Igcse e Electricity With MSC

IGCSE EDEXCEL
ELECTRICITY
4 Some students are investigating a simple electric motor.
(a) When the switch is closed the coil spins on the axle. State why.
(2)
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(b) State two changes that would make the motor spin faster.
(2)
1...........................................................................................................................................
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2 .........................................................................................................................................
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(c) The students change their circuit, replacing the cell and switch with a lamp.
When they spin the coil by hand, the lamp lights. Explain why the lamp lights.
(2)
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(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)
10 A student investigates how the resistance of a thermistor changes with temperature.

He measures a current and a voltage. The diagram shows part of the circuit that the
student uses.
(a) (i) Label the thermistor on the diagram.
(1)
(ii) Add to the diagram to show how a voltmeter should be connected.
(2)
(b) The student varies the temperature of the thermistor and obtains the results below.
Temperature in C 0
Current in mA
20
40
60
80
100
0.8 2.0 4.2 8.2 15.1 26.6
(i) State the equation linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)
(ii) The voltage across the thermistor is 12 V.
Calculate the resistance of the thermistor at 20 C.
(2)
Resistance = ..............................
(iii) Use the results from the table opposite to plot a graph of current against
temperature.
(5)
(iv) Use your graph to describe how the current in the thermistor changes as the
temperature increases.
(2)
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(v) The student concludes:
Evaluate this conclusion.

(2)
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3 The photograph shows a worker fuelling an aircraft.
Fuelling an electrically-charged aircraft can be dangerous. The worker connects a safety

wire to the aircraft before adding the fuel.
(a) Explain how an aircraft can become electrically charged while it is flying.
(2)
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(b) Describe a possible danger of fuelling an electrically-charged aircraft.
(1)
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(c) What electrical connection is made by the safety wire?
(1)
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(d) Explain how connecting the safety wire reduces the possible dangers when fuelling
an electrically-charged aircraft.
(2)
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2. (a) One of the building blocks of communication systems is the transducer.

(i) Name two other building blocks.
1 .............................................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Explain the function of a transducer.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) The block diagram shows the sound system for a concert hall.
(i) The performance
can be recorded
using a digital system or an analogue system.

Give one example of the type of storage used in each system.
digital .....................................................................................................................
analogue .................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) The diagram shows a loudspeaker.
Explain how the loudspeaker works.

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(4)
(Total 10 marks)
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
(a) (i) Any two from:

encoder;
modulator;
decoder / demodulator;
storage;
5. transmitter;
6. amplifier;
7. receiver
(ii) An explanation to include:
1. change energy / signal;
2. from one form to another;
[Or specific example viz sound signal to electrical signal]
(b) (i) digital - CD / mp3 player / ipod / hard drive / memory stick /
chip etc; analogue - vinyl record player / magnetic tape / tape recorder / tape /
cassette recorder / record;
(ii) An explanation to include three from:
1. current in coil;
2. produces magnetic field;
3. fixed magnetic field;
4. force produced on coil / coil moves;
5. alternating current in coil / moves backwards;
6. changing magnetic field in coil;
7. relating movement diaphragm to producing sound (detail needed);
plus one communication mark for ensuring that spelling, punctuation
and grammar are accurate, so that the meaning is clear
Total 10 marks
6. The diagram shows part of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO).
(a) Explain how the electron gun produces a beam of electrons.

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(4)
(b) An alternating voltage is connected to the CRO. The time base is switched on. The
diagram shows the trace on the screen.
The vertical scale is set at 5 V/cm. The time base setting is 10 ms/cm.
(i) Use this information and the diagram to calculate the maximum value of the
alternating voltage
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(2)
the frequency of the alternating voltage.
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(3)
(ii) The time base is switched off. Draw the new trace on the diagram above.
(1)
(Total 10 marks)
6. (a) An explanation to include three from:
1. accelerated by anode / attracted / pulled across / OWTTE;
2. heated filament / hot cathode / OWTTE;
3. electrons boiled off / electrons emitted / thermionic emission;
plus one communication mark for using a suitable structure and style of
writing (two linked ideas)
(b) (i) the maximum value of the alternating voltage
3x5;
= 15;
[If 30(V) 1 mark only]
the frequency of the alternating voltage
7 x 10 or 7 x 0.01;
1/their time
14.3 Hz;
(ii) straight vertical line on trace;
Total 10 marks
2. (a) Electrical heating is used in different ways, for example in an electric kettle.
Give two other examples of devices which use electrical heating.
1 ....................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) Electricity can be dangerous. Safety features such as fuses are often used. Give two
other examples of electrical safety features.
1 ....................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c) Explain why it is dangerous to touch an electric socket when your hands are wet.
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(2)
(d) A small object is stuck in an electric socket. Explain why it is dangerous to use a
metal screwdriver to remove it.
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(2)
(Total 8 marks)
8. Use words from the box to complete the sentences. You may use each word once,
more than once or not at all.
Attraction
neutrons
electrons
plastics
friction
protons
gravity
metals
repulsion
Materials which do not conduct electricity, such as .............................. are known as

insulators. They may be charged by ...............................
Positive charge on a material is due to .............................. being removed from its
surface and negative charge is due to .............................. being added to its surface.
The forces between unlike charges are forces of ...............................
(Total 5 marks)
10. A circuit contains a resistor R, a thermistor and a buzzer connected to a cell as

shown. The circuit can be used as a simple fire alarm.
(a) (i) Complete the sentence.
When temperature increases, the resistance of a thermistor ........................................

