose .
Words
/ , / / , /
/ , / ,
1.
2. (b)
3.

(plastic surgery)
.
plastic
plastikos
.
? , .
.
, . ,
.
. ,
.

. ,
.
,
.
25
READING
EDGE
Reading 5 | Psyche and Her Love
Many people have heard the dramatic love story of
Eros and Psyche. According to Greek mythology,
Psyche was a mortal woman whose beauty rivaled that
of the goddess Aphrodite. Psyche was so beautiful that
it discouraged suitors. She couldnt find any man to
marry her because they all thought of her as a
goddess. On her journey to find a husband she
unknowingly fell in love with Aphrodites son, Eros, also
known as Cupid.
Psyche was so extraordinarily beautiful that men would
worship her instead of the Goddess of beauty,
Aphrodite. This made Aphrodite so angry that she sent
her son, Eros to make Psyche fall in love with him, and
trick her into marrying a horrible monster. But instead
of obeying his mother, Eros fell in love with Psyche and
visited her every night.
Eros insisted on keeping his identity secret and didnt
allow Psyche to see him. However, Psyches two
jealous sisters advised her to find out her lovers
identity. Following their advice, Psyche discovered that
her lover was Eros. Once discovered, Eros left Psyche.
When their love affair was discovered, Psyche suffered
the wrath of Aphrodite. Aphrodite bombarded Psyche
with a number of difficult tasks. For example, she had
to separate many different varieties of grains in a short
time. She also had to collect golden fleece from
dangerous rams, and retrieve beauty from Persephone
in the Underworld.
Finally, Psyche and Eros were reunited. Aphrodite
forgave Psyche, and Psyche became immortal.
This love story is a symbol of the one thing that we all
have that can be studied but perhaps never fully
understood. Something that is given to us, but can
never be taken away the human spirit. Despite
tremendous obstacles, Psyche persisted in her search
for the love which made her soul complete. The
curiosity of Psyche is just one of many human qualities
that psychologists seek to study: curiosity, envy, love,
compassion, and perseverance.

.
,
.
.
.
,
.

.

.
, .

. ,
26
.
. ,
.
,
. .
, .

.
, .
, .
,
, .
, - .
,
.
- , , ,
- .
Expressions
according to ~
fall in love with ~
trick A into ~ing A ~
insist on ~ , (= persist in)
take away ,

This made Aphrodite so angry / that she sent her son,
Eros, / to make Psyche fall in love with him / and trick her
into marrying a horrible monster.
/
/ /

so ~ that... ( ~ ) that to make
(to) trick to . trick to
.
Words
mythology / suitor / wrath / retrieve / extraordinarily /
worship / identity / immortal / persist / perseverance
2.
1.
3. mythological / symbolizes / nature / Psychologists /
curiosity
Review
A. 1. surgery 2. defy 3. profound 4. rivals 5. mythology
B.
A
B
1. rite
not genuine
2. fake
formal ceremony
3. leap
jump
C. 1. with 2. it, that 3. with 4. on
D. 1. available 2. extraordinarily 3. mysterious
4. tempting 5. perseverance
E. 1.
2.
3.
4.
Mini Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
27
28

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Table of Contents READING EDGE SMART 1

2. Science & Technology

3. History & Culture

4. Art & Festival

5. Mythology & Origin

1. Melting Pot or Salad Bowl?

2. Online Profile -10

3. The Advice Column -12

3. Sisters and Rivals

4. Teens Future Jobs -14

4. Gone with Technology

5. Fighting the Five-finger

1. Blood Type Theory -24

2. Artificial Limbs -26

2. Another Style of Olympics

3. The Leafy Sea Dragon -28

4. Ergonomic Chairs -30

5. Space Kimchi -32

3. Mosuo: The Last

4. Afternoon Tea -46

4. Tea Party on a Ship?

1. Prom Party -56

2. The Batik Style of

2. What Colors Can

3. The Art of Capturing

5. Sapporo Snow Festival -64

2. Bite the Bullet -74

2. Other Phrases of Military Origin

3. The Crystal Skull -76

3. OOPArt (Out-of-place artifact)

4. Plastic Surgery -78

4. The History of Cosmetics

5. Psyche and Her Love -80

Kinds of Verbs -36

Relative Clauses -52

Transition Words -84

Were Reading EDGE Smart Features

READING EDGE SMART 1~2

READING EDGE SMART 3~4

READING EDGE SMART 5~6

Korean SAT test based

In-depth reading skill based

Essential skills for preparing

Students are encouraged to read the definitions in English,

After reading each passage, students are advised to answer

This section provides additional

This section gives students a chance

Read the following and answer the questions.

Join us for a Multicultural Evening

The Multicultural Society of Unity High School

Read the following and translate them into Korean.

multicultural: involving people or ideas from different cultures

racism: unfair treatment of people because they belong to a different race

1. Who is this advertisement for?

2. Which is NOT grammatically correct? Choose one from (a) to (e).

3. Write T if the statement is true. Write F if it is false.

The Multicultural Society is looking for some volunteers.

This event shows that different cultures can co-exist harmoniously.

Melting Pot or Salad Bowl?

Melting pot is a term used to describe a multicultural society. In a melting pot,

Read the following and answer the questions.

Read the following and translate them into Korean.

complex: detailed, not simple