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Abstract: This paper presents a procedure to optimize a conceptual ship side structure from a
crashworthiness point of view. As an example, this procedure is presented for a chemical or
product tanker. A particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for the procedure. The
classification society compliance of the conceptual design is checked through service loads that
are applied to the ships hull girder according to Det Norske Veritas. The collision simulations
to assess the crashworthiness are carried out with the non-linear finite element solver LSDYNA. An element length-dependent constant-strain failure criterion is chosen to simulate
rupture. A numerical simulation of a stiffened plate serves to validate the material relation until
failure. This material relation and failure definition makes possible an accurate prediction of
the structural energy absorbed until inner plate rupture. The procedure is adjustable and
applicable to other ship types and scenarios.
Keywords:
1
INTRODUCTION
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Proc. IMechE Vol. 224 Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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180 m
32.2 m
18 m
11.5 m
40 000 t
3.56 m
17.8 m
Proc. IMechE Vol. 224 Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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Strake variables
Strake
Thickness (mm)
Stiffeners
Stiffener types
1
2, 5
3
4
6
7
8, 10, 13, 16
9
11, 14
12, 15
17, 20
18
19
21
1522
1219
1421
1522
1421
1623
916
13.520.5
1219
1320
714
12.519.5
13.520.5
714
411
24
411
29
29
0
26
310
310
310
310
310
26
1219
Proc. IMechE Vol. 224 Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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Fig. 2
Table 3
Striking location
Description
Probability
I
II
III
IV
Webframe
Webframe and stringer or tank top crossing
Stringer or tank top
Between webframes
8/45
12/45
15/45
10/45
Table 4
PSO parameters
Swarm size
Inertia at start
Dynamic inertia reduction factor
Number of rounds to improve solutions before the
inertia is reduced
35
1.4
0.8
3
Proc. IMechE Vol. 224 Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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4.1
Fig. 4
Proc. IMechE Vol. 224 Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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Stress (MPa)
0.003
0.039
0.042
0.050
0.061
0.072
0.084
0.095
0.106
0.117
0.131
0.147
0.164
0.182
0.201
0.223
0.248
0.279
0.310
0.351
0.390
0.438
0.478
0.522
0.576
0.642
0.704
348.8
362.1
365.7
384.8
405.7
419.6
431.2
441.3
450.7
459.4
470.2
480.9
490.9
501.8
512.6
524.1
535.6
548.3
561.4
578.8
593.5
608.5
619.0
629.8
641.0
650.0
654.2
Fig. 5
the failure strain is obtained with optical measurements, whereas the failure strain for greater element
lengths follows the natural logarithmic form of the
measured engineering strain at failure for different
specimens [22]. This failure strain and element
length relation is implemented in the parametric
model generation via material 24 of LS-DYNA [21]
and allows failing elements to be removed at the
correct strain.
According to reference [22], there is no interrelationship between the failure strain and the plate
Proc. IMechE Vol. 224 Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Simulated tensile and plate stress triaxialities for various thicknesses until failure
Finite element simulations of a plate stiffened with one flat bar and experimental results
(BWH, BressanWilliamsHill)
Proc. IMechE Vol. 224 Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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Fig. 8
Finite element simulations of a plate stiffened with two flat bars and experimental results
(BWH, BressanWilliamsHill)
OPTIMIZATION RESULTS
Design alternative
Energy (%)
Mass (%)
E/M (J/t)
Initial concept
Highest-E/M-ratio concept*
Highest-E/M-ratio concept{
100
490
227
109
548
569
100
118
118
391
1632
Proc. IMechE Vol. 224 Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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Fig. 9
Resulting strake dimensions and force versus displacement curves for the conceptual
design alternatives (plate thickness; HP-profile type)
Proc. IMechE Vol. 224 Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This paper has been funded by the project Closed,
filled steel structures SUTERA by the 100-Year
Foundation of the Federation of Finnish Technology
Industries.
F Author 2010
REFERENCES
CONCLUSIONS
Proc. IMechE Vol. 224 Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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Proc. IMechE Vol. 224 Part M: J. Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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