(1)
(ii) What happens to the current in the circuit when the temperature increases?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) (i) State the equation which relates voltage, current and resistance.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) When temperature increases, does the voltage across R stay the same, increase or
decrease?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Explain your answer.
................................................................................................................................
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(2)
(c) The buzzer starts to sound when the voltage across R is a particular value. Add a
voltmeter to the circuit diagram to show how this voltage is measured.
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
15. (a) The diagram shows a step-up transformer.
(i) Calculate the value of the output voltage.

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Output voltage = ............................ V
(3)
(ii) Is the output voltage a.c. or d.c.?
....................
(1)
(b) The diagram below shows an electricity generation and transmission system. Stepup and step-down transformers are used.
On the dotted lines label these transformers U (step-up) or D (step-down).
(1)
2. (a) The diagram shows the inside of a three-pin plug.
The cable is secured by the grip so that it cannot be pulled out of the plug. Use words
from the box to complete the sentences.
frayed
high
long
thick
(i) Cables connected to plugs should not be too ........................................................

(1)
(ii) They should also not be .........................................................................................
(1)
(b) Describe the fault in the wiring of this plug.
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) A plug is fitted with a 5 A fuse and connected to a small radio with a plastic casing.
Explain
(i) why an earth wire is not needed,
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(1)
(ii) why the fuse is unlikely to blow.
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(1)
(d) Fuses and earth wires provide protection when faults develop in electrical
equipment.
Name one other electrical safety device.
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(1)
(Total 6 marks)
11. A student connects a light dependent resistor (LDR) to a battery.

(a) The current in the LDR is 0.050 A and its resistance is 90 in the dark.
(i) State the equation which relates current, resistance and voltage.
................................................................................................................................
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(1)
(ii) Calculate the voltage across the LDR. Show your working and give the unit.
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Voltage = ..................................................
(2)
(b) The LDR is moved to a position in the light. Choose words from the box to
complete the table. You may use each word once, more than once or not at all.
Decrease
Effect on
increase
stay the same
It will
the resistance of the LDR

the current in the LDR
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
12. (a) The diagram shows how a student

connects several components in a circuit. The student uses four identical 1.5 volt cells.
(i) Identify component Y.

................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) The reading on ammeter Z is 50 mA.
What is the reading in milliamps on each of the other two ammeters?
ammeter W = ......................... mA ammeter X = ......................... mA
(1)
(iii) The student expected the lamp to be brighter and the reading on the voltmeter to be
6.0 V.
The voltmeter is working correctly.
Give two reasons why the reading on the voltmeter is less than 6.0 V.
1 .............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
2 .............................................................................................................................
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(1)
(b) The graph shows how the current in a filament lamp varies with the voltage across
it.
Explain why the graph is not a straight line.

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(3)
(Total 7 marks)
14. (a) When you rub a polythene rod with a

woollen cloth the rod becomes negatively charged.
(i)
Complete the labels on the diagram.
(1)
(ii) Explain why the polythene rod then remains negatively charged for some time.
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(2)
(iii) If you rub a copper rod rather than a polythene rod, the copper rod will not stay
charged. Why not?
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(1)
(b) Complete the following.
When a petrol tanker is filled or emptied the build-up of charge can be dangerous.
This is because a ........................................ may occur and this can ignite the petrol
vapour and cause an explosion.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
3. The diagram shows a small screwdriver.
(a) (i) Which part, or parts, can conduct electricity easily? Put a cross () next to the
correct answer.
both parts
neither part
only the blade
only the handle
(1)
(ii) A child pushes the screwdriver into a mains electricity socket. This is very
dangerous. Why?
................................................................................................................................
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(1)
(b) Give an example of one device in the home in which electrical heating is used.
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(1)
(c) The diagram shows one kind of fuse.
(i) Electricity passes from one end of the fuse to the other. What path does it take?
................................................................................................................................
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(1)
(ii) When there is a current in the fuse a transfer of energy takes place. Complete the
boxes for this transfer.
.
Energy
energy
(2)
(iii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross in the correct box. When the current
increases, the temperature of the fuse will
decrease
increase
stay the same
(1)
(iv) Explain why fuses are used.
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(2)
(Total 9 marks)
6. A student uses a set of LEDs (light emitting diodes) to make a sign. Her sign can be
used to show different messages. The diagram shows FIRE EXIT as an example.
(a) (i) Are the LEDs connected in series or in parallel?

................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Explain.
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(1)
(b) There is only a very small current in each lit LED. Which unit is used for this
current? Put a cross in the correct box.
mA
mC
m
mV
(1)
(c) Each LED lets charge flow in only one direction. A direct current (d.c.) gives a flow
of charge in only one direction.
(i) Which word in the box means the rate of flow of charge?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Give an example of a d.c. supply.
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(1)
(d) What does the abbreviation a.c. mean?
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(1)
(Total 6 marks)
14. A class uses a step-up transformer in a model transmission line. The transformer is
shown below. The input voltage is 6 Va.c. and there are 20 primary turns.
(a) The output voltage is 24 Va.c. How many secondary turns does the transformer
have?
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Number of turns = ............................
(2)
(b) State how this transformer could be used as a step-down transformer.
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(1)
(c) A student wants to use an input voltage of 60 Va.c. Why does the teacher tell him
that this is not a good idea?
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(1)
(d) A step-up transformer is used just outside a power station to increase the voltage.
State why the voltage is increased.
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(1)
(Total 5 marks)
15. In electrostatic paint spraying, the surface being painted is given a negative charge.
The paint emerges from the paint sprayer carrying a positive charge.
(a) The diagram shows a metal frame being painted.
(i) Why is the paint attracted to the surface of

the frame?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) After one coat of this paint the paint is no longer attracted to the frame. Explainwhy
this is.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) A feature of electrostatic paint spraying is that the back of the metal frame is
painted. Explain why this happens.
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(1)
(c) A disadvantage of electrostatic paint spraying is that many other things like walls get
painted as well. Suggest how this can be avoided.
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(1)
(d) Name two other uses of electrostatic charges.
1 .....................................................................................................................................
2 .....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
3. (a) The diagram shows the electrical circuit symbol for a component called a light
dependent resistor.
(i) Which three letters are
used to name this component?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) How can you decrease the resistance of this component?
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(1)
(iii) How can you increase the resistance of this component?
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(1)
(b) The sketch graph shows how the resistance of an electrical component changes as its
temperature changes.
What is this component called?

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(1)
(c) The diagram shows an electrical circuit.
The resistance of the circuit can be changed.

(i) Name component X.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Put a cross next to the correct words to complete this statement. Only two crosses
should be used; one for resistance and one for current.
When the resistance is
decreased
increased
the current is
decreased
increased
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
9. (a) A student rubs a polythene rod with a woollen cloth. He finds that the rod gains a
negative charge.
(i) Complete the sentences.
The rod is charged by ............................................. .
Electrons have been transferred from the ............................................. to the
............................................. .
(2)
(ii) When the student rubs a metal rod with a woollen cloth he finds that this rod does
not become charged. Complete the sentence.
This is because the metal rod is a good ............................................. .
(1)
(b) Electrostatic charges can be dangerous when aircraft are being refuelled. Complete
the sentence.
The electrostatic charges may cause a ............................................. to pass and this may
result in the mixture of fuel vapour and air ............................................. .
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
11. A student uses a hair dryer. The hair dryers plug contains a fuse.
The diagram shows the fuse.

(a) Explain how the fuse prevents too large a current in the hair dryer.
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(2)
(b) The hair dryer is rated at 240 V, 1500W. Calculate the current rating in amps of the
hair dryer.
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Current = ....................................A
(3)
(c) The fuse in the hair dryer blows and the student has to replace it. The following
fuses are available:
1 A 3 A 5 A 13 A
(i) Which fuse should the student choose? Put a cross in the correct box.
1 A
3 A
5 A
13 A
(1)
(ii) Explain your choice.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(d) A hair dryer heats up air. Name one other example of electrical heating used in the
home.
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(1)
(Total 8 marks)
2. An electric body warmer is worn by a motorcyclist. The diagram shows a design for
an electric body warmer.
The dashed line shows a wire. When a 12 V battery is connected to the body warmer
there is a current in the wire.
(a) On the diagram draw wires connecting the body warmer to the battery.
(1)
(b) Place a cross in one box to show which of the following terms best describes the
circuit.
A Parallel
B Racing
C Series
D Short
(1)
(c) Explain why, in this design, the front of the body warmer would produce less heat
than the back.
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(1)
(d) Suggest one other design fault.
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(1)
(e) Place a cross in one box to show which of the following properties of the wire needs
to be known if the current in the body warmer is to be calculated.
A colour
B density
C mass
D resistance
(1)
(f) Name two appliances which use electrical heating in the home.
1 ....................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
8. (a) The diagram shows a transformer. Use the terms from the box to label the
diagram.
Core
input coil
output coil
power supply
(3)
(b) This transformer is a step-up transformer.

(i) Describe the difference between the input coil and the output coil.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) State where a step-up transformer would be used in a large-scale electricity
transmission system.
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................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
9. The circuit diagram shows how a student connects several components. These
include four identical 1.5 volt cells.
(a) Identify component X.

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) State a difference between a fixed resistor and a variable resistor.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) (i) Complete the sentence.
The four 1.5 volt cells are called a ........................................................................

(1)
(ii) Calculate the voltage, in volts, across the four cells.
................................................................................................................................
Voltage = ............................. V
(1)
(iii) The voltage across the fixed resistor is 3.8 V.
Calculate the voltage, in volts, across the rest of the circuit.
................................................................................................................................
Voltage across the rest of the circuit = ................................. V

(1)
(d) The reading on ammeter R is 40 mA. State the reading in milliamps on each of the
other two ammeters.
ammeter P = .................... mA ammeter Q = .................... mA
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
14. A student wraps an insulated wire around a large iron nail. She removes the
insulation from the ends of the wire. Then she connects the wire in the circuit shown.
(a) State the name of the device which the student has made.
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Explain why the student uses insulated wire.
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.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c) (i) Explain how the student can show that the device works.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Explain how the student can use the device to show that iron is a magnetically soft
material.
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................................................................................................................................
(1)
15. A balloon is rubbed with a dry cloth on a dry day. The balloon then sticks to a wall.
This is because the balloon has gained negative charge.
Complete the following sentences.

(a) As the balloon is rubbed, .............................................. are transferred from the
..............................................
to
the
..............................................
by
.............................................. .
(3)
(b) The surface of the wall near to the balloon has a ..............................................charge.
This is because objects with .............................................. charges attract each other.
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
3. The diagram shows a three-pin plug with the top removed. The earth wire and the
fuse are two of the safety features.
(a) (i) Most of the plug is made from plastic. Identify a part of the plug that must be
made from metal. Draw a line between it and the box labelled Metal.
(1)
(ii) Add the labels, earth wire and fuse, on the appropriate dotted lines on the
diagram.
(2)
(iii) State why some appliances do not need an earth wire.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iv) Explain what happens to a fuse when the current in it is too large.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(v) What is the purpose of the part of the plug labelled X?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) The top must be put back on before the plug is connected to a socket.
Suggest a reason why.
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.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
8. (a) An experiment is performed using a transformer. The diagram shows the primary
voltage VP and the secondary voltage VS. Both voltages are drawn to the same scale.
(i) How can you tell that this transformer is acting as a step-up transformer?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) The value of VS is 24 V a.c. What does the abbreviation a.c. stand for?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) An equation relating VP and VS is:
What does the term nP stand for?

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.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c) State where a step-up transformer would be used in a large-scale electricity

transmission system.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
10. (a) State an equation which relates voltage, current and resistance.
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) There is an electric current in a copper wire.
(i) Complete the sentence.
This electric current is the rate of flow of .............................................................
(1)
(ii) The copper wire is replaced by an aluminium wire. This wire has the same thickness
and the same length but a greater resistance. What effect, if any, does this have on the
electric current?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) The following circuit diagram shows the places where a student measures the current
in a circuit.
(i) Identify component V.

................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) State the reading in amps on
ammeter Y reading = ........A
ammeter Z reading = ........A
(2)
(d) The following circuit diagram shows how a toymaker connects the lights in a toy
house.

The lights in the toy house are connected in .........................................................
(1)
(ii) Suggest one advantage of connecting the lights in this way.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
2. A student connects a series circuit as shown.
(a) (i) The switch is closed. Name two components in the circuit, other than the lamp,
which affect the size of the current.
1 .............................................................................................................................
2 .............................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) The current is 0.40 A. Calculate the charge that flows during a time of 20 s.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Charge = ................................C
(2)
(b) You are asked to connect a second lamp so that each lamp can be switched on and
off independently. Show, by drawing on the circuit above, how this can be done.
(2)
(Total 6
marks)
13. A wire carries a current. The wire is perpendicular to a magnetic field. A force acts
on the wire and the wire moves.
(a) This effect is used in a d.c. motor.
(i) What does the abbreviation d.c. stand for?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Apart from electric motors, name one other device which uses this effect.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Professor J A Fleming invented a rule to describe the directions involved in this
effect. It is known as Flemings left-hand rule.
Complete the sentences.

The first finger points in the direction of the .................................... which is from
.................................... to .................................... .
The second finger points in the direction of the .................................... which is from
.................................... to .................................... .
The thumb points in the direction of the .................................... .
(5)
(c) State two ways in which the force acting on the wire can be increased.
1 ....................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
2. A circuit contains a resistor R, a thermistor and a buzzer connected to a cell as
shown. The circuit can be used as a simple fire alarm.
(a) (i) Complete the sentence.

When temperature increases, the resistance of a thermistor ........................................
(1)
(ii) What happens to the current in the circuit when the temperature increases?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) (i) State the equation which relates voltage, current and resistance.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) When temperature increases, does the voltage across R stay the same, increase or
decrease?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Explain your answer.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(c) The buzzer starts to sound when the voltage across R is a particular value. Add a
voltmeter to the circuit diagram to show how this voltage is measured.
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
9. The diagram shows an electrical circuit.
(a) Complete the sentence.

The .................................... across the lamp is the energy transferred per unit
.................................... passing through the lamp.
(2)
(b) Complete the table to show what each abbreviation represents in the equation
Q=It
One has been done for you.
Abbreviation Represents
Q
I
t
time
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
13. The diagram shows a 9 V battery.
(a) The battery contains six cells connected in series. Calculate the voltage of each cell.
.......................................................................................................................................
Voltage = .............................. V
(1)
(b) Complete the sentence.
Current is the rate of flow of ........................................................................................
(1)
(c) The battery supplies an average current of 0.20 A for 3.0 hours. Use the equation
energy transferred = current voltage time
to calculate how much energy the battery transfers during this time and give its unit.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Energy = ..................................
(3)
(d) Describe the nature of an electric current in a metal wire.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(e) The battery is described as a 9 V d.c. supply. State what the letters d.c. stand for.
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(f) State two differences between a mains supply and the supply from the battery.
1 ....................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
3. A student connects a light dependent resistor (LDR) to a battery.

(a) The current in the LDR is 0.050 A and its resistance is 90 in the dark.
(i) State the equation which relates current, resistance and voltage.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Calculate the voltage across the LDR. Show your working and give the unit.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Voltage = ..................................................
(2)
(b) The LDR is moved to a position in the light. Choose words from the box to
complete the table. You may use each word once, more than once or not at all.
Decrease increase
Effect on
stay the same
It will
the resistance of the

LDR
the current in the
LDR
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
4. (a) The diagram shows how a student connects several components in a circuit. The
student uses four identical 1.5 volt cells.
(i) Identify component Y.

................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) The reading on ammeter Z is 50 mA. What is the reading in milliamps on each of
the other two ammeters?
ammeter W = ......................... mA ammeter X = ......................... mA
(1)
(iii) The student expected the lamp to be brighter and the reading on the voltmeter to be
6.0 V. The voltmeter is working correctly.
Give two reasons why the reading on the voltmeter is less than 6.0 V.
1 .............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
2 .............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) The graph shows how the current in a filament lamp varies with the voltage across
it.
Explain why the graph is not a straight line.

.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 7 marks)
6. (a) When you rub a polythene rod with a woollen cloth the rod becomes negatively
charged.
(i)
Complete the labels on the diagram.
(1)
(ii)
the polythene rod then remains negatively charged for some time.
Explain why
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(iii) If you rub a copper rod rather than a polythene rod, the copper rod will not stay
charged. Why not?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Complete the following.
When a petrol tanker is filled or emptied the build-up of charge can be dangerous. This
is because a ........................................ may occur and this can ignite the petrol vapour
and cause an explosion.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
8. (a) Complete the sentence.
Voltage is ............................................................ across a copper coil when a
............................................................ changes through the coil.
(2)
(b) A transformer is used to change the size of an alternating voltage. Complete the
equation for a transformer.
(1)
(c) Transformers are used in the large-scale transmission of electrical energy. Choose
phrases from the box to complete the sentences. You may use each phrase once, more
than once or not at all.
in the pylons
in the transmission line
in the turbine
just after the transmission line
just before the generator
just before the transmission line
(i) In the transmission system a step-up transformer must be located

................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) In the transmission system a step-down transformer must be located
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
16. (a) Complete the sentence:
Voltage is the .............................. transferred per unit .............................. passed.
(1)
(b) The circuit diagram shows a 1.5 V cell connected to a resistor. The current in the
circuit is 0.60 A.
(i) How much

flows through the cell in 2.0 s?
charge
in
coulombs
................................................................................................................................
Charge flowing = ................................................. C
(2)
(ii) How much energy in joules is transferred to the resistor during this time?
................................................................................................................................
Energy transferred = ............................................... J
(2)
(iii) State one assumption you have made in (ii).
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) State two changes to the value of the circuit components that would each allow four
times as much energy to be transferred to a resistor in a two-second period.
1 ....................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 8 marks)
11. The circuit diagram shows a metal filament lamp connected in series to a battery, a
closed switch and a component X.
(a) What is component X?

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Adjusting component X alters the current in the lamp.
Complete the sentence.
Current is the ........................................... of flow of ............................................
(1)
(c) Complete the table for the equation in the box by writing the unit name in full.
Q=It
Abbreviation for Unit for

quantity
quantity
Q
I
t
(3)
(d) (i) Name the particles which flow in the wire from A to B.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Explain why they flow in this direction.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 7 marks)
13. A laptop computer has a rechargeable battery. The battery takes 4 hours to charge
fully when a voltage of 6 V is used with a current of 1.2 A.
(a) Use the equation
energy transferred = current voltage time
to calculate the energy transferred. Show your working and give the unit.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Energy = ..................................................
(3)
(b) Complete the sentences.
(i) Voltage is the energy transferred per unit ................................................ passed.
(1)
(ii) A volt is a joule per ................................................ .
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
1. The circuit diagram shows how a student connects several components. These
include four identical 1.5 volt cells.
(a) Identify component X.

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) State a difference between a fixed resistor and a variable resistor.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) (i) Complete the sentence.

The four 1.5 volt cells are called a ........................................................................
(1)
(ii) Calculate the voltage, in volts, across the four cells.
................................................................................................................................
Voltage = ............................. V
(1)
(iii) The voltage across the fixed resistor is 3.8 V. Calculate the voltage, in volts, across
the rest of the circuit.
................................................................................................................................
Voltage across the rest of the circuit = ................................. V
(1)
(d) The reading on ammeter R is 40 mA. State the reading in milliamps on each of the
other two ammeters.
ammeter P = .................... mA ammeter Q = .................... mA
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
9. (a) Put a cross in two boxes to show which of the following statements are correct.
A 1 V is the ratio of energy transferred to charge passed.
B 1 V is the voltage when a current of 1 A dissipates 1 W of power.
C 1 V is the voltage when 1 J of energy is transferred when 1 C of charge passes.
D 1 V is the ratio of resistance to current.
(2)
(b) The diagram shows a battery connected to a resistor.
The terms conventional flow and electron flow are both used in current electricity.
(i) Which one is represented by the arrow in this circuit?
.......................................... flow
(1)
(ii) Explain your answer in (i).
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) A student set up this circuit. She added an ammeter to measure the current in the
circuit and a voltmeter to measure the voltage across the resistor. Add these meters to
the circuit diagram.
(2)
(c) The student also had a stopwatch. She recorded the following readings:
V = 3.0 V
I = 0.75 A
t = 2.0 minutes.
Calculate:
(i) the charge, in coulombs, passing through the resistor in 2.0 minutes
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Charge = .............................. C.
(2)
(ii) the energy, in joules, transferred to the resistor in 2.0 minutes.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Energy transferred = ................................. J
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
1. (a) State an equation which relates voltage,

current and resistance.
..........................................................................
.............................................................
(1)
(b) There is an electric current in a copper wire.
This electric current is the rate of flow of .............................................................
(1)
(ii) The copper wire is replaced by an aluminium wire. This wire has the same thickness
and the same length but a greater resistance. What effect, if any, does this have on the
electric current?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) The following circuit diagram shows the places where a student measures the current
in a circuit.
(i) Identify component V.

................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) State the reading in amps on
ammeter Y reading = .........A
ammeter Z reading = .........A
(2)
(d) The following circuit diagram shows how a toymaker connects the lights in a toy
house.

The lights in the toy house are connected in .........................................................
(1)
(ii) Suggest one advantage of connecting the lights in this way.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
3. The circuit symbol for a fuse is
A student reads the following in an article. Some 1 A fuses can take 10 A for 0.1 s to
allow for a large current when a circuit is first switched on.
He decides to investigate this statement by allowing different values of current above 1
A in a 1 A fuse and measuring how long it takes to blow.
His experiment produced results shown by the graph.
(a) Describe how the student would perform this experiment. Your description should
include:
a circuit diagram
values for the circuit components
the range of the meter
method used.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(9)
(b) During the students investigation he took readings from an ammeter and a
stopwatch. Record his readings.
............................ A................................ s
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
4. Metal rods with currents in the same direction attract as shown.
(a) Two metal rods are to be connected in series to a d.c. power supply, an ammeter and
a variable resistor.
(i) Complete the diagram of the circuit. The power supply, one connecting wire and the
two metal rods are already shown.
(4)
(ii) Add arrows to show the direction of the current in all parts of the circuit.
(2)
(iii) Explain whether the metal rods in your circuit will attract.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) In another experiment one of the metal rods is suspended from two identical metal
springs. The other metal rod is fixed vertically below the suspended metal rod. The rods
are both horizontal. The rods and the springs are connected into a circuit.
Diagram 1 shows the separation of the rods when there is a current of 1 A in the springs
and the rods.
Diagram 1
Diagram 2 shows the separation of the rods when the current is adjusted to 2 A.
Diagram 2
Diagram 3 shows the ammeter after another adjustment to the current.
Diagram 3
(i) Measure the separation in mm of the rods with the current of 2 A.
Separation = ..................... mm
(1)
(ii) Read the value of current, in A.

Current = ......................... A
(1)
(iii) Suggest a value for the separation of the rods for the current shown in Diagram 3.
Separation = ..................... mm
(1)
(iv) The circuit is removed and there is no current in the rods. You can now use the
apparatus to see if Hookes law is obeyed for two identical metal springs in parallel.
You are provided with some small unknown masses to extend the springs.
Where would you place the masses? Explain your answer.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 13 marks)
3. A student designed a small electric heater. The diagram shows how he used his
heater.
(a) Suggest the purpose of the polystyrene pellets.

.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) The student measured the temperature of the water in the small beaker using a
thermometer.
What should be done to the water before measuring its temperature?
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) The student then closed the switch and noted the readings on meters X and Y.
(i) Each diagram shows a meter.
What is the numerical reading on each meter?
Reading = .............................. Reading = ..............................

(1)
(ii) Name meter X.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Name meter Y.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(iv) After 5 minutes he opened the switch and measured the new temperature of the
water.
The diagrams show two thermometers. What is the reading on each thermometer and
what is the difference between the readings?
Reading = .............. C Reading = .............. C Difference = .............. C

(2)
(d) The student repeated the experiment several times. Each time he used an identical
mass of water at the same starting temperature. He adjusted the variable resistor to give
different values of current and voltage before heating the water for five minutes.
He expected to find that the temperature increase is proportional to the power.
Suggest and explain two experimental reasons why this did not happen.
1 ....................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
2 ....................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 12 marks)
4. The diagram shows a rheostat (variable resistor) together with its circuit symbol.
The slider can be moved. When the distance L is changed, the resistance of the rheostat
is changed. The maximum value of L is 19 cm.
A student investigates how the current I in the rheostat depends on the length L.
(a) In the space below draw a circuit diagram for this investigation.
(2)
(b) (i) State one extra item of equipment, not shown on your diagram, that the student
would need.
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Describe how this investigation would be carried out.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(c) During the investigation, the ammeter reading was as shown below.
Record this reading.

Current = ................................... A
(1)
(d) During the investigation the student recorded the following results.
19, 0.11
10, 0.17
7, 0.24
5, 0.33
6, 0.14
16, 0.12
(i) Put these results in a table with column headings and units.
(3)
(ii) Using the grid plot a graph of current against length. Label the axes.
(3)
(iii) Circle the anomalous (unexpected) result.
(1)
(iv) Draw the best-fit curve for the remaining points.
(1)
(v) Suggest a reason for the anomalous result.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(e) Suggest why the student did not use a value of 2 cm for L during the investigation.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 17 marks)
1. A students torch uses a 1.5 V supply. She investigates the lifetime of two different
supplies. For each one, she connects the supply to the lamp from her torch in a series
circuit. She records the current in the lamp.
She records the current again after 8 hours.
The circuit symbol for a lamp is
(a) (i) Draw a suitable circuit diagram for this investigation.
(3)
(ii) Describe how the student would perform this investigation.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(b) An ammeter reading from her investigation is shown below. Record this reading.
................................................... A
(1)
(c) Four power supplies are shown below.
Only two of these are suitable for her torch. Circle these two. Give reasons why the
other two are unsuitable.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(d) The student has to find the power of her lamp. She connects a voltmeter to her
circuit. The circuit symbol for a voltmeter is
Draw this voltmeter on your circuit diagram in part (a)(i).
(1)
(e) The student uses a light dependent resistor (LDR) to measure the brightness of the
lamp.
State why she should perform the experiment in a dark room.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 12 marks)
4. A student investigates the resistance of uniform wires. The diagram shows the circuit
which he uses.
(a) Explain the meaning of the word uniform by completing the sentence.
The thickness of a uniform wire ...................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) The circuit symbol is
shown in the diagram. Complete the sentence.
This is the circuit symbol for .......................................................................................

(2)
(c) The diagram shows two meters, X and Y.
(i) What is the numerical reading on each meter?
reading on meter X = reading on meter Y =
(2)
(ii) Which of the two meters, X or Y, is an ammeter? How can you tell?
Meter ........ is an ammeter because .......................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(d) In a similar experiment, the student uses a very thin copper wire. He records the
following data.
Voltage (V) Current (A) Length of wire (cm)

0.32
2.7
26
(i) Use the equation

resistance (ohms)= voltage (volts)/ current (amps)
to calculate the value of the resistance, in ohms, of this wire. Give your answer to 2
significant figures.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Resistance = ......................
(2)
(ii) Explain why it is not justified to give the answer to more than 2 significant figures.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(iii) Calculate the value of the resistance per unit length, in ohms per metre, of this wire.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
Resistance per unit length = ....................... /m
(2)
(iv) Explain why the student should not describe the value in part (iii) as a reliable
value.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(e) His teacher tells the student that the equation in part (d)(i) will only give a constant
value if the temperature remains constant.
He tells the student to switch on, and then read the meters quickly before the wire has a
chance to warm up.
(i) Suggest a disadvantage of reading the meters quickly.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Suggest and explain one practical method of keeping the length of wire at a constant
temperature.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 18 marks)
2. A student investigates the relationship between the voltage across a solar panel and
the area that is exposed to light. He uses the arrangement shown in the diagram.
The student uses a 30 cm rule to measure the sides of the part of the panel that is
exposed to light.
(a) Suggest and explain the purpose of the black card.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) State why the student carries out the investigation in a blacked-out room.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) During the investigation the student uses the same panel and the same lamp. List
two other variables which the student needs to keep constant.
1 ....................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(d) The diagram shows the voltage reading across the solar panel when a square area of
side 8 cm is exposed to light.

The meter is a ................................................... and the reading is ............... mV.
(2)
(ii) Calculate the area, in cm2, of a square of side 8 cm.
................................................................................................................................
Area = .............................. cm2
(1)
(e) Another student carries out a similar investigation. Her results for exposed area and
voltage are shown.
(i)
60, 250 mV
26, 110 mV
90, 380 mV
120, 500 mV
78, 320 mV
40, 160 mV
Put these results into a suitable table with column headings and units.
(3)
(ii) On the grid below, plot a graph of voltage against exposed area. Label both axes and
add a suitable scale to the vertical axis. Decide whether a straight line of best fit or a
curved line of best fit is appropriate and draw it on your graph.
(6)
(iii) Use your graph to find the voltage, in millivolts, across the solar panel when the
exposed area is 100 cm2.
Voltage = .......................... mV
(1)
(Total 18 marks)
1. Draw a straight line from the name of each piece of apparatus to its symbol. One has
been done for you.
(Total 4 marks)
6. Rachels bicycle has a dynamo to supply electricity for its lights. The diagram shows
the dynamo.
Part X rotates when the bicycle moves.
(a) Name part X.

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(b) Suggest one way that Rachel could increase the amount of electrical energy given
out by the dynamo to make the lights brighter.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c) Suggest an advantage and a disadvantage of using a dynamo instead of a battery for
her bicycle lights.
Advantage .....................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
Disadvantage ................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
3. Robert does an experiment to find out how the resistance of a light-dependent resistor
(LDR) is affected by the light level.
He carries out his experiment by
taking the reading on the ammeter

placing a piece of paper over the LDR to reduce the amount of light it receives
taking another ammeter reading
adding another piece of paper and repeating the reading
continuing until he has a total of six pieces of paper.
(a) (i) How will the resistance of the LDR change as the light level is reduced?
................................................................................................................................
(1)
(ii) Robert measured the current when there was no paper over the LDR. The ammeter
reading was 0.01 A. What was the resistance of the LDR under these conditions?
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(3)
(b) Use the grid below to draw the graph you expect Robert to obtain from his results.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
5. (a) Shaun is cutting a large area of grass with an electric mower. He is worried that he
might cut through the mains cable of the mower. He decides to use a residual current
circuit breaker (RCCB) as well as a fuse because he knows that this will give him more
protection.
(i) Describe how a fuse provides protection.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii) Explain how an RCCB provides additional protection.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b) When people receive an electric shock, a current goes through them. The table
shows how different currents are likely to affect people.
current in mA effect on people

1
none
tingling effect
10
could become harmful
100
probably fatal
Shauns RCCB switches off if it detects a residual current of 30 mA. It takes just 0.02 s
to switch off.
Use the data in both columns of the table to suggest how effectively this RCCB would
protect Shaun.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
1. The following substances are either electrical conductors or insulators. Write each of
the words in the correct column of the table. One has been done for you.
copper
nylon
conductors
glass
iron
rubber
insulators
Nylon
(Total 4 marks)
6. The diagram shows part of an electric motor connected to a battery. The current I is
marked along side AB. The force F is also marked on side AB.
(a) On the diagram add:

(i) an arrow showing the direction of the current on side CD of the coil label this
current X,
(ii) an arrow showing the direction of the force on side CD of the coil label this force
Y.
(2)
(b) Describe changes that could be made to the equipment that would make the motor
spin in the opposite direction.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(c) The motor is connected to a 6 V battery. The current carried by the wire is 0.5 A.
Calculate the electrical power supplied to the motor. State the unit.
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 8 marks)

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IGCSE EDEXCEL

10 A student investigates how the resistance of a thermistor changes with temperature.

(a) (i) Label the thermistor on the diagram.

0.8 2.0 4.2 8.2 15.1 26.6

(i) State the equation linking voltage, current and resistance.

Calculate the resistance of the thermistor at 20 C.

Evaluate this conclusion.

3 The photograph shows a worker fuelling an aircraft.

Fuelling an electrically-charged aircraft can be dangerous. The worker connects a safety

2. (a) One of the building blocks of communication systems is the transducer.

(i) The performance

using a digital system or an analogue system.

Explain how the loudspeaker works.

(a) (i) Any two from:

6. The diagram shows part of a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO).

(a) Explain how the electron gun produces a beam of electrons.

Give two other examples of devices which use electrical heating.

Materials which do not conduct electricity, such as .............................. are known as

10. A circuit contains a resistor R, a thermistor and a buzzer connected to a cell as

(a) (i) Complete the sentence.

When temperature increases, the resistance of a thermistor ........................................

15. (a) The diagram shows a step-up transformer.

(i) Calculate the value of the output voltage.

2. (a) The diagram shows the inside of a three-pin plug.

(i) Cables connected to plugs should not be too ........................................................

11. A student connects a light dependent resistor (LDR) to a battery.

stay the same

the resistance of the LDR

12. (a) The diagram shows how a student

(i) Identify component Y.

Explain why the graph is not a straight line.

14. (a) When you rub a polythene rod with a

Complete the labels on the diagram.

3. The diagram shows a small screwdriver.

(a) (i) Are the LEDs connected in series or in parallel?

(i) Why is the paint attracted to the surface of

(i) Which three letters are

used to name this component?

What is this component called?

The resistance of the circuit can be changed.

The diagram shows the fuse.

(b) This transformer is a step-up transformer.

(a) Identify component X.

The four 1.5 volt cells are called a ........................................................................

Voltage across the rest of the circuit = ................................. V

Complete the following sentences.

What does the term nP stand for?

(c) State where a step-up transformer would be used in a large-scale electricity

(i) Identify component V.

(i) Complete the sentence.

2. A student connects a series circuit as shown.

Complete the sentences.

(a) (i) Complete the sentence.

9. The diagram shows an electrical circuit.

(a) Complete the sentence.

13. The diagram shows a 9 V battery.

3. A student connects a light dependent resistor (LDR) to a battery.

stay the same

the resistance of the

(i) Identify component Y.

Explain why the graph is not a straight line.

Complete the labels on the diagram.

(i) In the transmission system a step-up transformer must be located